尼龙6填料对碳纤维-环氧树脂复合材料力学与摩擦磨损性能的提升机制

田经纬; 白艳博; 李承高; 咸贵军

尼龙6填料对碳纤维-环氧树脂复合材料力学与摩擦磨损性能的提升机制

田经纬^{1, 2},
白艳博^{1, 2},
李承高^{1, 2},
咸贵军^{1, 2, ,}

1.
哈尔滨工业大学　结构工程灾变与控制教育部重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150090
2.
哈尔滨工业大学　土木工程学院, 哈尔滨 150090

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划 (2021YFB3704402)；国家自然科学基金 (52008137)；黑龙江省自然科学基金 (LH2021E073)

详细信息

通讯作者:
咸贵军，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为土木工程纤维增强树脂复合材料与结构　E-mail: gjxian@hit.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB332
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-10-04
- 修回日期: 2022-11-11
- 录用日期: 2023-01-05
- 网络出版日期: 2023-01-14

Enhancement mechanism of nylon 6 filler on the mechanical and frictional wear properties of carbon fiber-epoxy resin composites

Jingwei TIAN^{1, 2},
Yanbo BAI^{1, 2},
Chenggao LI^{1, 2},
Guijun XIAN^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150090, China
2.
School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China

Funds: National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFB3704402); National Natural Science Foundation of China (52008137); Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LH2021E073)

摘要

摘要: 碳纤维-环氧树脂复合材料具有轻质高强、耐腐蚀、抗疲劳等优异性能，被广泛作为功能材料应用于土木工程结构修复与新建中。本文拟添加具有高断裂韧性、自润滑性和耐疲劳性能的尼龙6提升短切碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能，研发可在高温、高载及往复运动等复杂环境下服役的高性能复合材料。试验研究了添加尼龙6对碳纤维-环氧树脂复合材料热、力学以及摩擦磨损性能的影响，结合微观形貌与结构分析，研究了性能提升机制。研究发现，添加7.5wt.%尼龙6后，复合材料的拉伸断裂韧性提升了199%，断裂破坏模式由脆性断裂转变为韧性断裂，拉伸断口形貌由“平原状”转变为“沟壑状”，玻璃化转变温度提升了15.2℃。添加10wt.%尼龙6可以显著降低复合材料的摩擦系数(~80%)、磨损速率(~53%)、划痕宽度(~22%)与线粗糙度(~15%)，耐磨损性能的提升机制可归因于由尼龙6协助形成了一层均匀致密的润滑隔离膜，磨损类型由严重的疲劳磨损转变为轻微的粘着磨损或磨粒磨损。1尼龙6填料对碳纤维-环氧树脂复合材料力学和摩擦磨损性能的影响：(a)磨损设备；(b)拉伸性能；(c)摩擦系数；(d)磨损速率
- 复合材料 /
- 环氧树脂 /
- 碳纤维 /
- 尼龙6 /
- 力学性能 /
- 摩擦磨损性能 /
- 磨损机制
Abstract: Carbon fiber-epoxy resin composites have excellent properties such as high strength and high modulus, corrosion and fatigue resistances, and are widely used as structural materials in civil engineering. Nylon 6 has advantages of great fracture toughness, self-lubrication, friction and wear reduction, etc. Its incorporation as a filler in short-cut carbon fiber-epoxy composites is expected to significantly improve mechanical and frictional wear properties. In this paper, a high performance composite with excellent mechanical properties, high temperature resistance, low coefficient of friction and wear rate was prepared through using short-cut carbon fiber-epoxy resin composites modified with nylon 6 based on the resin selection method. The effect of the addition of nylon 6 on the thermal, mechanical and frictional wear properties of composite was investigated, and the mechanism of nylon 6 on its performance enhancement was revealed by combining microscopic morphology and structural analysis. It was found that the tensile fracture toughness of the modified composites increased by 199% with the addition of 7.5wt.% nylon 6, and the fracture damage mode changed from brittle fracture to ductile fracture, the tensile fracture morphology changed from “plain” to “gully” and the glass transition temperature increased by 15.2℃. The addition of 10wt.% nylon 6 significantly reduced the frictional coefficient (~80%), wear rate (~53%), scratch width (~22%) and line roughness (~15%) of the composites. The improvement mechanism can be attributed to the fact that nylon 6 assisted in the formation of a uniform and dense lubricant isolation film on the scratch surface, which changed the wear type of the composites from the severe fatigue wear to the slight adhesive wear or abrasive wear.
- Composites /
- Epoxy resin /
- Carbon fiber /
- Nylon 6 /
- Mechanical properties /
- Friction and wear properties /
- Wear mechanism

HTML全文

图 1 所选树脂体系化学结构式

Figure 1. Chemical structure formula of the selected resin system

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图 2 力学增强相SCFs的电镜图((a)和(b))和摩擦润滑相PA6的粒径分布图(c)

Figure 2. Electron micrographs of the mechanically enhanced phase SCFs((a) and (b))and particle size distribution of the friction lubricated phase PA6((c))

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图 3 往复式摩擦磨损试验机：(a)摩擦副系统；(b)机器结构原理；(c)摩擦盘系统；(d)电机驱动器

Figure 3. Reciprocating friction and wear tester: (a) friction pair system; (b) machine structure principle; (c) friction disk system; (d) motor driver

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图 4 PA6改性HTREPC的力学拉伸性能：(a)应力应变曲线；(b)拉伸强度；(c)断裂伸长率；(d)断裂韧性

Figure 4. Mechanical tensile properties of nylon 6 modified HTREPC: (a) stress-strain curves; (b) tensile strength; (c) elongation at break; (d) fracture toughness

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图 5 HTREPC拉伸断口低/高倍表面形貌分析：(a)/(d)Control；(b)/(e)EPCP2.5；(c)/(f)EPCP7.5

Figure 5. Surface morphology analysis of HTREPC tensile fractures at low/high magnification: (a)/(d) Control; (b)/(e) EPCP2.5; (c)/(f) EPCP7.5

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图 6 PA6改性HTREPC的热力学性能：(a)储存模量；(b)损耗因子

Figure 6. Thermomechanical properties of nylon 6 modified HTREPC: (a) storage modulus; (b) Tan delta

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图 7 PA6改性HTREPC的热学性能：(a)热重；(b)热流

Figure 7. Thermal properties of nylon 6 modified HTREPC: (a) thermogravimetry; (b) heat flow

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图 8 (a)傅里叶红外光谱分析；(b)PA6填料与两种树脂基体的氢键作用

Figure 8. (a) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis; (b) hydrogen bonding action between PA6 filler and two types of resin matrix

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图 9 PA6对HTREPC摩擦磨损性能的影响：(a)摩擦系数；(b)磨损速率和划痕宽度；(c)划痕轮廓图；(d)线粗糙度

Figure 9. Effect of nylon 6 on the friction and wear properties of HTREPC: (a) friction coefficient; (b) wear rate and scratch width; (c) scratch profile diagram; (d) line roughness

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图 10 HTREPC表面划痕和对应研磨球形貌图：(a)和(d)Control；(b)和(e)EPCP5；(c)和(f)EPCP10

Figure 10. Scratch morphologies of the HTREPC surface and the corresponding grinding ball: (a) and (d) Control; (b) and (e) EPCP5; (c) and (f) EPCP10

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图 11 HTREPC表面划痕的低/高倍SEM图：(a)和(d)Control；(b)和(e)EPCP5；(c)和(f)EPCP10

Figure 11. Low/high magnification SEM images of HTREPC surface scratches: (a) and (d) Control; (b) and (e) EPCP5; (c) and (f) EPCP10

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图 12 HTREPC往复摩擦磨损类型：(a)分层磨损(疲劳磨损)；(b)粘着磨损；(c)磨粒磨损

Figure 12. Types of reciprocating friction and wear of HTREPC: (a) delamination wear (fatigue wear); (b) adhesive wear; (c) abrasive wear

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表 1 耐高温复合材料用环氧树脂体系(HTREP)

Table 1. Epoxy resin systems for high temperature-resistant composites (HTREP)

Formula		Ts-A	AG80	F51	Hardener (Ts-B：HTDA)
Normal EP	0	100%	0%	0%	3∶2
HTREP	1	0%	100%	0%	3∶2
	2	0%	0%	100%	3∶2
	3	67%	33%	0%	3∶2
	4	67%	0%	33%	3∶2
	5	50%	50%	0%	3∶2
	6	50%	0%	50%	3∶2
Notes: The amine equivalents of the curing agents Ts-B and HTDA are 69 g/mol and 32 g/mol respectively; the epoxy equivalents of the epoxy resins Ts-A/F51 and AG80 are 196 g/mol and 111 g/mol respectively.

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表 2 基于最优耐高温树脂基体的PA6/SCFs添加配方

Table 2. Formulation of PA6/SCFs additives based on optimal high temperature-resistant resin matrix

Specimens	SCFs /wt.%	PA6 /wt.%	BYK-066 N /wt.%	Diluent /wt.%
Control	10.0	0.0	1.0	2.0
EPCP2.5	10.0	2.5	1.0	2.0
EPCP5	10.0	5.0	1.0	2.0
EPCP7.5	10.0	7.5	1.0	2.0
EPCP10	10.0	10.0	1.0	2.0
Notes: EP stands for optimal high-temperature resistant epoxy resin matrix; C stands for short-cut carbon fibres (SCFs); P stands for nylon 6 (PA6); and the numbers represent the weight ratio of PA6 additives.

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表 3 耐高温环氧树脂基体力学/热力学性能

Table 3. Mechanical/thermomechanical properties of high temperature resistant epoxy resin substrates

Formula	Bending strength/MPa	Bending modulus/GPa	Elongation/%	T_g/^oC
0	115.3(±3.79)	3.26(±0.22)	4.34(±0.12)	90.4(±1.25)
1	62.3(±4.25)	3.24(±0.42)	1.32(±0.23)	201.2(±1.42)
2	81.6(±3.78)	2.58(±0.31)	1.98(±0.42)	169.7(± 0.85)
3	79.5(±3.85)	3.68(±0.15)	2.34(±0.25)	157.7(±1.53)
4	91.5(±2.75)	3.41(±0.12)	2.96(±0.32)	141.3(±1.42)
5	132.1(±2.62)	4.69(±0.24)	3.45(±0.17)	173.6(±0.75)
6	107.5(±2.14)	4.01(±0.25)	3.68(±0.18)	151.6(±0.99)

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