Progress in preparation and research of VO2-based composite structure films for smart windows
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摘要: 二氧化钒(VO2)在68℃附近发生绝缘体-金属相转变，同时伴随着近红外光透射率突变，因此在智能节能窗领域具有巨大的应用潜力。近年来，关于 VO2的制备方法、相变机制及改善光学性能方面取得了显著进展。然而，在实际应用中，VO2仍面临一系列挑战，包括本征相变温度较高、可见光透过率(Tlum)较低、太阳能调节效率(∆Tsol)不佳、耐候性差以及颜色舒适度较差(呈现棕黄色)。针对这些问题，国内外的研究者进行了大量研究，发现复合结构对改善VO2性能具有显著作用，对推进其实际应用具有重要意义。然而，目前关于VO2基复合结构的综述相对较少。本文概括了VO2基复合结构的制备方法以及在智能窗领域的性能研究进展，并对VO2基复合结构薄膜未来发展前景进行了展望。Abstract: Vanadium dioxide (VO2) exhibits an insulator-metal phase transition near 68 ℃, coupled with a sudden alteration in near-infrared light transmittance, rendering it highly promising for intelligent energy-saving windows. Despite extensive research in recent years on preparation methods, phase transition mechanisms, and enhancement of dimming capabilities for VO2, practical applications face numerous challenges. These include its high intrinsic phase transition temperature, low visible light transmittance (Tlum) , inefficient regulation of solar energy (∆Tsol) , poor weather resistance, and limited color comfort (brownish-yellow hue) . Addressing these challenges, researchers worldwide have conducted extensive investigations, with composite structures emerging as a promising avenue for enhancing the overall performance of VO2 and advancing its practical applications. However, there remains a paucity of comprehensive reviews on VO2-based composite structures. This paper provides a synthesis and discussion of the preparation methods and performance research progress in the field of smart windows of VO2-based composite structures, while also exploring the future prospects of VO2-based composite structures.
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Key words:
- vanadium dioxide /
- thermochromism /
- smart windows /
- composite structure
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表 1 VO2核壳结构复合薄膜的光学性能
Table 1. Optical properties of VO2 core-shell composite thin films
Structure Tlum/% ∆Tsol/% Tc/℃ References VO2@SiO2 38.0 18.9 — Du et al.[30] 2022 VO2@ZnO 51.0 19.1 — Chen et al.[27] 2017 VO2@SiO2 50.6 14.7 25.2 Zhu et al.[34] 2015 VO2@TiO2 59.3 6.2 — Li et al.[28] 2013 VO2@PDA 56.3 14.5 33.8 Guo et al.[32] 2022 VO2@PMMA — 17.5 57 Hu et al.[35] 2023 VO2@Polymer — 20.34 — Zhao et al.[36] 2022 VO2@MgF2@PDA — 25.0 — Zhao et al.[33] 2019 Notes:Tlum is the luminous transmittance, ∆Tsol is the modulation of solar energy, Tc is the transition temperature, A@B is the core(A)@shell(B) structure, PDA is polydopamine, PMMA is polymethyl methacrylate. 
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表 2 不同基质材料VO2基复合薄膜的光学性能
Table 2. Optical properties of VO2-based composite films of different matrix materials
Structure Tlum/% ∆Tsol/% References VO2-Hydrogel 62.6 34.7 Zhou et al.[41]2015 VO2-Ni-Cl-IL 66.85 23.77 Zhu et al.[42]2016 VO2-{[(C2H5)2NH2]2NiBr4@SiO2} 52.9 25.7 Zhao et al. [52]2023 VO2-Spiropyran 48.58 23.58 Zhao et al.[44]2020 VO2@SiO2 61.8 12.6 Qu et al.[50]2019 SiO2@TiO2@VO2 73.9 12.0 Yang et al.[49]2018 VO2-[1, 4-bis (benzoxazol-2-yl) naphthalene] 73.0 9.0 Qin et al.[53]2021 VO2-PDA 56.23 7.64 Wang et al.[54]2023 Notes:A-B is the mixture of A and B,Ni-Cl-IL is the ionic liquid-rnickel-rchlorine complexes.
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表 3 VO2多层结构复合薄膜的光学性能
Table 3. Optical properties of VO2 multilayer composite films
Structure Tlum/% ∆Tsol/% References Double-layer ZnO-VO2 46.4 6.0 Gagaoudakis et al.[81]2018 VO2-TiO2 61.5 15.1 Chen et al.[62]2011 TiO2-VO2 50.49 20.11 Wu et al.[75]2023 TiO2-VO2 47.3 8.8 Ji et al.[82]2019 VO2-HfO2 55.8 15.9 Chang et al.[83]2019 VO2-C₈H20O₄Si 52.7 16.4 Liu et al.[84]2018 TiO2-VO2 49.0 7.0 Jin et al.[73]2002 Three-layer SiNx-VO2-SiNx 40.4 14.5 Long et al.[85]2019 Cr2O3-VO2-SiO2 50.0 16.1 Chang et al.[86]2018 TiO2-VO2-TiO2 57.6 2.9 Jin et al.[70]2003 VO2-fluorescent brightener-organic polymer 78.87 7.34 Gao et al.[87]2021 Multi-layer SiNx-NiCrOx-SiNx-VOx-SiNx-NiCrOx-SiNx 40.5 18.4 Zhan et al.[88]2020 TiO2-VO2-TiO2-VO2-TiO2 45 12.1 Miyuka et al.[89]2009 HSi-VO2-FSi-P 54.0 16.4 Yao et al.[90]2019 Notes:A-B is the multi-layer structure of the lower layer(A) and the upper layer(B), HSi is the antireflective hollow SiO2 layer, FSi is the protective fluorosilane SiO2 layer, P is the antifogging cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(acrylic acid)layer.
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