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智能窗用二氧化钒基复合结构薄膜的制备及研究进展

张新宇, 徐慧妍, 杨立凯, 王尚, 杨帅军, 蒋绪川

张新宇, 徐慧妍, 杨立凯, 等. 智能窗用二氧化钒基复合结构薄膜的制备及研究进展[J]. 复合材料学报, 2025, 42(2): 679-691. DOI: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20240606.003
引用本文: 张新宇, 徐慧妍, 杨立凯, 等. 智能窗用二氧化钒基复合结构薄膜的制备及研究进展[J]. 复合材料学报, 2025, 42(2): 679-691. DOI: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20240606.003
ZHANG Xinyu, XU Huiyan, YANG Likai, et al. Progress in preparation and research of VO2-based composite structure films for smart windows[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2025, 42(2): 679-691. DOI: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20240606.003
Citation: ZHANG Xinyu, XU Huiyan, YANG Likai, et al. Progress in preparation and research of VO2-based composite structure films for smart windows[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2025, 42(2): 679-691. DOI: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20240606.003

智能窗用二氧化钒基复合结构薄膜的制备及研究进展

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金 (2180050407)
详细信息
    通讯作者:

    徐慧妍,博士,讲师,研究方向为光、热、电、磁等外界刺激响应型无机功能材料 E-mail: ism_xuhy@ujn.edu

    蒋绪川,博士,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为功能无机纳米材料的制备及应用研究 E-mail: ism_jiangxc@ujn.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: TB381;TB332

Progress in preparation and research of VO2-based composite structure films for smart windows

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (2180050407)
  • 摘要:

    二氧化钒(VO2)在68℃附近发生绝缘体-金属相转变,同时伴随着近红外光透射率突变,因此在智能节能窗领域具有巨大的应用潜力。近年来,关于 VO2的制备方法、相变机制及改善光学性能方面取得了显著进展。然而,在实际应用中,VO2仍面临一系列挑战,包括本征相变温度较高、可见光透过率(Tlum)较低、太阳能调节效率(∆Tsol)不佳、耐候性差及颜色舒适度较差(呈现棕黄色)。针对这些问题,国内外的研究者进行了大量研究,发现复合结构对改善VO2性能具有显著作用,对推进其实际应用具有重要意义。然而,目前关于VO2基复合结构的综述相对较少。本文概括了VO2基复合结构的制备方法及在智能窗领域的性能研究进展,并对VO2基复合结构薄膜未来发展前景进行了展望。

     

    Abstract:

    Vanadium dioxide (VO2) exhibits an insulator-metal phase transition near 68℃, coupled with a sudden alteration in near-infrared light transmittance, rendering it highly promising for intelligent energy-saving windows. Despite extensive research in recent years on preparation methods, phase transition mechanisms, and enhancement of dimming capabilities for VO2, practical applications face numerous challenges. These include its high intrinsic phase transition temperature, low visible light transmittance (Tlum), inefficient regulation of solar energy (∆Tsol), poor weather resistance, and limited color comfort (brownish-yellow hue). Addressing these challenges, researchers worldwide have conducted extensive investigations, with composite structures emerging as a promising avenue for enhancing the overall performance of VO2 and advancing its practical applications. However, there remains a paucity of comprehensive reviews on VO2-based composite structures. This paper provides a synthesis and discussion of the preparation methods and performance research progress in the field of smart windows of VO2-based composite structures, while also exploring the future prospects of VO2-based composite structures.

     

  • 目前,全世界因直接或间接损伤等意外事故造成骨折的情况屡见不鲜[1]。骨折恢复期较长,可采取内固定的治疗方式,通过植入钢板、螺钉等医疗用具将断裂处固定以促进骨愈合。当前用作骨折内固定的材料主要有金属材料和可吸收聚合物类材料[2-5]。其中,聚乳酸(Polylactic acid,PLA)的成本相对较低,且可生物降解、细胞相容性好,得到了广泛关注。

    相对于金属材料,PLA在力学性能,如韧性等方面表现较差。然而,在骨愈合材料领域,对弯曲强度和剪切强度通常存在严格的要求[6]。陈倩等[7]通过接枝细菌纤维素对PLA改性,并用溶液浇筑法制备复合薄膜。结果显示,接枝物质量分数为0.6wt%时,断裂伸长率对比未改性提升了175%。而通过制备单向排列和随机分布的玻璃纤维(Glass fiber,GF)增强PLA复合螺钉,Felfel等[8]将纯PLA螺钉进行对比,发现弯曲强度提升近100%,剪切强度和刚度也有所增加。进一步的,Felfel等[9]发现,单向排列的GF/PLA复合材料的弯曲模量和抗压强度均优于随机排列分布。Leksakul等[10]选取了羟基磷灰石(Hydroxyapatite,HAp)和PLA制备了用于手腕骨折碎片板,其拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别可达到44.02 MPa和63.97 MPa,达到了人体手部骨骼的下限。

    作为骨折内固定材料,要避免出现因降解过度从而导致愈合过程受到影响。如Hasan等[11]将短切GF和PLA制备复合材料,结果发现体外降解28天后弯曲强度下降了50%。在此基础上,Hasan等[12]利用偶联剂KH550对GF和PLA进行改性,制备单向纤维垫后热压成型的方式得到复合材料,在降解28天后,处理过的试样初始强度和弹性模量的损失率分别为42.8%和35.3%,未处理的试样则是降低了66%和48%。而Ekinci等[13]采取熔融长丝法制备了PLA单层薄膜,经过体外降解实验时发现,降解时间超过30天后,杨氏模量下降了21%,极限抗拉强度下降了22%。Ahmed等[14]通过对比是否热处理连续GF纤维,发现未经热处理工序制备的复合材料在去离子水中降解6周后质量损失为14%,热处理后质量损失为10%。本实验采取四步法三维五向编织工艺,将连续GF和PLA纤维复合制备成预制体,并通过偶联剂KH550对预制体进行改性,采取热压成型工艺制备复合材料。并进行质量损失率、吸水率、降解介质pH值测定、结晶度、力学性能、微观形貌的变化分析,以期对骨折内固定GF/PLA复合材料提供理论参考。

    聚乳酸纤维,直径为0.3 mm,密度为1.25 g/cm3,由南通新帝克单丝科技股份有限公司提供。玻璃纤维,线密度为130 tex,密度为2.4 g/cm3,由山东未来新材料有限公司提供。

    本实验采取四步法三维五向编织方式制备预制体,三维五向结构由于轴纱的存在,相对于三维四向结构来说有着更优异的抗弯性及抗冲击性[15]。预制体具体尺寸为260 mm×15 mm×9 mm,花结长度(6±0.5) mm,编织角20°±3°。GF质量分数分别为30wt%、35wt%和40wt%。

    将硅烷偶联剂KH550 (分析纯,山东优索化工科技有限公司)分散在无水乙醇(分析纯,天津市汇杭化工科技有限公司)溶剂中,配制成体积分数为5vol%的溶液。再将GF质量分数为40wt%的预制体浸入溶液中进行表面处理,浸泡1.5 h后,放在烘箱中以40℃干燥处理15 h,得到5 mod试样(5 mod试样即KH550对GF质量分数40wt%的改性试样)。KH550可以提升PLA的力学性能,同时改善PLA基质与GF之间的界面,延缓磷酸盐缓冲溶液(Phosphate buffered saline,PBS)对复合材料的侵蚀,达到降低降解速率的目的[16]

    通过差示扫描量热仪(DSC200 F3,德国耐驰公司)对PLA的熔融温度及熔融行为进行热分析。实验条件:样品质量2 mg,在氮气流速50 mL/min氛围下,从0℃升温至230℃,升温速率为10℃/min。

    结合图1(a)所示PLA纤维的DSC曲线,通过四柱液压机(YRD32-200 T,山东鲁迪重工机械有限公司),采取图1(b)中所示实验条件,分别对1.2.1部分制备的预制体及1.2.2部分表面处理后的预制体进行热压复合。所用模具为自行设计,分上、中、下三模,整体密封良好,可将预制体完整包覆。

    图  1  (a) 聚乳酸(PLA)纤维DSC曲线;(b) 玻璃纤维(GF)/PLA复合材料热压成型工艺曲线
    Figure  1.  (a) DSC curve of polylactic acid (PLA) fiber; (b) Hot press molding process curves of glass fiber (GF)/PLA composite

    在37℃下进行体外降解实验,探究GF/PLA复合材料降解性能。称取(10±0.3) g BL601 A型PBS倒入2 L的容量瓶中,再注入超纯水至2 L,混合均匀后测量溶液pH值为7.2~7.4。根据国家医药行业标准YY/T 0474—2004[17],用作降解介质体积和实验对象质量,两者比例应大于30∶1,以保证实验对象可完全浸泡于介质中。实验用复合材料尺寸分别为80 mm×15 mm×4 mm、25 mm×8 mm×4 mm。实验条件为常温,取样时间设置为1、4、7、14、21和28天。

    复合材料吸水率W1和质量保持率W2见下式:

    W1 = m2m1m2×100% (1)
    W2 = m1m3m1×100% (2)

    其中:m1为降解实验前干燥处理的试样质量;m2为降解实验后的试样湿重;m3为降解实验后干燥质量。

    降解实验结束后,用pH计测量降解介质的pH值。

    通过差示扫描量热仪对复合材料进行结晶度测试,实验条件:样品质量10 mg,在氮气流速50 mL/min氛围下,从室温升至230℃,并持续5 min以消除热历史后,降温至0℃,最后升温至230℃。升温和降温速率均为10℃/min。结晶度计算见下式:

    Xc=ΔHmΔHccλΔH0×100% (3)

    其中:Xc为PLA的结晶度(%);ΔHm为PLA 的熔融焓(J/g);ΔHcc为PLA 的冷结晶焓(J/g);λ为PLA 的质量分数(wt%);ΔH0为 PLA完全结晶的熔融焓,其值为93.6 J/g。

    试样尺寸80 mm×15 mm×4 mm。降解实验结束后取出试样,并在40℃环境下干燥15 h。干燥后用万能材料试验机(AG-250 KNE,日本岛津公司)进行三点弯曲实验,标准采取GB/T 1449—2005[18],跨距为64 mm,加载速度2 mm/min。

    试样尺寸为25 mm×8 mm×4 mm。降解实验结束后取出试样,并在40℃环境下干燥15 h。干燥后用万能材料试验机进行剪切实验,标准采取ASTM/D 2344—2016[19],跨距为16 mm,加载速度1 mm/min。

    用冷场发射扫描电子显微镜(Regulus 8100,日本日立公司)观察不同降解时间下复合材料表面微观形貌变化情况。

    图2为GF/PLA复合材料质量保持率及吸水率。在降解初期,4种复合材料均降解缓慢,此时GF与PLA整体结合紧密,水分子难以侵蚀PLA基质。降解第4天,5 mod试样质量出现下降,吸水率迅速上升。此时水分子扩散至PLA的无定型区,破坏PLA中的酯键,使其发生断裂[20-21]。随着降解的持续,试样的质量保持率及吸水率曲线趋势平缓,直至无定型区降解完成,水分子从结晶区边缘向结晶区中心拓展,其速度慢于无定型区,最终降解达到稳定状态[22]。由于GF具有疏水性,当GF质量分数高时,复合材料降解难度增大。GF质量分数为30wt%,试样降解过程中质量损失明显,吸水率上升幅度较大,从而影响试样整体力学性能,对后期应用不利。

    图  2  GF/PLA复合材料降解过程中质量损失率(a)及吸水率(b)
    5 mod sample is the modified sample of KH550 with 40wt%GF
    Figure  2.  Quality retention rate (a) and water absorption rate (b) during the degradation of GF/PLA composite materials

    由于人体pH呈现弱碱性,作为骨愈合的医用材料,需要检测降解过程是否会影响pH值的变化[23-24]图3为复合材料降解过程中pH值的变化过程,降解实验后,GF质量分数为30wt%、35wt%、40wt%时pH值分别下降至6.85、6.91、7.01。GF质量分数低时,PLA水解严重,造成pH值下降过多。PLA在水解时生成乳酸及其低聚物,这些产物在降解介质中电离生成H+,使pH值降低。5 mod试样pH值无较大变化,基本稳定在人体可接受的pH范围,改性后复合材料界面结合良好,PLA水解减少。其中KH550水解产生的OH可与PLA水解产生的H+反应,使pH值略有下降[25]

    图  3  GF/PLA复合材料降解过程中pH值变化
    Figure  3.  pH value change during degradation of GF/PLA composite materials

    图4为复合材料降解后结晶度的变化曲线,可见GF质量分数的增加促进了结晶度的提高。高分子结晶过程涉及大分子链缠结转变为亚稳态折叠链片晶的演变。而分子链结构简单且对称会促进复合材料结晶度的提高。GF作为异相成核剂,其表面形态和化学性质能够有效地吸引和定向PLA分子,提高结晶能力。同时,GF的存在还将促进PLA晶体的长大过程。GF作为一种高度有序结构的增强相,对晶体生长起到模板和导向作用。PLA分子在GF纤维表面有序排列,并沿着纤维方向形成更加完整且尺寸较大的晶体结构,这种有序的晶体生长过程对复合材料结晶度起到正向作用。KH550的引入进一步提升了结晶度。KH550的引入使GF和PLA的界面间形成更多的异相成核位点,促进了PLA分子在GF表面的有序排列。同时增大了GF的比表面积,有助于PLA晶体的生长过程,提高复合材料的结晶度[26-27]

    图  4  GF/PLA复合材料降解过程中结晶度变化
    Figure  4.  Changes in crystallinity during the degradation of GF/PLA composite materials

    人体骨愈合过程中复合材料受力复杂,需要增加材料的抗弯性,以应对各种情况下的力学需求。图5为复合材料弯曲强度变化曲线。降解实验后,GF质量分数为30wt%、35wt%、40wt%时弯曲强度分别下降了32.3%、28.13%、16.16%。由于纯PLA的弯曲强度和韧性相对较差,GF的引入可以显著改善成型后复合材料力学性能,同时缓解PLA的降解速度。5 mod试样弯曲强度下降22.9%,改性后的复合材料界面性能较好,在降解初期弯曲性能得到保持。随着降解过程进行,界面之间遭到不同程度破坏,PLA发生水解,复合材料基体遭到破坏,弯曲性能迅速下降。

    图  5  GF/PLA复合材料降解过程中弯曲强度变化
    Figure  5.  Flexural strength change during degradation of GF/PLA composite materials

    短梁剪切强度通常用来评估复合材料界面之间的黏结程度。图6为复合材料短梁剪切性能变化曲线。经过降解实验后,GF质量分数为30wt%、35wt%、40wt%时剪切强度分别下降了53.74%、51.1%、47.18%。可见GF质量分数的增加延缓了PLA降解速度。5 mod试样剪切强度下降了56.11%,初始状态剪切强度最佳。在降解第4天时剪切强度下降了22.9%,分析认为,改性使GF的疏水性下降,水分子进入界面结合处破坏GF/PLA结合程度,导致剪切性能下降[28]

    图  6  GF/PLA复合材料降解过程中剪切强度变化
    Figure  6.  Shear strength change during degradation of GF/PLA composite materials

    图7(a)为未进行降解实验时,GF质量分数为40wt%的SEM图像,可见GF表面光滑,PLA附着略少,纤维间隙较大。图7(b)为5 mod试样,偶联剂的引入使PLA较多的黏附在GF纤维表面,改善了界面性能,初始剪切强度优异。KH550中的乙氧基水解后生成羟基,与GF表面的羟基发生缩合反应,同时KH550另一侧的伯胺与PLA分子链充分缠结,促进了GF/PLA的黏附状态。

    图  7  GF/PLA复合材料的SEM图像:(a) 40wt%GF;(b) 5 mod
    Figure  7.  SEM images of GF/PLA composite materials: (a) 40wt%GF; (b) 5 mod

    图8为试样降解第7天的SEM图像。可见,4种试样均出现了孔洞,但GF质量分数为30wt%的试样出现了细小的沟壑,GF质量分数为40wt%的试样孔洞较少,GF质量分数的增加抑制了PLA复合材料的降解。5 mod试样表面同样出现孔洞,与其力学性能变化曲线一致。图9为降解第14天的SEM图像。GF质量分数为30wt%和35wt%的试样均出现孔隙变深,孔径增加的现象,而GF质量分数40wt%的试样表面孔洞较少。5 mod试样表面出现沟壑形态。图10为降解第21天的SEM图像,此时复合材料的降解更明显,GF质量分数为30wt%的试样出现了PLA的鳞片层,由于GF质量分数低导致PLA水解严重,无法保持宏观形貌。GF质量分数40wt%的试样开始出现沟壑。5 mod试样水解严重,此时孔隙加深,裂痕增大。图11为降解第28天的SEM图像,此时4种试样均降解严重,GF质量分数为40wt%的试样裂痕较少,GF增加改善了复合材料的稳定性。而5 mod试样降解严重,裂痕现象明显。结合质量保持率及吸水率分析,水分子破坏了复合材料界面,导致力学性能大幅度降低。

    图  8  GF/PLA复合材料降解第7天的SEM图像:(a) 30wt%GF;(b) 35wt%GF;(c) 40wt%GF;(d) 5 mod
    Figure  8.  SEM images of GF/PLA composite degradation at 7 days: (a) 30wt%GF; (b) 35wt%GF; (c) 40wt%GF; (d) 5 mod
    图  9  GF/PLA复合材料降解第14天的SEM图像:(a) 30wt%GF;(b) 35wt%GF;(c) 40wt%GF;(d) 5 mod
    Figure  9.  SEM images of GF/PLA composite degradation at 14 days: (a) 30wt%GF; (b) 35wt%GF; (c) 40wt%GF; (d) 5 mod
    图  10  GF/PLA复合材料降解第21天的SEM图像:(a) 30wt%GF;(b) 35wt%GF;(c) 40wt%GF;(d) 5 mod
    Figure  10.  SEM images of GF/PLA composite degradation at 21 days: (a) 30wt%GF; (b) 35wt%GF; (c) 40wt%GF; (d) 5 mod
    图  11  GF/PLA复合材料降解第28天的SEM图像:(a) 30wt%GF;(b) 35wt%GF;(c) 40wt%GF;(d) 5 mod
    Figure  11.  SEM images of GF/PLA composite degradation at 28 days: (a) 30wt%GF; (b) 35wt%GF; (c) 40wt%GF; (d) 5 mod

    (1) 本文采取三维编织工艺制备了玻璃纤维(GF)/聚乳酸(PLA)混编预制体,其中GF质量分数分别为30wt%、35wt%和40wt%,并对GF质量分数为40wt%的预制体用偶联剂KH550进行改性。采用热压成型方式将预制体制备成复合材料。探究降解过程对复合材料质量保持率、吸水率、降解介质(磷酸缓冲盐溶液(PBS)) pH值、结晶度、弯曲强度和剪切强度影响及微观形貌分析。

    (2) 较高的GF质量分数在复合材料中,表现出较低的质量损失,这表明GF对PLA的降解具有抑制作用。此外,KH550的引入改善了复合材料的疏水性能。低GF质量分数导致降解介质的pH值明显下降,而经过改性后,pH值下降幅度较小。

    (3) GF有助于提高PLA的结晶度,KH550改性后,复合材料的结晶度进一步提升。KH550中的氨基基团和硅氧烷基团与PLA和GF发生反应,形成更牢固的分子间作用力。

    (4) GF质量分数为30wt%、35wt%和40wt%时,复合材料的弯曲强度分别下降了32.3%、28.13%和16.16%,剪切强度分别下降了53.74%、51.1%和47.18%。说明GF的增加有助于延缓因降解介质腐蚀造成的力学损伤。结合微观形貌观察,GF质量分数为30wt%的试样在降解第7天时出现了细小沟壑,而降解第28天时复合材料表面破坏严重。相比,GF质量分数为40wt%的试样则受降解影响较轻,印证了力学强度和剪切强度的测试结果。

  • 图  1   VO2的金属相(R)(a)和绝缘相(M)(b)的能带结构图和晶体结构[15]

    Ef—Fermi level

    Figure  1.   Band structure diagram and crystal structure of metallic phase (R) (a) and insulating phase (M) (b) of VO2[15]

    图  2   ((a), (b)) VO2纳米颗粒[18-19];((c), (d))无机壳层结构[24];((e), (f))有机壳层结构[32];((g), (h))无机-有机壳层结构[33]

    DA—Dopamine; PDA—Polydopamine; PET—Polyethylene terephthalate; PVB—Polyvinyl butyral

    Figure  2.   ((a), (b)) Nanocomposite particle[18-19]; ((c), (d)) Inorganic shell structure[24]; ((e), (f)) Organic shell structure[32]; ((g), (h)) Inorganic-organic shell structure[33]

    图  3   (a) VO2-水凝胶复合薄膜[40];(b) VO2-Ni-Cl-离子液体(IL)复合薄膜[41];(c) VO2-螺吡喃复合薄膜[45]

    Figure  3.   (a) VO2-hydrogel composite film[40]; (b) VO2-Ni-Cl-ionic liquid (IL) composite film[41]; (c) VO2-spiropyran composite film[45]

    图  4   (a) SiO2@TiO2@VO2三层空心纳米球结构[48];(b) VO2@SiO2双层空心核壳结构[49];(c) VO2-Mg1.5VO4多孔结构[50]

    VS1-VS4—VO2@SiO2 bivalve particles prepared by reaction of vanadium dioxide precursor solution at 60℃ for 1-4 h

    Figure  4.   (a) SiO2@TiO2@VO2 three-layer hollow nanospheres[48]; (b) VO2@SiO2 double layer hollow core-shell structure[49]; (c) VO2-Mg1.5VO4 porous structure[50]

    图  5   (a) Cr2O3-VO2缓冲层结构[70];(b) VO2-TiO2减反射结构[74];(c) 空心SiO2-VO2-FSiO2-聚合物多功能结构[80];(d) VO2-HfO2多功能结构[81]

    Figure  5.   (a) Cr2O3-VO2 buffer layer structure[70]; (b) VO2-TiO2 antireflection structure[74]; (c) Hollow SiO2-VO2-FSiO2-polymer multi-function structure[80]; (d) VO2-HfO2 multi-function structure[81]

    表  1   VO2核壳结构复合薄膜的光学性能

    Table  1   Optical properties of VO2 core-shell composite thin films

    Structure Tlum/% Tsol/% Tc/℃ Ref.
    VO2@SiO2 38.0 18.9 Du et al[30]
    VO2@ZnO 51.0 19.1 Chen et al[27]
    VO2@SiO2 50.6 14.7 25.2 Zhu et al[34]
    VO2@TiO2 59.3 6.2 Li et al[28]
    VO2@PDA 56.3 14.5 33.8 Guo et al[32]
    VO2@PMMA 17.5 57 Hu et al[35]
    VO2@Polymer 20.34 Zhao et al[36]
    VO2@MgF2@PDA 25.0 Zhao et al[33]
    Notes:Tlum—Luminous transmittance; ∆Tsol—Modulation of solar energy; Tc—Transition temperature; A@B—Core(A)@shell(B) structure; PMMA—Polymethyl methacrylate.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2   不同基质材料VO2基复合薄膜的光学性能

    Table  2   Optical properties of VO2-based composite films of different matrix materials

    Structure Tlum/% Tsol/% Ref.
    VO2-hydrogel 62.6 34.7 Zhou et al[40]
    VO2-Ni-Cl-IL 66.85 23.77 Zhu et al[41]
    VO2-{[(C2H5)2NH2]2NiBr4@SiO2} 52.9 25.7 Zhao et al[51]
    VO2-spiropyran 48.58 23.58 Zhao et al[45]
    VO2@SiO2 61.8 12.6 Qu et al[49]
    SiO2@TiO2@VO2 73.9 12.0 Yao et al[48]
    VO2-[1, 4-bis (benzoxazol-2-yl) naphthalene] 73.0 9.0 Qin et al[52]
    VO2-PDA 56.23 7.64 Wang et al[53]
    Notes: A-B is the mixture of A and B; Ni-Cl-IL is the ionic liquid-nickel-chlorine complexes.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3   VO2多层结构复合薄膜的光学性能

    Table  3   Optical properties of VO2 multilayer composite films

    Structure Tlum/% Tsol/% Ref.
    Double-layer ZnO-VO2 46.4 6.0 Gagaoudakis et al[82]
    VO2-TiO2 61.5 15.1 Chen et al[61]
    TiO2-VO2 50.49 20.11 Wu et al[74]
    TiO2-VO2 47.3 8.8 Ji et al[83]
    VO2-HfO2 55.8 15.9 Chang et al[81]
    VO2-C₈H20O₄Si 52.7 16.4 Liu et al[84]
    TiO2-VO2 49.0 7.0 Jin et al[72]
    Three-layer SiNx-VO2-SiNx 40.4 14.5 Long et al[85]
    Cr2O3-VO2-SiO2 50.0 16.1 Chang et al[86]
    TiO2-VO2-TiO2 57.6 2.9 Jin et al[69]
    Multi-layer VO2-fluorescent brightener-organic polymer 78.87 7.34 Gao et al[87]
    SiNx-NiCrOx-SiNx-VOx-SiNx-NiCrOx-SiNx 40.5 18.4 Zhan et al[88]
    TiO2-VO2-TiO2-VO2-TiO2 45 12.1 Mlyuka et al[89]
    HSi-VO2-FSi-P 54.0 16.4 Yao et al[80]
    Notes: A-B is the multi-layer structure of the lower layer (A) and the upper layer (B); HSi is the antireflective hollow SiO2 layer; FSi is the protective fluorosilane SiO2 layer; P is the antifogging cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(acrylic acid)layer.
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 期刊类型引用(1)

    1. 鞠泽辉,王志强,张海洋,郑维,束必清. 3D打印聚乙二醇修饰木质素/聚乳酸生物复合材料的热性能与力学性能. 复合材料学报. 2024(12): 6691-6701 . 本站查看

    其他类型引用(1)

  • 目的 

    近年来,关于VO的制备方法、相变机制以及改善热致变色性能的研究取得了显著进展。然而,在实际应用中,VO仍面临一系列挑战,包括较高的本征相变温度()、较低的可见光透过率()、不尽人意的太阳能调制能力()、较差的耐候性以及不美观的棕黄色外观。针对这些问题,国内外研究者开展了大量研究,发现复合结构能够显著改善VO的性能。然而,目前关于VO基复合结构薄膜的综述相对较少。因此,迫切需要对这一领域的最新研究进展进行全面综述。

    方法 

    本文综述了VO基复合结构薄膜的制备方法及性能提升策略的研究进展,并最后对智能窗用VO基复合结构薄膜未来的发展方向进行了展望。①本文阐述了VO基智能窗的性能评价指标;②总结了VO纳米颗粒基复合结构的制备方法及其性能提升策略,包括核壳结构和基质材料,核壳结构涵盖无机、有机及无机-有机外壳材料,基质材料则包括变色基质及具有不同微纳结构的基质;③总结了多层结构的制备方法及其性能提升策略,包括缓冲层、减反射层和多功能层;④展望了智能窗用VO基复合结构薄膜的发展前景。

    结果 

    通过调节壳层结构、改变VO纳米颗粒的分散基质以及设计多层结构等方式,可以制备具有优异热致变色性能的VO基复合薄膜。①通过将VO纳米颗粒与无机或有机材料形成核壳结构,复合薄膜可获得卓越的热致变色性能和稳定性;②选择有机热致变色材料作为基质的复合薄膜展现了丰富的颜色,而以多孔材料作为基质的复合薄膜则具备减反射效果和高度分散性的VO纳米颗粒,表现出优异的光学性能;③多层结构的设计不仅有助于改善复合薄膜的光学性能,还能赋予其自清洁和防雾等附加功能。

    结论 

    随着能源日益枯竭和环境污染问题的日益严峻,迫切需求采取节能减排措施。热致变色智能窗可根据环境温度的变化自动调整太阳光透过率,无能源消耗,因此成为当前研究的焦点。VO基热致变色智能窗的主要研究方向是光学性能和环境耐久性。然而,为了满足实际应用的需求,需要确保各项指标达到应用标准。复合结构在同时改善VO光学性能和稳定性方面优势显著,但现有的VO复合结构较为简单,限制了其综合性能的提升。因此,有必要探索新的制备方法以丰富复合结构,进一步改善VO的综合性能,促进其在智能窗等节能领域的实际应用。

  • 近年来,关于VO2 制备方法、相变机制以及改善热致变色性能的研究取得了显著进展。然而,在实际应用中,VO2仍面临一系列挑战,包括本征相变温度较高、可见光透过率(Tlum)较低、太阳能调节效率(∆Tsol)不够高、耐候性不佳,以及呈现棕黄色的颜色舒适度较差。针对这些问题,国内外的研究者进行了大量研究,发现复合结构可以显著改善VO2的性能,因此迫切需要对这一领域的最新研究进展进行综述。围绕“智能窗用二氧化钒基复合结构薄膜的制备及研究进展”这一主题,本文涵盖四部分内容:(1)阐述了二氧化钒基智能窗的性能评价指标;(2)总结了二氧化钒纳米颗粒基复合结构的制备方法及其性能提升策略,其中包括核壳结构和二氧化钒纳米颗粒基质材料;(3)总结了多层结构的制备方法及其性能提升策略,其中包括缓冲层,减反射层和多功能层;(4)对智能窗用二氧化钒基复合结构薄膜的发展前景进行了展望。

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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2024-04-09
  • 修回日期:  2024-05-19
  • 录用日期:  2024-05-24
  • 网络出版日期:  2024-06-21
  • 发布日期:  2024-06-06
  • 刊出日期:  2024-11-26

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