CCB@Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/NR吸波胶片的制备与微波吸收性能

申永前; 张帆; 朱健; 龙建; 高峰; 杜雪岩

CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR吸波胶片的制备与微波吸收性能

申永前^{1, 2, ,},
张帆¹,
朱健¹,
龙建¹,
高峰²,
杜雪岩¹

1.
兰州理工大学材料科学与工程学院, 兰州 730050
2.
首航高科能源技术股份有限公司, 酒泉 735000

基金项目: 中国博士后科学基金(2022 MD713777)；甘肃省自然科学基金(21 JR7 RA223)；国家自然科学基金-联合基金项目(U22 A20175)

详细信息

通讯作者:
申永前，博士，高级工程师，硕士生导师，研究方向为电磁波吸收材料　　E-mail：syqch@163.com

中图分类号: TB333
计量
- 文章访问数: 140
- HTML全文浏览量: 119
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-09-28
- 修回日期: 2022-12-22
- 录用日期: 2022-12-26
- 网络出版日期: 2023-01-17

Fabrication and microwave absorbing properties of CCB@Fe₃O₄/ NR absorbing films

1.
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
2.
Shouhang Hi-Tech Energy Technology Co. Ltd., Jiuquan 735000, China

Funds: China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022 MD713777); Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province (21 JR7 RA223); National Natural Science Foundation of China-Joint Fund Project (U22 A20175)

More Information

Corresponding author: SHEN Yongqian, ZHANG Fan, ZHU Jian, et al. Fabrication and microwave absorbing properties of

摘要

摘要: 在电子设备使用愈发普遍的同时，电磁污染问题也日益严重，研发可以减轻甚至消除电磁污染的微波吸收材料越来越重要。Fe₃O₄因高居里温度、稳定性较好和磁损耗可调等优点而在吸波领域倍受关注，然而由于其存在介电常数低、阻抗匹配差、质量重等缺点，严重限制了它的进一步应用。本文首先通过溶胶凝胶法制备了导电炭黑(CCB)@Fe₃O₄复合材料，再经过开炼、混炼及硫化过程制备了CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR吸波胶片。CCB@Fe₃O₄复合材料的引入可增强样品的界面损耗和极化损耗，而CCB在提供高导电性和介电常数的同时，还可增强材料的力学性能，最终样品在3.6 GHz处达到-40.5 dB的最佳反射损耗，有效吸收带宽为0.72 GHz，厚度为5.0 mm。1CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR吸波胶片的反射损耗性能(a)和微波吸收机制图(b)
- 吸波材料 /
- 天然橡胶 /
- 纳米四氧化三铁 /
- 导电炭黑 /
- 电-磁协同效应
Abstract: Exploring electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials with excellent performance is the main method to solve electromagnetic pollution. However, it remains a challenge to meet the high performance and practical application requirements of materials simultaneously. Conductive carbon black (CCB)@nano ferroferric oxide (Fe₃O₄)/natural rubber (NR) absorbing films with excellent mechanical and EMW absorption properties were prepared by sol-gel method, plasticizing, blending and vulcanization, and the mechanical and EMW absorbing properties of the films were controlled by adjusting the addition amount of CCB@Fe₃O₄. The introduction of the CCB@Fe₃O₄ composites greatly ameliorates the interfacial loss and polarization loss of the films, in which the CCB can enhance the mechanical properties while improving the dielectric constant and conductivity of the materials. The film achieves the minimum reflection loss (RL) of -40.5 dB and maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 2.4 GHz with the thickness of 5.0 mm when the CCB@Fe₃O₄ was added at 29wt%, and exhibited the optimal tensile strength, hardness and wear properties. The remarkable EMW absorbing properties of the material originate from impedance matching, strong EMW attenuation and high conduction loss caused by the synergistic effect of dielectric-magnetic loss. This work provides a new mentality for the structure design and practical application of natural rubber-based absorbing films.
- Electromagnetic wave absorption material /
- Natural rubber /
- Nano ferroferric oxide /
- Conductive carbon black /
- Dielectric-magnetic synergistic effect

HTML全文

图 1 24wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR (a，d)，29wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR (b，e)，33wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR (c，f)样品的EPMA照片

Figure 1. EPMA images of 24wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR (a, d), 29wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR (b, e) and 33wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR (c, f)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 CCB@Fe₃O₄复合材料的TEM照片(a，b)和HRTEM照片(c); CCB和CCB@Fe₃O₄复合材料的XRD谱图(d); Fe₃O₄，CCB，NR和CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR吸波胶片的FTIR谱图(e); CCB@Fe₃O₄复合材料的VSM谱图(f)

Figure 2. TEM (a, b) and HRTEM (c) images of CCB@Fe₃O₄ composites; XRD patterns (d) of CCB and CCB@Fe₃O₄ composites; FTIR patterns (e) of Fe₃O₄, CCB, NR and CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR absorbing films; VSM patterns (f) of CCB@Fe₃O₄ composites

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR吸波胶片的应力应变曲线

Figure 3. Stress-strain curve of CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR absorbing films

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR吸波胶片的复介电常数的实部ε' (a)和虚部ε" (b)，复磁导率的实部μ' (e)和虚部μ" (f)，介电损耗角正切tan δ_ε (c)和磁损耗角正切tan δ_μ (g)，Cole-Cole半圆(d)和μ ″(μ ′)⁻²f ⁻¹曲线(h)

Figure 4. Frequency dependences of the real (a) and imaginery (b) part of the complex permittivity, real (e) and imaginary (f) part of the complex permeability, the dielectric loss tangent (c) and magnetic loss tangent (g), Cole-Cole semicircles (ε′ versus ε″) (d) and frequency dependences of μ ″(μ ′)⁻²f ⁻¹ (h) for CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR absorbing films

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 24wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR (a)，29wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR (b)和33wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR (c)的传导损耗(ε_c″)和极化损耗(ε_p″)的频率相关性曲线

Figure 5. Frequency dependency of conduction loss (ε_c″) and polarization loss (ε_p″) for 24wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR (a), 29wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR (b) and 33wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR (c)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 24wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR (a，d，g)，29wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR (b，e，h)和33wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR (c，f，i)的Cole-Cole曲线

Figure 6. The Cole-Cole plots for 24wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR (a, d, g), 29wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR (b, e, h) and 33wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR (c, f, i)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 24wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR (a，d)，29wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR (b，e)和33wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR (c，f)的3D和2D反射损耗图；24wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR (g)，29wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR (h)和33wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR (i)的2D阻抗匹配图

Figure 7. 3D and 2D maps of RL in 2.0~18.0 GHz with a diverse matching thickness (1.0~5.0 mm) for 24wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR (a, d), 29wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR (b, e) and 33wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR (c, f); 2D maps of Z values of 24wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR (g), 29wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR (h) and 33wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR (i)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 24wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR (a，d)，29wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR (b，e)和33wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR (c，f)的干涉相消图

Figure 8. Simulations of the ƒ_m versus t_m for 24wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR (a, d), 29wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR (b, e) and 33wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR (c, f) under the λ/4 model

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR吸波胶片的衰减因子(α)曲线

Figure 9. Frequency dependences of the attenuation constant (α) for CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR absorbing films

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR吸波胶片的吸波机制图

Figure 10. Microwave absorbing mechanism of CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR absorbing films

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 导电炭黑(CCB)@纳米四氧化三铁(Fe₃O₄)/天然橡胶(NR)吸波胶片的填料配方

Table 1. Filler formula of Conductive carbon black (CCB)@nano ferroferric oxide (Fe₃O₄)/ natural rubber (NR) absorbing films

Sample	NR/g	DMPPD/g	C₁₈H₃₆O₂/g	CZ/g	ZnO/nano-ZnO/g	CCB@Fe₃O₄/g	S/g
24 wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR	100	1	2	1	5	35	2
29 wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR	100	1	2	1	5	45	2
33 wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR	100	1	2	1	5	55	2

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR吸波胶片的力学性能

Table 2. Mechanical properties of CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR absorbing films

Sample	100％ Modulus /MPa	300％ Modulus /MPa	Tensile strength /MPa	Break elongation/%	Shore hardness
24 wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR	1.79	3.62	8.92	663.88	63
29 wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR	2.63	6.73	16.18	635.28	70
33 wt% CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR	2.61	5.18	10.10	626.88	78

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR吸波胶片与类似工作的电磁波吸收性能对比

Table 3. Comparison of electromagnetic wave absorption performance of CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR absorbing films with similar work

Sample	Thickness/mm	RL/dB	EAB/GHz	Reference
CCB/NR/epoxidized NR	3.0	−23.58	3.04	[23]
CCB/NR	5.5	−15.64	3.20	[45]
CCB/Methacrylate grafted NR	/	−22.38	1.68	[46]
Fe₃O₄/Thermoplastic NR	9.0	−25.51	2.70	[47]
CCB@Fe₃O₄/NR	5.0	−40.5	0.72	This work

下载: 导出CSV

[1]	SHEN Y Q, ZHANG F, SONG P F, et al. Design and synthesis of magnetic porous carbon nanofibers with excellent microwave absorption[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2022,903:163971. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.163971
[2]	ZHANG Y C, SHEN Y Q, DANG M M, et al. In situ synthesis hydrophobic Co/CoO/C nanofibers with enhanced microwave absorption[J]. Ceramics International,2021,47(7):9178-9187. doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.12.043
[3]	许占. 一维铁/碳复合材料的制备及其吸波性能研究[D]. 哈尔滨工业大学, 2019. XU Zhan, Pretaration of one-dimensional Fe/C composites and their microwave absorption performance [D]. Harbin Institute of Technology, 2019 (in Chinese).
[4]	吴梦, 饶磊, 张建峰, 等. MXene及其复合吸波材料的制备与性能研究进展[J]. 复合材料学报, 2022, 39(3):942-955. WU Meng, RAO Lei, ZHANG Jian-feng, et al. Research progress in preparation and performance of MXene and its composite absorbing materials[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2022,39(3):942-955(in Chinese).
[5]	XU H, YIN X, LI M, et al. Mesoporous carbon hollow microspheres with red blood cell like morphology for efficient microwave absorption at elevated temperature[J]. Carbon,2018,132:343-351. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2018.02.040
[6]	YANG H, WEN B, WANG L, et al. Carbon nanotubes modified CoZn/C composites with rambutan-like applied to electromagnetic wave absorption[J]. Applied Surface Science,2020,509:145336. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.145336
[7]	SHEN Y Q, ZHANG F, ZHANG Y C, et al. Space-confined fabrication of hydrophobic magnetic carbon nanofibers for lightweight and enhanced microwave absorption[J]. Carbon,2022,197:544-554. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2022.06.001
[8]	XU Z, DU Y, LIU D, et al. Pea-like Fe/Fe₃C Nanoparticles Embedded in Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotubes with Tunable Dielectric/Magnetic Loss and Efficient Electromagnetic Absorption[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2019,11(4):4268-4277.
[9]	SHEN Y Q, ZHANG F, ZHANG Y C, et al. Ni/NiO/SiO₂/C nanofibers with strong wideband microwave absorption and robust hydrophobicity[J]. Applied Surface Science,2022,588:152964. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.152964
[10]	WANG X X, MA T, SHU J C, et al. Confinedly tailoring Fe₃O₄ clusters-NG to tune electromagnetic parameters and microwave absorption with broadened bandwidth[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2018,332:321-330. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2017.09.101
[11]	DENG B, LIU Z, PAN F, et al. Electrostatically self-assembled two-dimensional magnetized MXene/hollow Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle hybrids with high electromagnetic absorption performance and improved impendence matching[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2021,9(6):3500-3510. doi: 10.1039/D0TA10551A
[12]	MA M, LI W T, WANG T Z, et al. Facile synthesis of the one-dimensional flower-like yolk-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@NiO nanochains composites for high-performance microwave absorption[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2020,843:155199. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.155199
[13]	DU Y, LIU W, QIANG R, et al. Shell Thickness-Dependent Microwave Absorption of Core–Shell Fe₃O₄@C Composites[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2014,6(15):12997-13006.
[14]	VINAYASREE S, SOLOMAN M A, SUNNY V, et al. A microwave absorber based on strontium ferrite–carbon black–nitrile rubber for S and X-band applications[J]. Composites Science and Technology,2013,82:69-75. doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2013.04.010
[15]	王萌. 天然橡胶基复合吸波材料的结构设计及吸波性能研究[D]. 大连理工大学, 2010. WANG Meng. Research on the structural design and the absorbing properties of nature rubber based composite absorbing materials [D]. Dalian University of Technology, 2010 (in Chinese).
[16]	谢圣武, 白骏烈, 张斌. 柔性橡胶吸波材料的研究进展[J]. 橡胶工业, 2020, 67(7):551-558. doi: 10.12136/j.issn.1000-890X.2020.07.0551 XIE Sheng-wu, BAI Jun-lie, ZHANG Bin. Research progress of flexible rubber absorbing materials[J]. China Rubber Industry,2020,67(7):551-558(in Chinese). doi: 10.12136/j.issn.1000-890X.2020.07.0551
[17]	耿浩然, 赵鹏飞, 梅俊飞, 等. 二硫化钼/多壁碳纳米管/天然橡胶复合材料制备及吸波性能研究[J]. 功能材料, 2019, 12(50):12210-12215. GENG Hao-ran, ZHAO Peng-fei, MEI Jun-fei, et al. Preparation and absorbing properties of molybdenum disulfide/multi-walled carbon nanotubes/natural rubber composites[J]. Journal of Functional Materials,2019,12(50):12210-12215(in Chinese).
[18]	朱鹏宇. 改性碳纤维/硅橡胶柔性复合材料的力学和吸波性能研究[D]. 哈尔滨工业大学, 2021. ZHU Peng-yu. Research on mechanical and wave absorbing properties of modified carbon fiber/silicone rubber flexible composite [D]. Harbin Institute of Technology, 2021 (in Chinese).
[19]	中国国家标准化管理委员会. 硫化橡胶或热塑性橡胶拉伸应力应变性能的测定: GB/T 528-2009[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2009. Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. Determination of tensile stress-strain properties of vulcanized rubber or thermoplastic rubber: GB/T 528-2009[S]. Beijing: China Standards Press, 2009 (in Chinese).
[20]	中国国家标准化管理委员会. 硫化橡胶或热塑性橡胶压入硬度试验方法第1部分: 邵氏硬度计法(邵尔硬度): GB/T 531.1-2008[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2008 Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. Vulcanized rubber or thermoplastic rubber indentation hardness test method Part 1: Duromerer method (Shore hardness): GB/T 531.1-2008[S]. Beijing: China Standards Press, 2008 (in Chinese).
[21]	中国国家标准化管理委员会. 硫化橡胶或热塑性橡胶体积和/或表面电阻率的测定: GB/T 40719-2021[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2021. Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. Determination of volume and/or surface resistivity of vulcanized rubber or thermoplastic rubber: GB/T 40719-2021 [S]. Beijing: China Standards Press, 2021 (in Chinese).
[22]	中国国家标准化管理委员会. 固体材料微波频段使用波导装置的电磁参数测量方法: GB/T 35679-2017[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2017. Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. Measuring method for electromagnetic parameters of solid materials at microwave frequencies using wave guide: GB/T 35679-2017 [S]. Beijing: China Standards Press, 2017 (in Chinese).
[23]	李乐凡, 赵鹏飞, 吕臻, 等. 共混比对导电炭黑/天然橡胶/环氧化天然橡胶复合材料电磁性能的影响[J]. 材料导报, 2016, 30(5):38-41. doi: 10.11896/j.issn.1005-023X.2016.10.009 LI Le-fan, ZHAO Peng-fei, LV Zhen, et al. Influence of blending ratio on electromagnetic properties of conductive carbon black/natural rubber/epoxy natural rubber composites[J]. Material Review,2016,30(5):38-41(in Chinese). doi: 10.11896/j.issn.1005-023X.2016.10.009
[24]	张学虎, 周卫民, 王坤, 等. Fe₃O₄/炭黑复合材料的制备及其电化学性能[J]. 炭素技术, 2021, 40(1):31-36. ZHANG Xue-hu, ZHOU Wei-min, WANG Kun, et al. Preparation and electrochemical properties of Fe₃O₄/carbon black composites[J]. Carbon techniques,2021,40(1):31-36(in Chinese).
[25]	LI B, RONG T L, DU X Y, et al. Preparation of Fe₃O₄ particles with unique structures from nickel slag for enhancing microwave absorption properties[J]. Ceramics International,2021,47(13):18848-18857. doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.03.224
[26]	WU T, LIU Y, ZENG X, et al. Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis of Fe₃O₄/C Core-Shell Nanorings for Efficient Low-Frequency Microwave Absorption[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2016,8(11):7370-7380.
[27]	段雯雯, 王建军, 辛振祥, 等. 环氧化天然橡胶改性石墨烯-炭黑/天然橡胶复合材料的制备与性能[J]. 复合材料学报, 2020, 37(7):1667-1674. DUAN Wen-wen, WANG Jian-jun, XIN Zhen-xiang, et al. Preparation and properties of epoxidized natural rubber modified graphene-carbon black/natural rubber composites[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2020,37(7):1667-1674(in Chinese).
[28]	庞松, 刘欢欢, 于洋, 等. 高速高载下天然橡胶-反式聚异戊二烯橡胶复合材料的耐磨性[J]. 复合材料学报, 2021, 39(6):2607-2618. doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20210716.003 PANG Song, LIU Huan-huan, YU Yang, et al. Wear resistance of natural rubber-trans-polyisoprene rubber composites under high loads and high speeds[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2021,39(6):2607-2618(in Chinese). doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20210716.003
[29]	ZHANG X, DONG Y, PAN F, et al. Electrostatic self-assembly construction of 2 D MoS₂ wrapped hollow Fe₃O₄ nanoflowers@1 D carbon tube hybrids for self-cleaning high-performance microwave absorbers[J]. Carbon,2021,177:332-343. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2021.02.092
[30]	SHEN Y Q, WEI Y P, LI J, et al. Preparation of microwave absorbing Co-C nanofibers with robust superhydrophobic properties by electrospinning[J]. Journal of Materials Science:Materials in Electronics,2019,30(4):3365-3377. doi: 10.1007/s10854-018-00610-4
[31]	SHEN Y Q, WEI Y P, MA J Q, et al. Tunable microwave absorption properties of nickel-carbon nanofibers prepared by electrospinning[J]. Ceramics International,2019,45(3):3313-3324. doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.10.242
[32]	YU Y L, WANG M, BAI Y Q, et al. Tuning the inner hollow structure of lightweight amorphous carbon for enhanced microwave absorption[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2019,375:121914. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2019.121914
[33]	WANG X, ZHU T, CHANG S, et al. 3 D Nest-Like Architecture of Core-Shell CoFe₂O₄@1 T/2 H-MoS₂ Composites with Tunable Microwave Absorption Performance[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2020,12(9):11252-11264.
[34]	JIAN X, WU B, WEI Y, et al. Facile Synthesis of Fe₃O₄/GCs Composites and Their Enhanced Microwave Absorption Properties[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2016,8(9):6101-6109.
[35]	WANG H, XIANG L, WEI W, et al. Efficient and Lightweight Electromagnetic Wave Absorber Derived from Metal Organic Framework-Encapsulated Cobalt Nanoparticles[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2017,9(48):42102-42110.
[36]	SHEN Y Q, WEI Y P, MA J Q, et al. Self-cleaning functionalized FeNi/NiFe₂O₄/NiO/C nanofibers with enhanced microwave absorption performance[J]. Ceramics International,2020,46(9):13397-13406. doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.02.121
[37]	YU M, WANG L, YANG P, et al. Preparation and high-performance microwave absorption of hierarchical dendrite-like Co superstructures self-assembly of nanoflakes[J]. Nanotechnology,2017,28(48):485703. doi: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa9045
[38]	SONG Z, LIU X, SUN X, et al. Alginate-templated synthesis of CoFe/carbon fiber composite and the effect of hierarchically porous structure on electromagnetic wave absorption performance[J]. Carbon,2019,151:36-45. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2019.05.025
[39]	CAO M S, WANG X X, CAO W Q, et al. Thermally Driven Transport and Relaxation Switching Self-Powered Electromagnetic Energy Conversion[J]. Small,2018,14(29):1800987. doi: 10.1002/smll.201800987
[40]	SHU J C, CAO M S, ZHANG M, et al. Molecular Patching Engineering to Drive Energy Conversion as Efficient and Environment-Friendly Cell toward Wireless Power Transmission[J]. Advanced Functional Materials,2020,30(10):1908299. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201908299
[41]	LIU W, SHAO Q, JI G, et al. Metal-organic-frameworks derived porous carbon-wrapped Ni composites with optimized impedance matching as excellent lightweight electromagnetic wave absorber[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,313:734-744. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2016.12.117
[42]	WU T, LIU Y, ZENG X, et al. Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis of Fe₃O₄/C Core-Shell Nanorings for Efficient Low-Frequency Microwave Absorption[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2016,8(11):7370-7380.
[43]	WANG F, SUN Y, LI D, et al. Microwave absorption properties of 3 D cross-linked Fe/C porous nanofibers prepared by electrospinning[J]. Carbon,2018,134:264-273. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2018.03.081
[44]	LI A, ZHANG J, WANG A. Utilization of starch and clay for the preparation of superabsorbent composite[J]. Bioresource technology,2007,98(2):327-332. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.12.026
[45]	吕臻, 王中奇, 赵鹏飞, 等. 基体改性对导电炭黑/天然橡胶复合材料电磁性能的影响[J]. 高分子材料科学与工程, 2018, 34(11):69-73. doi: 10.16865/j.cnki.1000-7555.2018.11.012 LV Zhen, WANG Zhong-qi, ZHAO Peng-fei, et al. Effect of matrix modification on the electromagnetic properties of conductive carbon black/ natural rubber composites[J]. Polymer Materials Science and Engineering,2018,34(11):69-73(in Chinese). doi: 10.16865/j.cnki.1000-7555.2018.11.012
[46]	王中奇, 李普旺, 李乐凡, 等. 橡胶分子链接枝对导电炭黑/天然橡胶复合材料电磁性能的影响[J]. 材料导报, 2017, 31:297-300. WANG Zhong-qi, LI Pu-wang, LI Le-fan, et al. Effect of polymer graft modification on the electromagnetic properties of conductive carbon black/natural rubber composites[J]. Material Review,2017,31:297-300(in Chinese).
[47]	KONG I, AHMAD S, ABDULLAH M, et al. Magnetic and microwave absorbing properties of magnetite–thermoplastic natural rubber nanocomposites[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2010,322(21):3401-3409. doi: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2010.06.036