Cattail-derived Fe/C composites for efficient microwave absorption
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摘要:
目的 为改善生活中因通信和电子设备的所带来的日趋严重的电磁污染，解决生物质衍生碳基吸波材料制备方法高成本、环境污染大等问题。该项目提出了一种生物质衍生碳基复合吸波材料的设计开发提供借鉴。 方法 选取二维片层结构生物质材料香蒲为原料，Fe为金属源，利用其固有的吸附特性, 经配位自组装和简单的高温还原方法获得香蒲表面均匀负载的三价Fe粒子的前驱体，后经管式炉高温煅烧分别得到700、800和900℃的Fe/C复合材料。 结果 通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察材料的形貌，香蒲作为前驱体经过高温煅烧之后保留了较好的微观形貌，并且可以看出Fe/C复合材料中片状的碳壁结构形态和紧密的附着在碳壁上的Fe纳米粒子，Fe纳米粒子的分布是非常随机且均匀的。Fe/C复合材料TG测试结果得出随着温度的升高，Fe纳米粒子具有较高的化学稳定性，并且Fe/C-800复合材料Fe的相对含量最高。Fe/C复合材料XPS图谱证实Fe元素很好地掺杂到复合材料的碳骨架中。Fe/C复合材料电磁参数测试结果表明介电常数变化上具有频散效应发生，复合材料的介电常数实部和虚部在6至18 GHz频率范围内出现多重共振现象,这是因为随着煅烧温度的升高Fe/C复合材料的中碳组分石墨化程度逐渐升高促进了电导率的增强，复合材料的复磁导率实部在低频范围内具有明显的共振峰。复合材料中的介电损耗能力主要取决于电导损耗、偶极取向极化损耗和界面极化损耗。二维和三维反射损耗图像表明Fe/C复合材料在900 ℃时吸波性能更为优异。阻抗匹配与衰减常数共同决定电磁吸波的吸收性能，综合来看Fe/C-900性能最佳。经电磁波吸收性能研究显示，复合从材料中 RL值小于-10 dB时，意味着90%的电磁波可以转换成其他形式的能，并且生物质衍生碳基复合材料表面均匀的负载上磁性金属制备出了具有双重电磁波损耗机制的复合材料Fe/C,大大提升了电磁波的吸收带宽。 结论 以煅烧后的香蒲为载体，Fe为金属源，经配位自组装和简单的高温还原获得香蒲表面均匀负载的三价铁粒子，复合材料经惰性气氛下高温煅烧得到Fe/C复合材料，从而制备出具有良好吸波性能的复合材料。X 射线衍射测试结果表明，复合材料经高温煅烧后形成了Fe纳米颗粒；热重分析表明，Fe/C复合材料中碳组分含量随温度升高而降低，形成的Fe纳米颗粒在测试温度内较为稳定；反射损耗结果显示，900 ℃的Fe/C复合材料的吸波性能最好，厚度为5 mm 时，最大反射损耗达-35 dB，Fe/C复合材料中生物质衍生碳和Fe纳米颗粒的协同效应在优化阻抗匹配特性和提高电磁波的衰减能力起着至关重要的作用，其次，样品分散在石蜡中以形成电导网络，更多的电子在不同的碳层之间跳跃，网络导电性增强，将更多的电磁波能量转化为热能，体心立方Fe和碳管之间形成大量的异质界面，并且异质界面之间Fe纳米颗粒和碳层有利于在交变电磁场下的自由电荷积累和振荡，从而增强了界面极化；此外，在复合材料中形成了高密度的氮杂取代，可以极大地促进偶极极化，进一步提高了介电损耗能力，提升了复合材料的吸波性能，本文制备的生物质衍生碳基复合材料是一种新型的电磁波吸收复合材料，具有宽带、高效等优良性能。 Abstract: Biomass materials have specific microscopic morphology and pore structure, which can be considered as excellent morphogenetic materials for carbon components. In addition, biomass materials are widely used, inexpensive and it is in line with the strategic needs of national sustainable development. In the research, we selects biomass cattail as the main carbon source and Fe3+ as the metal source. Fe/C composites can be obtained by in situ adsorption and carbon thermal reduction, where Fe nanoparticles are uniformly loaded on the surface of carbon substrate. Moreover, the crystallinity of Fe nanoparticles can be enhanced with the increase of calcination temperature. Fe/C-700 composites have multiple resonance behaviors at low and high frequencies, which contribute to the enhancement of dielectric loss capability. Two-dimensional reflection loss results show that Fe/C-900 composites exhibit the excellent microwave absorption performance, where the minimum reflection loss can reach −35 dB at 4.4 GHz with the thickness of 5 mm. The superior microwave absorption performance can be attributed to its better impedance matching characteristics and the synergistic effect of dielectric loss and magnetic loss, and the study will provide a new strategy for biomass-derived magnetic carbon-based microwave absorption composites.-
Key words:
- Fe/carbon composites /
- Biomass /
- Microwave absorption /
- Dielectric loss /
- Magnetic loss
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图 1 Fe/C复合材料的制备流程图(a)、SEM图谱(b-c)、吸波测试样品制备流程图(d)、XRD图谱(e)、热重图谱(f)、拉曼图谱(g)、 VSM(h)
Figure 1. Fe/C composite Preparation flow chart(a)， SEM patterns(b-c)，Flow chart for sample preparation for wave absorption testing (d), XRD(e), TG(f), Raman mapping (g), VSM(h)
图 2 Fe/C复合材料的700 BET图 (a)、800 BET图 (b)、900 BET图 (c)
Figure 2. Fe/C composite700 BET (a), 800 BET (b), 900 BET (c)
图 3 Fe/C复合材料的XPS全谱(a)、C ls (b)、N 1s (c)、O 1s (d)、Fe 2 p (e)
Figure 3. Fe/C composite XPS (a), C ls (b), N 1s (c), O 1s (d), Fe 2 p (e)
图 4 Fe/C复合材料的介电常数实部ε' (a)，介电常数虚部ε'' (b)，介电损耗正切值
$ {tan\delta }_{\epsilon } $ (c)，复磁导率实部μ' (d)，复磁导率虚部μ'' (e)，复磁损耗正切值$ \mathrm{tan}{\delta }_{\mu } $ (f)，Cole-Cole环(g)，C0(h)，衰减因子谱(i)Figure 4. Fe/C composite Real part of the dielectric constant(a), Imaginary part of the dielectric constant(b), Dielectric loss tangent(c), Complex magnetic permeability real part(d), Complex magnetic permeability imaginary part(e), Complex magnetic loss tangent(f), Cole-Cole(g), C0(h), Attenuation factor mapping(i)
图 5 Fe/C-700(a)、Fe/C-800(b)、Fe/C-900(c)的二维反射损耗图；Fe/C-700(d)、Fe/C-800(e)、Fe/C-900(f)的三维反射损耗图；Fe/C-700(g)、Fe/C-800(h)、Fe/C-900(i)的阻抗匹配图
Figure 5. 2 D reflection loss diagrams for Fe/C-700(a), Fe/C-800(b), Fe/C-900(c); 3 D reflection loss diagrams for Fe/C-700(d), Fe/C-800(e), Fe/C-900(f); Impedance matching diagram for Fe/C-700(g), Fe/C-800(h), Fe/C-900(i)
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