基于水凝胶基太阳能蒸发器的研究进展

丁一; 季家友; 喻湘华; 李亮

基于水凝胶基太阳能蒸发器的研究进展

武汉工程大学　材料科学与工程学院, 武汉 430205

基金项目: 湖北省知识产权运用示范工程后补助项目(2020)

详细信息

通讯作者:
季家友，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向碳化硅陶瓷膜的开发及应用　E-mail: msell08@wit.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB34
计量
- 文章访问数: 74
- HTML全文浏览量: 31
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-03-13
- 修回日期: 2023-04-07
- 录用日期: 2023-04-19
- 网络出版日期: 2023-05-10

Research progress on the solar evaporators based on hydrogels

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China

Funds: Post subsidy project of intellectual property application demonstration project in Hubei Province (2020)

摘要

摘要: 目的随着工业经济的发展，淡水短缺、能源问题和环境污染日益严重，水资源短缺成为人类亟待解决的问题之一。为了解决这个问题，近年来研究学者发展了一种水处理技术——太阳能驱动界面水蒸发技术。太阳能蒸发技术被认为是一种绿色、可持续的缓解水资源短缺的技术，在太阳能海水淡化领域具有很大的应用潜力和前景，受到了广泛关注。基底是太阳能蒸发器的重要组成部分，是影响蒸发效率的关键因素之一。水凝胶由于来源广泛、易于制备等特点成为当下的研究热点。本文综述了不同水凝胶与光热材料组合而成的太阳能蒸发器的各自特点与应用特性，对现有水凝胶蒸发器的优缺点做出深入探讨，展望未来本领域研究方向。内容：从现有研究中可以看出，作为太阳能蒸发器的水凝胶基底材料聚焦于聚乙烯醇、壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、纤维素等水凝胶。(1)聚乙烯醇水凝胶。最初是通过将还原氧化石墨烯渗透进入聚乙烯醇网络复合出来的。以此为启发，研究者们将不同光热材料如：MXene、聚吡咯、碳纳米管及纳米银颗粒等与聚乙烯醇复合，制备出性能优异的水凝胶界面蒸发器。实际应用中，界面蒸发器被用于开放水域和动态环境，在以上界面蒸发器的设计中，结构部件的抗疲劳性和可逆性在很大程度上被忽略了。为此，研究者利用聚乙烯醇、海藻酸钠和聚丙烯酸钠的高亲水性、多孔性和广泛的氢键网络，制备了具有双增强网络的复合水凝胶。(2)壳聚糖水凝胶。长时间地蒸发过程中容易在太阳能蒸发器表面积累大量盐分，从而限制蒸发器的长久应用。壳聚糖复合碳化钼/碳基水凝胶独特的孔结构使得盐分难以积累堵塞通道，为蒸发器提供了优异的耐盐性能。而且，研究者设计一种一体式三层梯度渐变结构的壳聚糖复合聚吡咯抗菌水凝胶，可以抑制恒温恒湿环境下的细菌滋生。此外，还有将壳聚糖复合碳点、墨鱼汁的高效太阳能蒸发器。(3)海藻酸钠水凝胶。自然界盛开的花朵是一种理想的界面蒸发器结构，研究者以此为启发将海藻酸钠复合碳纳米管凝胶制成花卉仿生蒸发器。海藻酸钠与玉米淀粉、MXene复合水凝胶、海藻酸钠复合稻草纤维-还原氧化石墨烯水凝胶具备高强度与高蒸发速率。海藻酸钠复合聚丙烯酰胺乙炔黑双交联水凝胶蒸发器兼顾强度、除盐与高速率蒸发性能。(4)纤维素水凝胶。纤维素具有良好的除盐能力，研究者们开发了纤维素复合炭黑双层水凝胶、介孔纤维素水凝胶蒸发器。还以木质纤维素水凝胶和木质素衍生碳纳米管分别作为基体和光热材料制备多孔纤维素复合碳纳米管水凝胶，构建了高效、环保、低成本的全木质纤维素基双层水凝胶蒸发器。总结：由于水凝胶独特的三维网络结构以及成本较低、绿色可持续和优异的物理化学性能等优点，水凝胶在界面蒸发领域得到了广泛的应用。但仍然存在诸多问题需要进一步深入研究，如：缺乏对光热蒸发机理的研究、蒸发器的耐盐问题、水凝胶蒸发器的抗污性及耐久性、多功能水凝胶基蒸发器等。在未来的研究中探索优化水凝胶结构，与其他功能材料复合，制造出综合稳定性、抗盐结晶能力、抗菌、自修复、快速输水隔热以及成本低廉于一身的多功能性水凝胶，是水凝胶基太阳能蒸发器实现后续的实用化与规模化应用的发展方向。
- 太阳能蒸发 /
- 水凝胶 /
- 聚乙烯醇 /
- 壳聚糖 /
- 海藻酸钠 /
- 纤维素
Abstract: Solar evaporation technology is considered to be a green and sustainable technology to alleviate water shortage. The substrate, as an important component of the solar evaporator, is a key factor affecting the evaporation efficiency. Hydrogels have become one of the research hotspots due to their wide source and easy preparation. In this paper, the research progress of the hydrogels in solar evaporators is reviewed. Hydrogel substrate materials, such as polyvinyl alcohol, chitosan, sodium alginate and cellulose are mainly introduced. The characteristics and applications of solar evaporators composed of different hydrogels and photothermal materials are analyzed. The corresponding suggestions for the hydrogel as the substrate of solar evaporator are given. It indicates that the fabrication of hydrogel substrate with more efficient contact area, the improvement of salt-resistant, antifouling and antibacterial properties and self-healing ability are important directions for the development of hydrogel-based solar evaporators.
- solar evaporator /
- hydrogels /
- polyvinyl alcohol /
- chitosan /
- sodium alginate /
- cellulose

HTML全文

图 1 各种类型的太阳能蒸发器^[8]

Figure 1. Solar-driven evaporation through various forms of solar heating ^[8]

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图 2 太阳能蒸发器示意图^[26]

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of a solar evaporator ^[26]

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图 3 蒸发器中毛细通道与表面网格^[39]

Figure 3. Capillary channels and surface grids in the evaporator ^[39]

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图 4 双增强网络的复合水凝胶蒸发器示意图^[47]

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of a composite hydrogel evaporator with a double enhanced network ^[47]

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图 5 CPG三层结构示意图^[49]

Figure 5. Schematic of the CPG structure ^[49]

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图 6 花卉仿生凝胶蒸发器示意图^[57]

Figure 6. Schematic diagram of a flower biomimetic gel vaporizer ^[57]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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