曲面结构经编多轴向玻璃纤维复合材料制备及弯曲性能

徐海南; 刘策; 杨金伟; 高晓平

曲面结构经编多轴向玻璃纤维复合材料制备及弯曲性能

内蒙古工业大学　轻工与纺织学院, 呼和浩特 010080

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(51765051)；内蒙古自然科学基金(2021 MS01010)

详细信息

通讯作者:
高晓平，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为复合材料改性及力学性能研究，复合材料工程应用　E-mail: gaoxp@imut.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB332
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-25
- 修回日期: 2022-10-17
- 录用日期: 2022-10-28
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-09
- 刊出日期: 2023-08-15

Preparation and bending properties of curved structure composite reinforced with multi-axial warp-knitted glass fabric

College of Light Industry and Textiles, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010080, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China(51765051)；Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(2021 MS01010)

摘要

摘要: 曲面结构复合材料以其轻质高强、造型与功能的多样化、快速施工建造等特点，在各类大型建筑上得到广泛应用。由于室外建筑物需常年承受较大的风雨雪等荷载和结构自重，对其弯曲性能提出严格要求。多轴向经编玻璃纤维织物具有良好的贴服性、渗透性及弯曲特性，适合制备曲面异形结构件。本文采用3D打印技术制备曲面结构模具，分别以双轴向和四轴向经编玻璃纤维织物为增强体，以环氧树脂与固化剂的混合胶液为基体，基于真空辅助成型(VARTM)工艺分别制备平板结构和曲面结构复合材料试样。实验分析了2种增强体结构(双轴向和四轴向织物)、沿不同方向(0°和 90°)复合材料试样弯曲性能。在此基础上，依托实际工程背景，根据曲面结构建筑穹顶的受力，分析受力机理，曲率半径对曲面复合材料破坏机理与损伤形貌的影响。基于准静态压痕试验试验，分析2种增强体铺层结构、3种曲率半径(80mm、150mm、260mm)对曲面结构复合材料准静态压痕特性的影响，应用高倍显微镜观察试样断裂形貌特征和分析损伤演化。实验结果为多轴向复合材料在曲面结构建筑穹顶应用提供一定借鉴。研究内容示意图
- 多轴向经编复合材料 /
- 曲面结构 /
- 真空辅助成型工艺 /
- 弯曲强度 /
- 应变特性
Abstract: Biaxial warp-knitted glass fabric and quadriaxial warp-knitted glass fabric were used as reinforcement, respectively. The flat and curved structure samples were prepared by applying the vacuum assisted resin transfer molding process. The bending behavior and quasi-static indentation characteristics of composite specimen were experimentally tested, and the influence of the reinforcement structure on the bending behavior of the composite in 0° and 90° directions was analyzed. On this basis, the influences of the reinforcement structure and the radius of curvature of the sample on the quasi-static indentation characteristics were also analyzed. Results show that the equivalent bending strength of the composite reinforced with biaxial warp-knitted fabric in 0° and 90° directions increase by 94.74% and 98.37%, respectively in comparison with that of the quadriaxial warp-knitted fabric, and the maximum fracture strain of the quadriaxial warp-knitted fabric in 0° and 90° directions are 1.9 times and 2.4 times that of the biaxial warp-knitted fabric. When the curvature radius of biaxial composite is 260 mm and the curvature radius of quadriaxial composite is 150 mm, the bending strength of the two materials are optimal. When the curvature radius of biaxial composite is 150 mm and the curvature radius of quadriaxial composite is 80 mm, the fracture strain of the two composites are optimal. The experimental results will provide guidance for application of curved structure composite in various large outdoor building domes.
- multi-axial warp-knitted composite /
- curved structures /
- vacuum assisted resin transform molding process /
- bending strength /
- strain characteristics

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图 1 多轴向经编玻璃纤维织物

Figure 1. Multi-axial warp-knitted fabric

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图 2 曲面模具示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of curved-surface mould

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图 3 准静态压痕测试试样

Figure 3. Quasi-static indentation test specimen

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图 4 三点弯曲示意图及试验

Figure 4. Three point bending diagram and test

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图 5 准静态压痕测试设备及试样

Figure 5. Quasi-static indentation test equipment and specimens

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图 6 经编多轴向玻璃纤维复合材料沿不同方向弯曲应力-应变曲线

Figure 6. Bending stress-strain curves of composite reinforced with multi-axial warp-knitted glass fabric in different direction

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图 7 经编多轴向玻璃纤维复合材料弯曲失效示意图

Figure 7. Bending failure diagram of composite reinforced with multi-axial warp-knitted glass fabric

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图 8 不同曲率经编多轴向玻璃纤维复合材料载荷-位移曲线

Figure 8. Load-displacement curves of composite reinforced with multi-axial warp-knitted glass fabric with different curvature

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图 9 曲面结构经编多轴向玻璃纤维复合材料失效实物图

Figure 9. Physical failure diagram of curved structure composite reinforced with multi-axial warp-knitted glass fabric

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图 10 曲面结构经编多轴向玻璃纤维复合材料压痕损伤示意图

Figure 10. Indentation damage of curved structure composite reinforced with multi-axial warp-knitted glass fabric

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表 1 多轴向玻璃纤维经编织物基本参数

Table 1. Basic parameters of multi-axial warp-knitted fabric

Fabric structure	Axial/(°)	Linear density/tex	Layer number	Weaving density/(yarn·10 cm⁻¹)	Surface density /(g·m⁻²)	Thickness/mm
Biaxial	0°	2400	2	27	1200	1
Biaxial	90°	1500	2	22	1200	1
Quadriaxial	0°	600	3	39	800	0.7
	45°	300		55
	90°	300		55
	−45°	300		40

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表 2 复合材料试样及性能测试

Table 2. Composite material specimens and performance tests

Specimen structure	Fabric structure	Test direction	Type of test
Flat	Biaxial	0°/90°	Bending properity
Flat	Quadriaxial	0°/90°	Bending properity
Curved	Biaxial	-	Quasi-static indentation
Curved	Quadriaxial	-	Quasi-static indentation

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表 3 弯曲试样实际尺寸

Table 3. Actual size of bending sample

Specimen	Test direction	Average width/mm	Average thickness/mm	Average span/mm
Biaxial	0°	12.79	3.20	51.20
Biaxial	90°	12.63	3.17	50.72
Quadriaxial	0°	12.85	2.98	47.68
Quadriaxial	90°	12.71	3.06	48.96

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表 4 准静态压痕测试试件参数

Table 4. Quasi-static indentation test specimen parameters

Symbol	Designation	Value/mm
a	Length	75±1
b	Width	75±1
c	Half Length	40±0.5
d	Diameter	50±1
e	Thickness	15±1

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表 5 经编多轴向玻璃纤维复合材料试样灼烧前后的质量、体积和纤维体积分数

Table 5. Volume, weight before and after burning and fiber volume fractions of composite reinforced with multi-axial warp-knitted glass fabric

Specimen	Specimen volume/cm³	Specimen weight/g	Weight after burning/g	Matrix weight /g	Fiber volume fraction/％
Biaxial	1.482	3.217	2.402	0.815	56.68
Quadriaxial	1.468	3.196	2.235	0.961	50.80

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表 6 经编多轴向玻璃纤维复合材料弯曲性能参数

Table 6. Parameters of bending performance of composite reinforced with multi-axial warp-knitted glass fabric

Specimen	Direction/ (°)	Maximum load/N	Maximum strain/%	Bending strength/MPa	Bending modulus/GPa	Equivalent strength/MPa	Equivalent modulus/GPa
Biaxial	0	1255.59	2.78	741.49	32.89	588.69	26.11
Biaxial	90	729.58	2.10	430.85	29.98	342.07	23.80
Quadriaxial	0	541.75	5.27	341.26	9.42	302.30	8.34
Quadriaxial	90	329.64	4.99	194.67	5.54	172.44	4.91

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表 7 曲面结构经编多轴向玻璃纤维复合材料准静态压痕实验结果

Table 7. Results of quasi-static indentation experiment of curved structure composite reinforced with multi-axial warp-knitted glass fabric

Specimen	Curvature radius/mm	Maximum displacement/mm	Maximum load/N
Biaxial	80	5.75	2431.3
	150	7.61	8462.5
	260	6.59	10587.5
Quadriaxial	80	9.81	3337.5
	150	7.73	5250.0
	260	4.70	5150.0

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