Preparation and properties of polyvinyl alcohol-carbon black/hollow sphere foam sound absorption composites
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摘要:
空心球泡沫多孔材料以其丰富、环保、成本低、易加工成型、吸声性能优异等优点，在吸声降噪领域吸引了越来越多的研究。但由于多孔材料对低频声波的吸收能力有限，导致其低频范围吸声性能不佳，严重阻碍了它的实际应用。本文通过将粉煤灰空心球与水玻璃等原料在模具中经两次固化成型制备得到空心球泡沫多孔材料，再通过真空浸渍、热干燥或冷冻干燥等方法在多孔材料中引入柔性聚乙烯醇-炭黑(PVA-C)第二相，制备了一种刚性-柔性复合材料 (PVA-C/空心球泡沫)，引入PVA-C复合薄膜不仅可以产生粘弹性薄膜固有的阻尼特性，除了增加摩擦和复合薄膜界面之间的声波耗散之外，薄膜的振动也进一步损耗声波能量。结果表明所制备的多孔复合吸声材料的抗压强度达到1.65 MPa，吸声性能在低频100-1000 Hz提高了35.2%，降噪系数达到0.523，提高了10.1%。通过在刚性吸声体中引入柔性第二相材料，强化低频吸收，有效提高了多孔材料的低频波段吸声性能。 (a)不同比例PVA-C/空心球泡沫多孔复合材料的吸声性能(热干燥)，(b)多孔材料基体与两种干燥处理(HD热干燥，FD冷冻干燥)后多孔复合材料的吸声性能 Abstract: Noise pollution greatly affects human mental and physical health. Porous sound absorption materials usually perform well in middle and high frequency bands, but improvement still needs in low frequency bands. In this work, hollow sphere foam matrix were prepared with fly-ash hollow sphere and sodium silicate as the raw materials firstly. Subsequently, flexible polyvinyl alcohol-carbon black (PVA-C) composite was introduced into the porous matrix through vacuum impregnation and ordinary heat drying or freeze drying process to obtain PVA-C/hollow sphere foam composites. The results show that the compressive strength of the obtained porous composite is more than 1.65 MPa. The sound absorption performance is improved by 35.2% in the range of 100-1000 Hz, compared with the hollow sphere foam matrix. The noise reduction coefficient reaches 0.523, which is increased by 10.1%. The results of the study provide a basis for the improvement of sound absorption performance and practical application of porous sound absorbing materials. -
图 1 PVA∶C不同比例分散液的光学显微镜照片：(a) 5∶1；(b) 10∶1；(c) 20∶1；(d) 50∶1；(e) PVA-C复合薄膜与PVA-C悬浮液照片
Figure 1. Optical microscope photographs of dispersions with different PVA∶C ratios: (a) 5∶1; (b) 10∶1; (c) 20∶1; (d) 50∶1; (e) Photographs of PVA-C film and dispersions
图 2 多孔材料基体((a), (b))、普通热干燥((c), (d))和冷冻干燥((e), (f))处理后附着在基体内孔壁的PVA-C (10∶1)复合薄膜的SEM图像
Figure 2. SEM images of porous matrix ((a), (b)), PVA-C (10∶1) composite film adhered to the innerwall of the matrix pore after heat treatment ((c), (d)) and freeze drying ((e), (f))
图 5 不同PVA-C复合薄膜的TG分析曲线(a)及其局部放大图(b)
Figure 5. (a) TG analysis curves of different PVA-C composite films and (b) partial enlarged figure
图 6 不同PVA∶C比例下空心球泡沫多孔复合材料的吸声系数曲线(热干燥) (a)和曲线的局部放大图 (b)
Figure 6. Sound absorption coefficients of porous composites with different PVA∶C ratios obtianed by heating drying (a) and its partial enlarged figure (b)
图 7 多孔材料基体与两种干燥方法处理后所得PVA-C/空心球泡沫多孔复合材料的吸声系数曲线(a)和曲线的局部放大图 (b)
Figure 7. Sound absorption coefficients of porous marix and PVA-C/hollow sphere foam composites obtained by two different drying methods (a) and its partial enlarged figure (b)
图 8 3种多孔吸声材料声波传播示意图
Figure 8. Schematic diagram of sound wave propagation of three porous sound absorbing materials
图 9 近年来文献报道的多孔吸声材料吸声性能比较：(a) 不同试样厚度与500 Hz处吸声系数对应关系；(b) 不同试样厚度与降噪系数对应关系[28, 34-55]
Figure 9. Comparison of the sound absorption properties of porous materials reported in recent work: (a) Sound absorption coefficient of samples with different thicknesses at 500 Hz; (b) Noise reduction coefficient of samples withdifferent thicknesses[28, 34-55]
图 10 三种不同多孔吸声材料的应力-应变曲线
Figure 10. Stress-strain curves of three different porous sound absorbing materials
Name Manufacturers Pecification Fly-ash Zhengzhou Haoda Primary fly ash, Partical size
(600-800 μm)Sodium silicate Dewang chemical Modules2.0-3.5 Na2CO3 Aladdin 99.5% Na2B4O7 Aladdin 99.5% NaOH Aladdin 98% Polypropylene fiber Huixiang fiber Length(2-3 mm) Carbon black (C) Jinli chemical nanoscale Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) Aladdin 1788，AR BYK180 BYK AR PVP Shanghai Wokai Reagent AR，K30 
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表 1 不同PVA∶C比例的多孔复合材料平均吸声系数α和降噪系数NRC的比较
Table 1. Comparison of average sound absorption coefficient α and NRC of porous composites with different PVA∶C ratios
Sample α100-1000 Hz α1000-6300 Hz NRC HSFS 0.304 0.668 0.475 HSFS-HD (5∶1) 0.353 0.687 0.519 HSFS-HD (10∶1) 0.341 0.729 0.521 HSFS-HD (20∶1) 0.327 0.672 0.486 HSFS-HD (50∶1) 0.327 0.653 0.485 HSFS-FD 0.411 0.652 0.523 Notes: α100-1000 Hz—Average sound absorption coefficient in the 100-1000 Hz frequency;
α1000-6300 Hz—Average sound absorption coefficient in the 1000-6300 Hz frequency; NRC—Noise reduction coefficient of the sample.
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表 2 近年来文献报道的多孔吸声材料抗压强度比较
Table 2. Comparison of the compressive strength of porous sound-absorbing materials reported in recent works
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