Preparation and properties of polyvinyl alcohol-carbon black/hollow sphere foam sound absorption composites
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摘要: 噪声污染影响人类心理和生理健康。多孔材料在中高频段吸声性能较好，但在低频段较差。本文以粉煤灰空心球和水玻璃等为原料，采用两次固化成型工艺制备了空心球泡沫多孔基体材料，再通过真空浸渍、普通热干燥或冷冻干燥等方法在多孔材料中引入柔性聚乙烯醇-炭黑(PVA-C)第二相，最终制得了PVA-C/空心球泡沫复合吸声材料。结果表明：所制备的多孔复合吸声材料的抗压强度达到1.65 MPa，吸声性能相比空心球泡沫多孔材料基体在低频100~1000 Hz提高了35.2%，降噪系数达到0.523，提高了10.1%。研究结果为多孔吸声材料的吸声性能改善和实际应用提供了依据。Abstract: Noise pollution greatly affects human mental and physical health. Porous sound absorption materials usually perform well in middle and high frequency bands, but improvement still needs in low frequency bands. In this work, hollow sphere foam matrix were prepared with fly-ash hollow sphere and sodium silicate as the raw materials firstly. Subsequently, flexible polyvinyl alcohol-carbon black (PVA-C) composite was introduced into the porous matrix through vacuum impregnation and ordinary heat drying or freeze drying process to obtain PVA-C/hollow sphere foam composites. The results show that the compressive strength of the obtained porous composite is more than 1.65 MPa. The sound absorption performance is improved by 35.2% in the range of 100-1000 Hz, compared with the hollow sphere foam matrix. The noise reduction coefficient reaches 0.523, which is increased by 10.1%. The results of the study provide a basis for the improvement of sound absorption performance and practical application of porous sound absorbing materials.
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图 1 PVA∶C不同比例分散液的光学显微镜照片：(a) 5∶1；(b) 10∶1；(c) 20∶1；(d) 50∶1；(e) PVA-C复合薄膜与PVA-C悬浮液照片
Figure 1. Optical microscope photographs of dispersions with different PVA∶C ratios: (a) 5∶1; (b) 10∶1; (c) 20∶1; (d) 50∶1; (e) Photographs of PVA-C film and dispersions
图 2 多孔材料基体((a), (b))、普通热干燥((c), (d))和冷冻干燥((e), (f))处理后附着在基体内孔壁的PVA-C (10∶1)复合薄膜的SEM图像
Figure 2. SEM images of porous matrix ((a), (b)), PVA-C (10∶1) composite film adhered to the innerwall of the matrix pore after heat treatment ((c), (d)) and freeze drying ((e), (f))
图 5 不同PVA-C复合薄膜的TG分析曲线(a)及其局部放大图(b)
Figure 5. TG analysis curves (a) of different PVA-C composite films and partial enlarged figure (b)
图 6 不同PVA∶C比例下空心球泡沫多孔复合材料的吸声系数曲线(热干燥) (a)和曲线的局部放大图 (b)
Figure 6. Sound absorption coefficients of porous composites with different PVA∶C ratios obtianed by heating drying (a) and its partial enlarged figure (b)
图 7 多孔材料基体与两种干燥方法处理后所得PVA-C/空心球泡沫多孔复合材料的吸声系数曲线(a)和曲线的局部放大图 (b)
Figure 7. Sound absorption coefficients of porous marix and PVA-C/hollow sphere foam composites obtained by two different drying methods (a) and its partial enlarged figure (b)
图 8 3种多孔吸声材料声波传播示意图
Figure 8. Schematic diagram of sound wave propagation of three porous sound absorbing materials
图 9 近年来文献报道的多孔吸声材料吸声性能比较：(a) 不同试样厚度与500 Hz处吸声系数对应关系；(b) 不同试样厚度与降噪系数对应关系[28, 34-55]
Figure 9. Comparison of the sound absorption properties of porous materials reported in recent work: (a) Sound absorption coefficient of samples with different thicknesses at 500 Hz; (b) Noise reduction coefficient of samples withdifferent thicknesses[28, 34-55]
图 10 三种不同多孔吸声材料的应力-应变曲线
Figure 10. Stress-strain curves of three different porous sound absorbing materials
表 1 样品名称及制备方法
Table 1. Sample name and preparation method
Sample Preparation method HSFS Hollow spherical foam porous materials HSFS-HD HSFS impregnated with polyvinyl alcohol-carbon black (PVA-C) suspension is heat-dried (HD) at 80℃ for 6 h HSFS-FD HSFS impregnated with PVA-C suspension is freeze-dried (FD) at 80℃ for 48 h PVA-C composite film PVA-C suspension dried on glass substrate at 80℃ for 4 h 
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表 2 不同PVA∶C比例的多孔复合材料平均吸声系数α和降噪系数NRC的比较
Table 2. Comparison of average sound absorption coefficient α and NRC of porous composites with different PVA∶C ratios
Sample α100-1000 Hz α1000-6300 Hz NRC HSFS 0.304 0.668 0.475 HSFS-HD (5∶1) 0.353 0.687 0.519 HSFS-HD (10∶1) 0.341 0.729 0.521 HSFS-HD (20∶1) 0.327 0.672 0.486 HSFS-HD (50∶1) 0.327 0.653 0.485 HSFS-FD 0.411 0.652 0.523 Notes: α100-1000 Hz—Average sound absorption coefficient in the 100-1000 Hz frequency;
α1000-6300 Hz—Average sound absorption coefficient in the 1000-6300 Hz frequency; NRC—Noise reduction coefficient of the sample.
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表 3 近年来文献报道的多孔吸声材料抗压强度比较
Table 3. Comparison of the compressive strength of porous sound-absorbing materials reported in recent works
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