陶瓷复合装甲优化设计及弹击后剩余弯曲强度

陈智勇; 徐颖强; 李妙玲; 李彬; 肖立; 宋伟志

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220214.001

陶瓷复合装甲优化设计及弹击后剩余弯曲强度

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220214.001

陈智勇^{1, 2},
徐颖强^1, ,,
李妙玲²,
李彬²,
肖立¹,
宋伟志²

1.
西北工业大学　机电学院，西安 710072
2.
洛阳理工学院　智能制造学院，洛阳 471023

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFB2010200)；河南省科技攻关项目(212102210284；212102210588；222102220021)；河南省高等学校重点科研项目(21A110016)

详细信息

通讯作者:
徐颖强，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为新型车辆先进技术　E-mail: xuyngqng@nwpu.edu.cn

中图分类号: V259;TJ810.38
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-12-27
- 修回日期: 2022-01-16
- 录用日期: 2022-01-22
- 网络出版日期: 2022-02-14
- 刊出日期: 2023-01-15

Optimum design of ceramic composite armor and residual bending strength after projectile impact

1.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
2.
School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China

Funds: National Key R & D Program (2020YFB2010200); Key Scientific and Technological projects in Henan Province (212102210284; 212102210588; 2221022220021); Key Scientific Research Projects of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province (21A110016)

摘要

摘要: 根据防护要求和防护机制，设计了一种C/C-SiC陶瓷/铝基复合泡沫复合装甲。在确保复合装甲面密度为44 kg/m²的前提下，以弹击后剩余弯曲强度为评价标准，以陶瓷板布置位置、各组成层厚度、泡沫金属中泡沫孔径尺寸为研究因素，设计了三因素三水平的正交模拟优化方案，利用有限元软件ABAQUS模拟了子弹侵彻陶瓷靶板的过程及弹击损伤后复合装甲的弯曲实验过程，预测了剩余弯曲强度，并进行了结构优化。根据数值模拟结果制备陶瓷复合装甲试样，进行实弹打靶和弯曲实验以验证复合装甲试样剩余弯曲强度。结果表明，以MIL-A-46103E III类2A级为防护标准，剩余弯曲强度最高的陶瓷复合装甲最优化结构形式为：陶瓷板厚度12 mm、陶瓷板做防弹面板、Al基复合泡沫孔径为4 mm+10 mm的混合；对剩余弯曲强度的主次影响因素排序为：陶瓷板厚度＞陶瓷板布置位置＞Al基复合泡沫孔径。
- C/C-SiC 陶瓷 /
- 金属基复合材料 /
- 复合装甲 /
- 剩余强度 /
- 有限元分析
Abstract: According to the protection requirements and protection mechanism, a C/C-SiC ceramic/Al-based foam metal composite armour was designed. Under the premise that the surface density of the composite armor was ensured to be 44 kg/m², the residual bending strength after bullet's striking was used as the evaluation standard. The arranged position of the ceramic plate, the thickness of each bulletproof layer and the pore size in the foam metal were the research factors. The orthogonal simulation optimization scheme of three factors and three levels was designed. The numerical simulation of bullet penetration into the ceramic target plates and compression experiment of the composite armors with ballistic damage was carried out by using the finite element software ABAQUS. The residual bending strength of the designed composite armors was predicted and the structure was optimized. The ceramic composite armor samples were prepared according to the numerical simulation results, and the live shooting and bending experiments were carried out to verify their residual bending strength. The results show that the optimum structural form of the ceramic composite armor with the highest residual bending strength based on the MIL-A-46103E protection standard class III 2A is: The thickness of ceramic plate is 12 mm, the ceramic plate is laid out on the bulletproof surface, and the Al-based composite foam has a mixed pore size of 4 mm+10 mm. The order of primary and secondary factors affecting residual bending strength is: Ceramic plate thickness > ceramic plate location > Al-based composite foam pore size.
- C/C-SiC ceramics /
- metal matrix composites /
- composite armor /
- residual strength /
- finite element analysis

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图 1 陶瓷复合装甲结构示意图

Figure 1. Structural diagram of ceramic composite armor

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图 2 子弹侵彻靶板有限元模型

Figure 2. Finite element model of bullet penetrating target

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图 3 子弹侵彻C/C-SiC陶瓷/铝基复合泡沫复合装甲靶板应力波传递过程

Figure 3. Stress wave transmission process of bullet penetrating C/C-SiC ceramic/Al-based foam metal composite armour target

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图 4 方案1中子弹侵彻C/C-SiC陶瓷/铝基复合泡沫复合装甲靶板后应力云图

Figure 4. Stress nephogram after bullet penetrating C/C-SiC ceramic/Al-based foam metal composite armour target in scheme 1

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图 5 方案1中子弹侵彻C/C-SiC陶瓷/铝基复合泡沫复合装甲靶板速度-时间历程曲线

Figure 5. Velocity-time history curve of bullet penetrating C/C-SiC ceramic/Al-based foam metal composite armour target in scheme 1

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图 6 C/C-SiC陶瓷/铝基复合泡沫复合装甲靶板弯曲破损后应力云图

Figure 6. Stress nephogram of C/C-SiC ceramic/Al-based foam metal composite armour target after bending and damage

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图 7 弹击后C/C-SiC陶瓷/铝基复合泡沫复合装甲靶板被弯曲过程中载荷-时间历程曲线

Figure 7. Load-time history curves of C/C-SiC ceramic/Al-based foam metal composite armour target bending after projectile impact

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图 8 未涂层的C/C-SiC陶瓷防弹面板

Figure 8. Uncoated C/C-SiC ceramic bulletproof panel

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图 9 空心陶瓷球预制体

Figure 9. Hollow ceramic ball preform

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图 10 碳化后的空心陶瓷球

Figure 10. Carbonized hollow ceramic ball

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图 11 石墨模具

Figure 11. Graphite mould

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图 12 未清理破碎空心陶瓷球的金属基复合泡沫试样

Figure 12. Metal matrix composite foam for unbroken hollow ceramic balls

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图 13 覆盖止裂层的陶瓷复合装甲

Figure 13. Ceramic composite armor covered with crack arrest layer

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图 14 弯曲载荷作用下C/C-SiC陶瓷/铝基复合泡沫复合装甲靶板的形态

Figure 14. Shape of C/C-SiC ceramic/Al-based foam metal composite armour target under bending load

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图 15 弹击后C/C-SiC陶瓷/铝基复合泡沫复合装甲靶板

Figure 15. C/C-SiC ceramic/Al-based foam metal composite armour target after projectile impact

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图 16 C/C-SiC陶瓷/铝基复合泡沫复合装甲靶板弹坑形貌

Figure 16. Crater morphology of C/C-SiC ceramic/Al-based foam metal composite armour target

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图 17 C/C-SiC陶瓷/铝基复合泡沫复合装甲靶板弯曲破坏形貌

Figure 17. Bending failure morphologies of C/C-SiC ceramic/Al-based foam metal composite armour target

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图 18 C/C-SiC陶瓷/铝基复合泡沫复合装甲靶板弯曲力-位移曲线

Figure 18. Bending force-displacement curves of C/C-SiC ceramic/Al-based foam metal composite armour target

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表 1 陶瓷板及对应金属(Al)基复合泡沫板厚度取值

Table 1. Thickness of ceramic plate and corresponding metal (Al) based composite foam board

Material category	Density/(g·cm⁻³)	Thickness /mm
C/C-SiC ceramics	1.980	8	10	12
Al-based foam metal ( Aperture 4 mm)	1.286	21.9	18.8	15.7
Al-based foam metal ( Aperture 10 mm)	1.286	21.9	18.8	15.7
Al-based foam metal ( Aperture 4 mm+10 mm)	1.253	22.5	19.3	16.2

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表 2 正交模拟设计方案

Table 2. Orthogonal simulation design scheme

Scheme	Ceramic plate layout position (A)	Thickness of ceramic plate (B)/mm	Al-based foam metal aperture (C)/mm
1	Bulletproof panel	8	4
2	Bulletproof panel	10	10
3	Bulletproof panel	12	4+10 blend
4	Bulletproof back plate	10	4+10 blend
5	Bulletproof back plate	12	4
6	Bulletproof back plate	8	10
7	Intermediate interlayer	12	10
8	Intermediate interlayer	8	4+10 blend
9	Intermediate interlayer	10	4

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表 3 C/C-SiC陶瓷/铝基复合泡沫复合装甲靶板剩余弯曲强度数值模拟结果

Table 3. Numerical simulation results of residual bending strength of C/C-SiC ceramic/Al-based foam metal composite armour target

Scheme	Ceramic plate layout position (A)	Thickness of ceramic plate (B)/mm	Al-based foam metal aperture (C)/mm	Fulcrum distance/ mm	Stressed section area/mm²	Simulated value of residual bending strength
Scheme	Ceramic plate layout position (A)	Thickness of ceramic plate (B)/mm	Al-based foam metal aperture (C)/mm	Fulcrum distance/ mm	Stressed section area/mm²	Maximum load/kN	Residual bending strength/MPa
1	Bulletproof panel	8	4	180	210×29.9	6.21	8.93
2	Bulletproof panel	10	10	180	210×28.8	6.11	9.47
3	Bulletproof panel	12	4+10 blend	180	210×28.2	6.70	10.83
4	Bulletproof back plate	10	4+10 blend	180	210×29.3	6.12	9.17
5	Bulletproof back plate	12	4	180	210×27.7	5.19	8.70
6	Bulletproof back plate	8	10	180	210×29.9	5.86	8.43
7	Intermediate interlayer	12	10	180	210×27.7	5.59	9.37
8	Intermediate interlayer	8	4+10 blend	180	210×30.5	5.81	8.03
9	Intermediate interlayer	10	4	180	210×28.8	6.47	10.03
k₁	9.74	8.47	9.22	—	—	—	—
k₂	8.77	9.56	9.09	—	—	—	—
k₃	9.14	9.63	9.34	—	—	—	—
R_j	0.98	1.16	0.25	—	—	—	—
Notes: k_i=K_i/s, K_i—Sum of corresponding test results when the horizontal number on any column is i; s—Number of occurrences of each level in any column; R(range)—On any column, R=max{k₁, k₂, k₃}−min{k₁, k₂, k₃}.

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表 4 C/C-SiC陶瓷试样性能参数

Table 4. Performance parameters of C/C-SiC ceramic samples

Bulletproof panel	Density/ (g·cm⁻³)	Residual bending strength/ MPa	Tensile strength/ MPa	Fracture toughness/ (MPa·m^1/2)	Vickers hardness/ GPa
C/C-SiC	2.09	468	242	19.5	17.2

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表 5 Al基复合泡沫材料性能参数

Table 5. Performance parameters of Al based composite foams

Bulletproof back plate	Elongation/%	Density/ (kg·m⁻³)	Energy absorption density/(MJ·m⁻³)
Al-based foam metal	8.4	980	30.1

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表 6 防弹测试实验参数

Table 6. Experimental parameters of bulletproof test

Scheme	Sample quality/kg	Sample area density/(kg·m⁻²)	Firing angle/(°)	Warhead speed/(m·s⁻¹)	Shot situation
Scheme	Sample quality/kg	Sample area density/(kg·m⁻²)	Firing angle/(°)	Warhead speed/(m·s⁻¹)	Shot situation
1	1.963	44.51	0	486	No breakdown
2	1.937	43.92	0	487	No breakdown
3	1.954	44.31	0	485	No breakdown

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表 7 C/C-SiC陶瓷/铝基复合泡沫复合装甲靶板剩余弯曲强度实验与数值模拟结果对比

Table 7. Comparison between experimental and numerical simulation results of residual bending strength of C/C-SiC ceramic/Al-based foam metal composite armour target

Scheme	Ceramic plate layout position (A)	Thickness of ceramic plate (B)/ mm	Al-based foam metal aperture (C)/ mm	Fulcrum distance/ mm	Stressed section area/mm²	Simulated value of residual bending strength		Measured value of residual bending strength
Scheme	Ceramic plate layout position (A)	Thickness of ceramic plate (B)/ mm	Al-based foam metal aperture (C)/ mm	Fulcrum distance/ mm	Stressed section area/mm²	Maximum load/ kN	Bending strength/ MPa	Maximum load/ kN	Residual bending strength/ MPa
1	Bulletproof panel	8	4	180	210×29.9	6.21	8.93	5.89	8.47
2	Bulletproof panel	10	10	180	210×28.8	6.11	9.47	6.24	9.67
3	Bulletproof panel	12	4+10 blend	180	210×28.2	6.70	10.83	6.35	10.27

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