NiTip/5052 Al复合材料的制备及其阻尼行为

伍潇; 江鸿杰; 成忠序; 刘崇宇; 刘淑辉

NiTip/5052 Al复合材料的制备及其阻尼行为

桂林理工大学材料科学与工程学院有色金属及材料加工新技术教育部重点实验室, 桂林 541004

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(52061011)；广西自然科学基金(2022GXNSFAA035574)

详细信息

通讯作者:
江鸿杰，博士，副教授，硕士生导师，研究方向为铝合金及其复合材料　E-mail: jhj2014@glut.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB331
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-18
- 修回日期: 2022-09-26
- 录用日期: 2022-10-07
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-03
- 刊出日期: 2023-08-15

Preparation and damping behavior of NiTip/5052 Al composites

Education Ministry Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China(52061011)；Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2022 GXNSFAA035574)

摘要

摘要: 目的随着社会需求的不断提高和工业技术的发展，机械工程领域对铝合金材料的减振降噪性能提出了更高的要求。铝合金通常被认为是低阻尼合金，且不具备低温(150℃以下)阻尼特性，这限制了铝合金在对减振降噪具有高要求的设备与构件上的使用。针对铝合金本征阻尼较低的问题，本文采用搅拌摩擦加工(FSP)技术制备出NiTip/5052Al复合材料，以期利用NiTi颗粒的相变阻尼特征来改善铝基合金的低温阻尼性能。方法将NiTi颗粒加入铝板的预置孔中，再采用龙门式搅拌摩擦焊机对其进行4道次FSP后获得NiTip/5052Al复合材料。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和万能试验机分别对NiTip/5052Al复合材料的微观结构、物相组成和力学性能进行分析。采用差式扫描量热仪(DSC)对样品的相变行为进行测试，研究NiTi颗粒相变特征对NiTip/5052Al复合材料的影响。采用动态热机械分析仪(DMA)在-120~90℃温度范围内测试样品的内耗值和储能模量，并对NiTip/5052Al复合材料的阻尼行为进行研究。结果从本文的研究数据和结果对比分析可以看出，NiTip/5052Al复合材料具备以下几个主要特征：(1)经过FSP后，NiTi颗粒与5052Al基体界面结合良好，未发生界面反应。NiTip/5052Al复合材料具备NiTi合金的马氏体相变特征。(2)NiTip/5052Al复合材料的强度均高于5052Al合金和FSP-5052Al合金，其中as-NiTip/5052Al复合材料的抗拉强度为240MPa，分别比5052Al和FSP-5052Al合金高23.7%和10.1%。NiTip-5052Al复合材料拉伸断口中的NiTi颗粒形貌完整，且呈现出比5052Al合金更细、更均匀的韧窝。(3)NiTip/5052Al复合材料的阻尼性能均明显优于5052Al合金和FSP-5052Al合金，且复合材料均呈现出明显的相变内耗峰。(4)因NiTi颗粒增强相的相变行为不同，as-NiTip/5052Al和550℃-NiTip/5052Al复合材料的相变阻尼峰值温度也存在明显差异。当升温至23℃时，550℃-NiTip/5052Al复合材料的内耗峰值分别比5052Al和FSP-5052Al合金高300%和140%。当升温至33℃时，as-NiTip/5052Al复合材料的内耗峰值分别比5052Al和FSP-5052Al合金高233%和100%。(5)NiTip/5052Al复合材料的储能模量均随着温度和应变的增加而减小，且均高于5052Al合金和FSP-5052Al合金。结论 NiTi颗粒的本征相变特征使得NiTip/5052Al复合材料均呈现出较宽的马氏体相变特征峰。由于NiTi增强颗粒在NiTip/5052Al复合材料基体中的承载作用，使得复合材料的强度高于5052Al和FSP-5052Al合金。as-NiTip/5052Al复合材料的拉伸断口中存在因NiTi颗粒剥落而产生的凹坑以及未被剥离的NiTi颗粒，其基体中存在大量的细小韧窝。NiTi颗粒在相变过程中引发的相变阻尼行为使其复合材料呈现出具有相变特征的内耗峰，使得NiTip/5052Al复合材料的阻尼性能明显优于5052Al和FSP-5052Al合金。FSP过程中的挤压变形作用以及NiTi颗粒和5052Al基体间的热膨胀系数差异，导致复合材料中产生较多的残余应力，有利于改善复合材料的储能模量，使得NiTip/5052Al复合材料的储能模量明显高于5052Al和FSP-5052Al合金。
- NiTi颗粒 /
- 铝基复合材料 /
- 搅拌摩擦加工(FSP) /
- 相变 /
- 阻尼行为
Abstract: With the development of industrial technology, the field of mechanical engineering has put forward higher requirements for the vibration and noise reduction of aluminum alloy materials. In order to solve the problem of low intrinsic damping of aluminum alloy, NiTip/5052Al composites with phase transformation damping characteristics were prepared by friction stir processing (FSP). The microstructure and phase composition of NiTip/5052Al composites were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The phase transformation processes, mechanical properties and damping behaviors of the composites were analyzed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), universal testing machine and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), respectively. The results show that the interfaces between NiTi particles and 5052Al matrix are well bonded after FSP, and no interfacial reaction occurs. The NiTip/5052Al composites have martensitic transformation characteristics of NiTi alloy. The strength of NiTip/5052Al composites are higher than 5052Al and FSP-5052Al alloy. The tensile strength of as-NiTip/5052Al composite is 240 MPa, which is 23.7% and 10.1% higher than 5052Al and FSP-5052Al alloy, respectively. The damping properties of NiTip/5052Al composites are significantly better than 5052Al alloy and FSP-5052Al alloy, and the composites exhibit significant phase transformation internal friction peaks. When the temperature rises to 23℃, the internal friction peak of 550℃-NiTip /5052Al composite is 300% and 140% higher than 5052Al and FSP-5052Al alloys, respectively. When the temperature rises to 33℃, the internal friction peak of as-NiTip/5052Al composite is 233% and 100% higher than 5052Al and FSP-5052Al alloys, respectively. The storage modulus of NiTip/5052Al composites decrease with increasing temperature and strain, and their storage modulus are higher than 5052Al alloy and FSP-5052Al alloy.
- NiTi particles /
- aluminum matrix composites /
- friction stir processing(FSP) /
- phase transformation /
- damping behavior

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图 1 搅拌摩擦加工NiTip/5052 Al复合材料示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of FSP preparation NiTip/5052 Al composites

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图 2 NiTip/5052Al复合材料的SEM图: (a) NiTi颗粒和NiTip/5052Al复合材料; (b) 图(a)的局部放大图; (c) 图(b)的面扫描图; (d) NiTi颗粒与铝基体界面处的线扫描图

Figure 2. SEM images of NiTip/5052Al composites: (a) NiTi particles and NiTip/5052Al composites; (b) high magnification image of (a); (c) face scanning images of (b); (d) line scanning image at the interface between NiTi particle and Al matrix

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图 3 5052 Al合金、NiTi颗粒和NiTip/5052 Al复合材料的XRD图

Figure 3. XRD images of 5052 Al alloy、NiTi particles and NiTip/5052 Al composites

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图 4 NiTi颗粒(a)和NiTip/5052 Al复合材料(b)的DSC曲线图

Figure 4. DSC graphs of NiTi particles (a) and NiTip/5052 Al composites (b)

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图 5 5052 Al合金和NiTip/5052 Al复合材料的应力-应变曲线

Figure 5. Stress-strain curves of 5052 Al alloy and NiTip/5052 Al composites

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图 6 拉伸断口形貌图: (a) 5052Al; (b) FSP-5052Al; (c) as-NiTip/5052Al复合材料; (d)为(c)中局部区域放大图

Figure 6. The tensile fracture morphology: (a) 5052Al; (b) FSP-5052Al; (c) as-NiTip/5052Al composites; (d) high magnification image of (c)

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图 7 5052Al合金和NiTip/5052Al复合材料的温度-内耗曲线: (a)降温过程; (b)升温过程

Figure 7. Temperature-internal friction curves of 5052Al alloy and NiTip/5052Al composites: (a) cooling process; (b) heating process

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图 8 5052 Al合金和NiTip/5052 Al复合材料的应变-内耗曲线

Figure 8. Strain-internal friction curve of 5052 Al alloy and NiTip/5052 Al composites

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图 9 5052 Al合金和NiTip/5052 Al复合材料的储能模量测试曲线: (a)温度-储能模量曲线; (b)应变-储能模量曲线

Figure 9. Storage modulus test curves of 5052 Al alloy and NiTip/5052 Al composites: (a) temperature-storage modulus curve; (b) strain -storage modulus curve

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表 1 5052 Al的标称化学成分(质量分数 %)

Table 1. Nominal chemical composition of 5052 Al (wt. %)

Mg	Fe	Si	Cr	Cu	Mn	Zn	Al
2.2-2.8	0.4	0.25	0.15-0.35	0.1	0.1	0.1	Bal.

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表 2 NiTi颗粒和NiTip/5052Al复合材料的相变峰值温度

Table 2. Phase transformation peak temperatures of NiTi particles and NiTip/5052Al composites

	Ap/℃	Rp/℃	Mp/℃
as-NiTip	19.7	5	−23
550℃-NiTip	14.1	—	−14.2
as-NiTip/5052Al	21.5	—	−22.7
550℃-NiTip/5052Al	12	—	−24.7
Notes：Ap, Rp and Mp represent the peak temperatures of B19'→B2, B2→R and B2→B19' phase transition respectively, the peak temperature of R→B19' phase transition is also expressed by Mp.

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