Preparation of mussel-inspired porous magnetic materials for application in immobilized lipase
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摘要: 本研究制备了一种以磁性壳聚糖为基材的多孔复合材料，通过在其表面涂覆聚多巴胺涂层替代传统的交联剂，用于脂肪酶的固定化研究。该材料具有优异的孔结构和较大的比表面积，孔容积可达0.6028 mL/g，比表面积可达106.8239 m2/g，经优化后固定化脂肪酶的酶活可达7392.91±121.22 U/g-载体。进一步探究了固定化酶的酶学性质，得到最佳反应温度为50 ℃，最佳反应pH为7.0，制备的固定化酶具有优异的热稳定性和pH稳定性，经过5次循环使用后，该固定化酶可以保持80%以上的初始酶活，经过10次循环使用后仍能保持52%的初始酶活。最后，将固定化酶应用于生物柴油转化并优化了相关工艺参数。Abstract: In this study, a porous composite material based on magnetic chitosan was prepared for lipase immobilization by applying a polydopamine coating on its surface instead of the traditional cross-linking agent. The material had excellent pore structure and large specific surface area, with a pore volume of 0.6028 mL/g and a specific surface area of 106.8239 m2/g, and the highest enzyme activity of the immobilized lipase could reach up to 7392.91±121.22 U/g-carrier. In addition, the enzymatic properties of the immobilized enzyme were investigated, and the optimal reaction temperature and pH were 50 ℃ and 7.0, respectively. Furthermore, the prepared immobilized enzyme exhibited good thermal and pH stabilities, and could maintain above 80% of the initial enzyme activity by the immobilized enzyme after five cycles of reuse, while 52% of the initial enzyme activity could be still maintained after ten cycles of reuse. Finally, the immobilized enzyme was applied in biodiesel conversion and the process was optimized.
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Key words:
- Magnetic materials /
- Mussel-inspired /
- Lipase /
- Enzymatic properties /
- Biodiesel conversion
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图 1 Fe3O4(a)、Cs-Fe3O4(b)和聚多巴胺(PDA)-Cs-Fe3O4(c)的扫描电镜图及能谱图，Fe3O4(d)和PDA-Cs-Fe3O4(e)的透射电镜图
Figure 1. SEM and EDS images of Fe3O4 (a), Cs-Fe3O4 (b) and polydopamine (PDA)-Cs-Fe3O4 (c), TEM images of Fe3O4(d) and PDA-Cs-Fe3O4(e)
图 2 Fe3O4、Cs-Fe3O4、PDA-Cs-Fe3O4和Lip-PDA-Cs-Fe3O4的红外光谱图
Figure 2. FTIR spectra of Fe3O4, Cs-Fe3O4, PDA-Cs-Fe3O4 and Lip-PDA-Cs-Fe3O4
图 4 Fe3O4、Lip-PDA-Cs-Fe3O4的磁滞回线图谱
Figure 4. Hysteresis loop spectra of Fe3O4 and Lip-PDA-Cs-Fe3O4
图 5 固定化温度对Lip-PDA-Cs-Fe3O4酶活的影响
Figure 5. Effect of immobilized temperature on the activity of Lip-PDA-Cs-Fe3O4
图 6 固定化时间对Lip-PDA-Cs-Fe3O4酶活的影响
Figure 6. Effect of immobilized time on the activity of Lip-PDA-Cs-Fe3O4
图 7 固定化pH对Lip-PDA-Cs-Fe3O4酶活的影响
Figure 7. Effect of immobilized pH on the activity of Lip-PDA-Cs-Fe3O4
图 8 初始酶浓度对Lip-PDA-Cs-Fe3O4酶活的影响
Figure 8. Effect of initial enzyme concentration on the activity of Lip-PDA-Cs-Fe3O4
图 9 游离酶与Lip-PDA-Cs-Fe3O4的最佳反应温度
Figure 9. Optimal reaction temperature of free enzyme and Lip-PDA-Cs-Fe3O4
图 10 游离酶与Lip-PDA-Cs-Fe3O4的热稳定性
Figure 10. Thermal stability of free enzyme and Lip-PDA-Cs-Fe3O4
图 11 游离酶与Lip-PDA-Cs-Fe3O4的最佳反应pH
Figure 11. Optimal reaction pH of free enzyme and Lip-PDA-Cs-Fe3O4
图 12 游离酶与Lip-PDA-Cs-Fe3O4的pH稳定性
Figure 12. pH stability of free enzyme and Lip-PDA-Cs-Fe3O4
图 15 水油比对Lip-PDA-Cs-Fe3O4转化生物柴油的影响
Figure 15. Effect of water-oil ratio on the biodiesel conversion of Lip-PDA-Cs-Fe3O4
图 16 加酶量对Lip-PDA-Cs-Fe3O4转化生物柴油的影响
Figure 16. Effect of enzyme quantity on the biodiesel conversion of Lip-PDA-Cs-Fe3O4
图 17 反应时间对Lip-PDA-Cs-Fe3O4转化生物柴油的影响
Figure 17. Effect of reaction time on the biodiesel conversion of Lip-PDA-Cs-Fe3O4
表 1 PDA-Cs-Fe3O4与Lip-PDA-Cs-Fe3O4的BET分析
Table 1. BET analysis of PDA-Cs-Fe3O4 and Lip-PDA-Cs-Fe3O4
Name Surface area/(m2·g−1) Pore volume/(mL·g−1) PDA-Cs-Fe3O4 106.8239 0.6028 Lip-PDA-Cs-Fe3O4 77.6027 0.4449 
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表 2 PDA-Cs-Fe3O4的孔径分析
Table 2. Pore size analysis of PDA-Cs-Fe3O4
Pore size/nm Pore volume/(mL·g−1) Percentage/% Micropore 0.35-2 0.0081 1.35 Mesopore 2-10 0.0589 9.84 10-50 0.2175 36.31 Macropore 50-120 0.3145 52.50
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表 3 Lip-PDA-Cs-Fe3O4与其他研究中固定化酶热稳定性的比较
Table 3. Comparison of thermal stability of Lip-PDA-Cs-Fe3O4 with previous publications for immobilized lipase
Name Temperature/℃ Time/h Relative activity/% References PEG/PLA/CRL 50℃ 2 ＜70 [39] L-PHM3 4 ＜85 [40] PFL@EMMS 3 ＜80 [41] Lip-PDA-Cs-Fe3O4 6 90 This work Notes：Time is the duration of staying at 50℃; PEG is polyethylene glycol; PLA is polylactic acid; CRL is Candida rugosa lipase; L is Candida antarctica lipase; PHM is polyacrylamide hydrogel microspheres; 3 is the concentration of phosphate buffer solution of lipase immobilized on polyacrylamide hydrogel microspheres; PFL is Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase; EMMS is epoxy-functionalized macroporous and mesoporous SiO2.
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表 4 Lip-PDA-Cs-Fe3O4与其他研究中固定化酶pH稳定性的比较
Table 4. Comparison of pH stability of Lip-PDA-Cs-Fe3O4 with previous publications for immobilized lipase
Name pH range References CRL-BSA-CELLAs 7.0-8.0 [44] PPL@COF 7.5-9.0 [45] Fe3O4-COOH@UiO-66-NH2@PPL 7.0-9.0 [46] Lip-PDA-Cs-Fe3O4 6.0-9.0 This work Notes：pH range is pH range in which the relative enzyme activity remains higher than 50%; CRL is Candida rugosa lipase; BSA is bovine albumin; CELLAs is cross-linked enzyme aggregates; PPL is porcine pancreatic lipase; COF is covalent organic framework; Fe3O4-COOH is carboxylic-functionalized magnetite; Uio-66-NH2 is zirconium aminobenzenedicarboxylate metal organic framework.
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