Boehmite/graphene multiscale toughening modification of carbon fiber/epoxy composites
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摘要: 碳纤维与聚合物基体之间界面结合强度较弱的问题严重限制了碳纤维复合材料在汽车轻量化等领域的实际应用。为解决这一问题，采用水热法制备了不同质量比的勃姆石/石墨烯复合粉体，并通过自组装的方式成功负载到碳纤维表面，实现了对碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料界面的改性。通过一系列综合测试对改性前后碳纤维复合材料的力学性能进行了研究，发现当勃姆石/石墨烯质量比为1∶2时(BG-2)时，各项性能最佳。与未经改性的复合材料相比，BG-2改性后复合材料的界面剪切强度、层间剪切强度、拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别提升了116.1%、56.0%、61.1%和30.4%。最后，根据扫描电镜和接触角测试结果进一步分析了复合材料力学性能提升的多尺度界面修饰原理。Abstract: The weak interface strength between carbon fiber (CF) and polymer matrix severely limits their practical application in fields such as automotive lightweighting. To address this issue, a series of boehmite/graphene with different content were prepared by hydrothermal method and successfully introduced to the surface of CF via self-assembly method to modify the interface of carbon fiber/epoxy resin composites (CF/EPs). A series of tests were conducted to investigate the mechanical properties of the composites before and after modification and the results showed that the best performance was achieved when the boehmite/graphene mass ratio was 1∶2 (BG-2). Compared with CF/EP, the modified BGCF/EP-2 showed significant enhancements in IFSS (116.1%), ILSS (56.0%), tensile strength (61.1%), and flexural strength (30.4%). Finally, the schematic diagrams of the possible multiscale interfacial modification mechanism in the CF/EPs were further analyzed based on the results of SEM images and contact angle tests.
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图 1 不同质量比的勃姆石/石墨烯(BG)样品(a)和去浆碳纤维(CF)、勃姆石/石墨烯及勃姆石/石墨烯多尺度改性碳纤维(b)的XRD谱图
Figure 1. XRD patterns of BG samples with different mass ratios (a) and CF, BG-2, and BGCF-2 (b).
图 2 去浆碳纤维(a)、BGCF-0.5(b)、BGCF-1(c)、BGCF-1.5(d)、BGCF-2(e)、BGCF-2.5(f)、BGCF-3(g)的SEM图片和BGCF-2样品的EDS谱图(h)
Figure 2. SEM images of CF (a), BGCF-0.5 (b), BGCF-1 (c), BGCF-1.5 (d), BGCF-2 (e), BGCF-2.5 (f), BGCF-3 (g) and EDS spectrum of BGCF-2 (h).
图 3 BG-2(a-d)和BGCF-2(e-h)样品中C、Al和O元素分布图
Figure 3. EDS mapping images of C, Al, and O elements in BG-2 (a-d) and BGCF-2 (e-h) samples, respectively.
图 4 去浆碳纤维(a)、勃姆石/石墨烯(b)和勃姆石/石墨烯多尺度改性碳纤维(c)的FT-IR光谱图
Figure 4. FT-IR spectra of CF (a), BG-2 (b), and BGCF-2 (c).
图 5 不同碳纤维样品的界面性能图：接触角(a)和表面能(b)
Figure 5. Interfacial properties of different CFs: contact angle (a) and surface energy (b).
图 6 不同碳纤维环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能图：界面剪切强度(a)、层间剪切强度(b)、拉伸强度(c)、弯曲强度(d)、层间剪切应力-应变曲线(e)和拉伸应力-应变曲线(f)
Figure 6. Mechanical performance of CF/EPs. IFSS (a), ILSS (b), tensile strength (c), flexural strength (d), shear stress-strain curves (e), and tensile stress-strain curves (f).
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