松萝酸纳米胶束的构建及其抗菌活性与药代动力学特征

牛生吏; 韩晓卓; 佟芷帆; 王艳平; 郝嘉辉; 王盈予; 张路遥; 崔璨璨; 莫菲

松萝酸纳米胶束的构建及其抗菌活性与药代动力学特征

沈阳农业大学　动物科学与医学学院, 沈阳 110866

基金项目: 辽宁省教育厅项目(JYTYB2024042)

详细信息

通讯作者:
莫菲，博士研究生，讲师，研究方向为抗菌药物递释系统研发　E-mail: mf07@syau.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB332；S859.5
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- 文章访问数: 27
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-07-30
- 修回日期: 2024-09-08
- 录用日期: 2024-09-21
- 网络出版日期: 2024-10-19

Development, antibacterial activity and pharmacokinetic characteristics of usnic acid nano-micelles

College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shengyang 110866, China

Funds: Science and Technology Research Project of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education (Grant No.JYTYB2024042)

摘要

摘要: 松萝酸(usnic acid, UA)具有优良的抗菌活性，但水溶性差、生物利用度低极大地限制了其临床应用。本研究采用薄膜水合法利用聚己内酯-聚乙二醇(polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol, PCL-PEG)高分子材料构建UA胶束，利用单因素试验及Box-Behnken响应面法优化制备条件，从而提高UA的水溶性及生物利用度。表征及评价UA胶束的粒径、zeta电位、微观形貌、包埋效果、水溶性、体外释药、稳定性及安全性。并明确UA胶束对四种常见细菌的体外抗菌活性及其对金黄色葡萄球菌感染小鼠的体内治疗效果。考察UA胶束在大鼠体内的药代动力学特征。结果显示制得的UA胶束呈现为大小均匀、表面光滑的球体，粒径为120.4 nm，zeta电位为-7.8 mV，包封率与载药量分别为80.66%和9.47%，且UA被成功包埋在胶束的疏水性内核中，水溶性提高19.11倍。UA胶束具备一定的缓释性能，48 h药物累计释放度为76.26%，在4℃贮存60天后，稳定性良好，用药安全性良好，对多种常见细菌均具有一定抗菌活性，且UA胶束对金黄色葡萄球菌感染小鼠的治疗效果比UA原药更好。与UA原药相比，UA胶束在大鼠体内的相对生物利用度提高156%，C_max提高1.34倍，半衰期延长21.38%，清除率降低32.39%。本研究可为UA胶束的临床应用提供一定理论依据。
- 松萝酸 /
- 纳米胶束 /
- 聚己内酯-聚乙二醇 /
- 抗菌活性 /
- 药代动力学
Abstract: Usnic acid (UA) has excellent antibacterial activity, but its poor water solubility and low bioavailability greatly limit its clinical application. In this study, polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol (PCL-PEG) polymer material was used to construct UA micelles by film dispersion method. Single-factor test and Box-Behnken response surface method were used to optimize the preparation conditions, so as to improve the water solubility and bioavailability of UA. The particle size, zeta potential, microstructure, embedding effect, water solubility, drug release in vitro, stability and safety of UA micelles were characterized. The antibacterial activity of UA micelles against four common bacteria in vitro and the therapeutic effect on Staphylococcus aureus infected mice in vivo were investigated. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of UA micelles in rats were clarified. The results show that UA micelles are uniform size and smooth surface spheres with a particle size of 120.4 nm, zeta potential of −7.8 mV, encapsulation rate and drug loading of 80.66% and 9.47%, respectively. UA is successfully embedded in the hydrophobic core of the micelles, and the water solubility is increased by 19.11 times. UA micelles have a certain slow-release performance, and the cumulative drug release rate is 76.26% after 48 h. After 60 days of storage at 4℃, it shows good stability and good drug safety, and has certain antibacterial activity against many common bacteria. In addition, the therapeutic effect of UA micelles on Staphylococcus aureus infected mice is better than that of the original UA drug. Compared with the original UA drug, the relative bioavailability of UA micelles in rats is improved by 156%, C_max of UA micelles is increased by 1.34 times, the half-life of UA micelles is extended by 21.38%, and clearance rate of UA micelles is decreased by 32.39%. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of UA micelles.
- Usnic acid /
- Nano-micelles /
- Polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol /
- Antibacterial activity /
- Pharmacokinetics

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图 1 190~600 nm 全波长扫描结果(a)及 UA 标准曲线(b)

Figure 1. Full wavelength scanning results from 190 to 600 nm (a) and standard curve of UA (b)

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图 2 四种因素对UA胶束包封率影响的交互作用

Figure 2. Interaction of the influence of four factors on the encapsulation efficiency of UA micelles

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图 3 四种因素对UA胶束载药量影响的交互作用

Figure 3. Interaction of the influence of four factors on the drug loading of UA micelles

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图 4 UA胶束的部分表征结果

(a) UA胶束粒径分布图；(b) TEM观察UA胶束的微观形貌(2.5 k×)；(c) ¹H NMR结果；(d) 红外光谱测定结果；(e) UA胶束体外释放行为；(f) UA胶束溶血试验结果

Figure 4. Partial characterization of UA micelles

(a) Particle size distribution of UA micelles; (b) The morphology of UA micelles observed by TEM; (c) ¹H NMR results; (d) Infrared spectroscopic results; (e) In vitro release behavior of UA micelles; (f) Hemolysis test results of UA micelles

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图 5 金黄色葡萄球菌感染小鼠不同脏器的菌落数

Figure 5. Number of colonies in different organs of mice infected by Staphylococcus aureus

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图 6 金黄色葡萄球菌感染小鼠的肺脏、脾脏组织病理学改变情况(200×)

Figure 6. Histopathological changes of lung and spleen in mice infected by Staphylococcus aureus (200×)

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图 7 HPLC法检测血浆中UA的结果及血浆药物浓度-时间曲线

(a) 不同血浆样品的HPLC色谱图；(b) 标准曲线；(c) 血浆药物浓度-时间曲线

Figure 7. Determination of UA in plasma by HPLC and plasma drug concentration-time curve

(a) HPLC chromatograms of different plasma samples; (b) Standard curve; (c) Plasma drug concentration-time curve

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表 1 松萝酸(UA)的HPLC检测梯度洗脱程序

Table 1. HPLC gradient elution procedure for detection of usnic acid (UA)

Time/min	Methanol	15 mmol/L KH₂PO₄∶triethylamine=500∶1
0	60%	40%
3	70%	30%
7	75%	25%
15	60%	40%

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表 2 Box-Behnken响应面法的试验设计及结果

Table 2. Experimental design and results of Box-Behnken response surface design

Formula	PBS volume	UA dosage	Trichloromethane : Methanol	PBS pH value	Encapsulation Efficiency/%	Drug loading/%
1	25 mL	3 mg	1∶1	8.0	72.25	8.39
2	25 mL	3 mg	2∶1	7.4	68.71	8.03
3	25 mL	5 mg	2∶1	7.4	72.35	8.9
4	25 mL	3 mg	1∶1	6.5	42.55	6.21
5	25 mL	4 mg	1∶2	6.5	47.36	6.33
6	20 mL	4 mg	2∶1	7.4	74.54	8.76
7	30 mL	3 mg	1∶1	7.4	67.4	7.98
8	25 mL	3 mg	1∶2	7.4	72.72	8.43
9	25 mL	5 mg	1∶2	7.4	75.48	9.02
10	20 mL	3 mg	1∶1	7.4	68.7	8.02
11	25 mL	4 mg	2∶1	6.5	48.62	6.66
12	20 mL	4 mg	1∶1	8.0	72.01	8.71
13	25 mL	4 mg	1∶1	7.4	79.59	9.36
14	30 mL	4 mg	1∶1	8.0	66.18	8.44
15	20 mL	5 mg	1∶1	7.4	70.37	8.62
16	30 mL	4 mg	1∶1	6.5	49.45	6.70
17	30 mL	4 mg	1∶2	7.4	70.35	8.56
18	20 mL	4 mg	1∶2	7.4	72.16	8.68
19	20 mL	4 mg	1∶1	6.5	43.55	6.28
20	25 mL	4 mg	1∶1	7.4	78.4	9.25
21	25 mL	5 mg	1∶1	6.5	49.92	6.98
22	25 mL	4 mg	1∶1	7.4	78.62	9.27
23	25 mL	4 mg	1∶2	8.0	73.33	8.69
24	25 mL	5 mg	1∶1	8.0	67.67	8.59
25	25 mL	4 mg	2∶1	8.0	71.04	8.62
26	30 mL	4 mg	2∶1	7.4	72.97	8.72
27	30 mL	5 mg	1∶1	7.4	70.26	8.60
28	25 mL	4 mg	1∶1	7.4	77.48	9.11
29	25 mL	4 mg	1∶1	7.4	78.31	9.24

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表 3 UA胶束在不同温度下避光贮存不同时间的包封率和载药量

Table 3. Encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of UA micelles stored at different temperatures for different times and away from light

	Storage temperature	0 day	15 day	30 day	45 day	60 day
Encapsulation efficiency/%	4℃	80.60±0.31	72.88±0.78	68.13±1.76	64.72±2.06	61.11±3.36
Encapsulation efficiency/%	25℃	80.60±0.31	65.81±1.13	60.06±1.77	58.64±2.31	55.90±2.89
Drug loading/%	4℃	9.10±0.35	8.43±0.92	7.96±1.12	7.46±1.43	7.17±1.19
Drug loading/%	25℃	9.10±0.35	7.53±0.66	7.01±2.02	6.77±0.62	6.60±1.15

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表 4 UA胶束和UA原药对四种细菌的最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration, MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(minimal bactericidal concentration, MBC)^[29]

Table 4. MIC and MBC of UA micelles and original UA against four bacteria

	Staphylococcus aureus
	ATCC 29213	MRSA-5	MRSA-66	MRSA-70	ATCC 29213	MRSA-5	MRSA-66	MRSA-70
	MIC/(μg·mL⁻¹)				MBC/(μg·mL⁻¹)
Free UA	8	4	8	16	64	32	32	64
UA micelles	16	8	8	16	64	32	32	64
	Arcanobacterium pyogenes
	ATCC 19411	HC-H12	HC-H02-2	BMH06-3	ATCC 19411	HC-H12	HC-H02-2	BMH06-3
	MIC/(μg·mL⁻¹)				MBC/(μg·mL⁻¹)
Free UA	16	32	32	16	64	128	128	64
UA micelles	16	32	64	32	64	128	256	128
	Escherichia coli ATCC 25922				Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619
	MIC/(μg·mL⁻¹)		MBC/(μg·mL⁻¹)		MIC/(μg·mL⁻¹)		MBC/(μg·mL⁻¹)
Free UA	256		>512		128		>512
UA micelles	256		>512		128		>512

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表 5 尾静脉注射给药后血浆中的药动学参数

Table 5. Pharmacokinetic parameters in plasma after administration by tail vein injection

Parameters	Unit	Original UA	UA micelles
AUC_(0-t)	mg/(L·h)	37.481±4.847	58.423±4.946
AUC_(0-∞)	mg/(L·h)	43.511±6.764	64.375±4.877
C_max	mg/L	24.493±2.848	32.799±2.620
t_1/2	h	3.807±0.132	4.621±1.194
CL	L/(h·kg)	0.46±0.013	0.311±0.028
Vz	L/kg	3.065±0.067	1.707±0.053
MRT_(0-t)	h	2.817±0.176	2.969±0.295
Notes：AUC_(0-t) is area under the blood concentration time curve from 0 to t; AUC_(0-∞) is area under the blood concentration time curve from 0 to ∞; C_max is maximum blood concentration; t_1/2 is plasma half-life of the drug; CL is the volume of drug-containing plasma eliminated from the body per unit time; Vz is apparent volume of distribution; MRT_(0-t) is mean residence time from 0 to t.

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