Impact compression performance of three-dimensional five directional glass fiber/epoxy resin braided composite circular tubes in low-temperature environment
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摘要: 通过三维编织成型技术与树脂传递模塑(RTM)工艺制备了三维五向玻璃纤维/环氧树脂编织复合材料圆管，分别在低温(−100℃、−50℃)和室温(20℃)条件下使用分离式Hopkinson压杆(SHPB)对三维五向编织复合材料圆管进行轴向冲击压缩性能测试，使用体式显微镜和SEM研究了温度和应变率对三维五向编织复合材料圆管轴向冲击压缩性能的影响。结果表明：温度和应变率对三维五向玻璃纤维/环氧树脂编织复合材料圆管轴向冲击压缩性能具有显著影响。低温度场下，三维五向编织复合材料圆管的轴向冲击压缩力学性能优于室温条件。随着应变率增加和温度降低，三维五向编织复合材料圆管的峰值应力、压缩模量与比吸收能均有不同程度的增加。低温度场下三维五向编织复合材料圆管轴向冲击压缩破坏特性为脆性断裂，纤维束断口较整齐，试样破坏及变形程度均随应变率的增加和温度的降低而更加严重，而在应变率较高和环境温度较低时试样仍保持较好的结构完整性。
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关键词:
- 三维五向编织复合材料圆管 /
- 分离式Hopkinson压杆 /
- 冲击压缩性能 /
- 应变率 /
- 低温环境
Abstract: Three-dimensional and five-directional (3D5D) glass fiber/epoxy resin braided composite circular tubes were fabricated by 3D braiding molding technology and resin transfer molding (RTM). Axial impact compression performance tests were conducted on the 3D5D braided composite circular tubes using the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) at low temperatures (−100°C, −50°C) and room temperature (20°C). The effects of temperature and strain rate on the axial impact compression performance of 3D5D braided composite circular tubes were studied using the Stereomicroscope and SEM. The results show that temperature and strain rate have a significant effect on the axial impact compression performance of 3D5D glass fiber/epoxy resin braided composite circular tubes. Under the low-temperature field, the axial impact compression mechanical properties of 3D5D braided composite circular tubes are better than those at room temperature. With the increase of strain rate and the decrease of temperature, the peak stress, the compression modulus and the specific absorption energy of 3D5D braided composite circular tubes increase to varying degrees. In the low-temperature field, the axial impact compression failure characteristic of the material is brittle fracture and the fracture of the fiber bundle is relatively neat. The degrees of specimens’ failure and deformation become more severe with the increase of strain rate and the decrease of temperature. However, the 3D5D braided composite circular tubes maintain good structural integrity even at high strain rates and low temperatures. -
图 5 应力波在各杆中传播的Lagrange X-T图
Figure 5. Lagrange X-T diagram of stress wave propagation in each bar
图 7 相同冲击气压不同温度下SHPB试验信号差异：(a) 20℃；(b) −50℃；(c) −100℃
Figure 7. The differences of SHPB test signals at the same impact air pressure and different temperatures: (a) 20℃; (b) −50℃; (c) −100℃
图 8 三维五向编织复合材料圆管不同温度不同冲击气压下轴向冲击压缩应变率-时间曲线：(a)-(c)
Figure 8. The axial impact compression strain rate-time curves of 3D5D braided composite circular tubes at different temperatures and different impact air pressures: (a)-(c)
图 9 温度对三维五向编织复合材料圆管轴向冲击压缩平均应变率响应的影响
Figure 9. The influence of temperature on the average strain rate response of axial impact compression of 3D5D braided composite circular tubes
图 10 不同环境温度中不同应变率下三维五向编织复合材料圆管轴向冲击压缩应力-应变曲线：(a) 300 s−1；(b) 550 s−1；(c) 750 s−1
Figure 10. The axial impact compression stress-strain curves of 3D5D braided composite circular tubes at different strain rates in different ambient temperatures: (a) 300 s−1; (b) 550 s−1; (c) 750 s−1
图 11 三维五向编织复合材料圆管峰值应力温度效应和应变率效应
Figure 11. The temperature effect and strain rate effect of the peak stress of 3D5D braided composite circular tubes
图 12 三维五向编织复合材料圆管压缩模量温度效应和应变率效应
Figure 12. The temperature effect and strain rate effect of the compression modulus of 3D5D braided composite circular tubes
图 13 三维五向编织复合材料圆管比吸收能温度效应和应变率效应
Figure 13. The temperature effect and strain rate effect of the specific absorbed energy of 3D5D braided composite circular tubes
图 14 室温和低温度场中不同应变率下三维五向编织复合材料圆管破坏形态对比图
Figure 14. Comparison of specimen failure patterns of 3D5D braided composite circular tubes under different strain rates in the room temperature and low-temperature field
图 15 室温和低温度场中750 s−1应变率下三维五向编织复合材料圆管轴向冲击压缩典型失效形态SEM图。
Figure 15. SEM photographs of typical failure modes of axial impact compression of 3D5D braided composite circular tubes at a strain rate of 750 s−1 in the room temperature and low-temperature fields
表 1 玻璃纤维性能参数
Table 1. Properties of glass fiber
Parameter σ/MPa E/GPa ρ/(g·cm−3) d/μm Value 2450 81.95 2.64 17 Notes: σ—Tensile strength; E—Tensile modulus; ρ—Density; d—Fiber diameter. 
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表 2 JC-02A型环氧树脂性能参数
Table 2. Properties of JC-02A epoxy resin
Parameter Viscosity/
(MPa·s)Epoxy value/
(mol·(100 g)−1)Density/
(g·cm−3)Value 1000 -3000 0.50-0.53 1.12-1.14
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表 3 三维五向编织复合材料圆管试样规格
Table 3. Sample specification of 3D5D braided composite circular tubes
Braiding angle/(°) Outside diameter/mm Wall thickness/mm Fiber volume fraction/vol% 25 25.92 2.53 61.25
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