宽频蜂窝夹层结构吸波复合材料的低频隐身介质超材料研究

鹿海军; 礼嵩明; 黄浩; 吴思保; 王甲富

宽频蜂窝夹层结构吸波复合材料的低频隐身介质超材料研究

鹿海军^{1, 2, ,},
礼嵩明^{1, 2},
黄浩¹,
吴思保¹,
王甲富³

1.
中国航空制造技术研究院复合材料技术中心, 北京 101300
2.
先进复合材料重点实验室, 北京 100095
3.
空军工程大学基础部, 西安 710051

详细信息

通讯作者:
鹿海军，博士，高级工程师，研究方向为结构功能一体化复合材料　E-mail: haijunlu_hjl@163.com

中图分类号: TB332
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-03-22
- 修回日期: 2023-05-03
- 录用日期: 2023-05-06
- 网络出版日期: 2023-05-20

Study on the low frequency radar-stealth dielectric metamaterial of broadband wave-absorbing honeycomb sandwich composites

Haijun LU^{1, 2
, ,},
Songming LI^{1, 2},
Hao HUANG¹,
Sibao WU¹,
Jiafu WANG³

1.
AVIC MTI Composite Technology Center, Beijing 101300, China
2.
Science and Technology on Advanced Composites Laboratory, Beijing 100095, China
3.
Department of Basic Sciences, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’ an 710051, China

摘要

摘要: 超材料隐身技术是近年来隐身技术发展的重要方向之一，为结构吸波复合材料吸波性能提升、吸波频带拓展提供了一条全新的技术途径。然而，传统的金属超材料单元与树脂基复合材料之间的界面性能较差，会带来复合材料力学性能下降等问题，制约了超材料隐身技术在结构吸波复合材料中的进一步应用。本文提出了一种用于蜂窝夹层结构吸波复合材料的低频介质超材料的制备方法，采用与透波面板相同树脂体系的碳纤维预浸料制备超材料结构单元，实现了吸波蜂窝夹层结构复合材料提升低频吸波性能和保持原有力学性能的良好兼顾。研究表明，基于相位梯度超表面原理设计的介质超材料结构单元，在2~18 GHz频率范围具有良好的透波效果，对透波面板的高频透波率无显著影响，而在1~2 GHz低频范围具有良好的吸波性能，且由于碳纤维的良好导电性，碳纤维超材料在L波段的电磁响应特性与金属铜超材料接近，且前者的电磁响应频宽大于金属超材料单元。当吸波蜂窝高度为50 mm、透波面板厚度为1 mm时，碳纤维介质超材料单元的引入，可以使吸波蜂窝夹层结构复合材料低频吸波性能得到显著提升，L波段平均反射率提升4dB以上。与此同时，含碳纤维介质超材料单元透波面板基本力学性能与透波面板复合材料自身力学性能基本相当，引入碳纤维介质超材料单元不会降低透波面板力学性能。该工作为解决超材料单元与树脂基复合材料匹配兼容问题、提升蜂窝夹层吸波复合材料低频电性能提供了全新的思路，为进一步拓展超材料隐身技术在结构隐身复合材料中的应用奠定了基础。1含碳纤维超材料的蜂窝夹层结构吸波复合材料的(a)结构示意图与(b)L波段低频吸波性能
- 介质超材料 /
- 低频 /
- 隐身 /
- 吸波性能 /
- 吸波蜂窝 /
- 夹层结构
Abstract: The low frequency radar-stealth performance of the dielectric metamaterial for broadband wave-absorbing honeycomb sandwich composites was studied. The electromagnetic response characteristics of the carbon fiber dielectric metamaterial units and their effects on the electrical and mechanical properties of wave-absorbing honeycomb sandwich composites were analyzed. The results show that the electromagnetic response of the carbon fiber metamaterial units can be comparable to that of the metal metamaterial units. When the height of the wave-absorbing honeycomb is 50 mm and the thickness of the wave-transmitting skin is 1 mm, the introduction of the carbon fiber metamaterial units can significantly improve the low-frequency wave-absorbing performance of the honeycomb sandwich composites. The weakest reflectivity and the averaged reflectivity in the L-band are increased by more than 2 dB and 4 dB, respectively. The mechanical properties of the wave-transmitting skin with carbon fiber dielectric metamaterial are close to that without metamaterial units. The introduction of carbon fiber dielectric metamaterial units shows no negative effects on the mechanical properties of the wave-transmitting skin.
- dielectric metamaterial /
- low frequency /
- radar-stealth /
- wave-absorbing property /
- wave-absorbing honeycomb /
- sandwich structure

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图 1 含介质超材料蜂窝夹层结构吸波复合材料制备流程图

Figure 1. Fabrication process of the wave-absorbing honeycomb sandwich composite containing dielectric metamaterial.

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图 2 含超材料蜂窝夹层结构吸波复合材料结构示意图

Figure 2. Schematic structure of the honeycomb sandwich composite containing metamaterial.

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图 3 超材料单元结构示意图

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of metamaterial unit structure

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图 4 含超材料单元与不含超材料单元的透波面板在1~18 GHz频率范围内的透波率曲线

Figure 4. Transmittivity curves of the wave-transmitting skin with/without metamaterial units in the frequency range of 1~18 GHz.

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图 5 含超材料单元与不含超材料单元的透波蜂窝夹层结构在L波段的反射率曲线

Figure 5. Reflectivity curves of the wave-transmitting honeycomb sandwich composites with/without metamaterial units in the L-band.

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图 6 超材料单元PET模板的实物照片

Figure 6. Photographof the PET template for metamaterial unit.

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图 7 含介质超材料单元透波面板(上)及含金属超材料单元透波面板(下)的实物照片

Figure 7. Photographof the wave-transmitting skin containing dielectric metamaterial units (top) and metal metamaterial units (bottom)

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图 8 碳纤维超材料单元与金属超材料单元在L波段的透波率曲线

Figure 8. Transmittivity curves of the carbon fiber metamaterial units and metal metamaterial units in the L-band.

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图 9 含碳纤维超材料单元与不含超材料单元的吸波蜂窝夹层结构的L波段反射率曲线

Figure 9. Reflectivity curves of the wave-absorbing honeycomb sandwich composites with/without carbon fiber metamaterials in the L-band.

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表 1 碳纤维超材料单元与金属超材料单元在L波段透波特性的统计结果

Table 1. Statistical results about the wave-transmitting properties of carbon fiber metamaterial units and metal metamaterial units in the L-band

Material type	Peak frequency/ GHz	Minimum transmittivity/ dB	Averaged transmittivity/ dB
Metal metamaterial	1.64	−11.23	−4.91
Carbon fiber metamaterial	1.63	−8.79	−4.81

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表 2 不同吸波蜂窝夹层结构复合材料在L波段吸波特性的统计结果

Table 2. Statistical results about the wave-absorbing properties of different wave-absorbing honeycomb sandwich composites in the L-band

Material type	Maximum reflectivity /dB	Averaged reflectivity/dB
Without metamaterial	−7.27	−10.38
With carbon fiber metamaterial	−9.34	−14.66

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表 3 含碳纤维超材料单元与不含超材料单元的透波面板力学性能对比

Table 3. Comparison of the mechanical properties of wave-transmitting skin with/without carbon fiber metamaterial units

Mechanical property		With carbon fiber metamaterial	Without metamaterial
Tensile property	Strength/MPa	810	815
Tensile property	Modulus/GPa	31.2	30.1
Compression property	Strength/MPa	310	307
Compression property	Modulus/GPa	29.1	28.1
Bending property	Strength/MPa	625	629
Bending property	Modulus/GPa	24.7	25.6
Interlaminar shear strength/MPa		407	51.5

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