Detection study of delamination defects in composite cylinders based on CT scanning and Digital Shear Speckle Interferometry
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摘要: 碳纤维增强复合材料储氢气瓶是氢能汽车燃料电池的核心组件，然而针对气瓶制造成型过程中产生的缺陷仍缺少高效可靠的检测评价方法。本文针对碳纤维增强复合材料储氢气瓶开展了工业CT断层扫描和激光剪切散斑干涉测量实验研究。实验结果表明，分层缺陷是气瓶纤维缠绕层中最主要的制造缺陷类型，通过分析气瓶内部分层缺陷引起的局部力学响应特征，揭示了不同严重程度分层缺陷引起的剪切条纹以及离面位移的变化规律。激光剪切散斑干涉捕捉到的“蝴蝶斑”条纹区域与CT扫描发现的纤维缠绕层内部的分层缺陷在位置尺寸和影响范围上具有高度的重叠一致性。激光剪切散斑干涉技术与气瓶水压试验相结合，能够为气瓶的服役性能和安全性评估提供有力支持，对储氢装备的发展具有重要意义。Abstract: Carbon fiber reinforced composite hydrogen storage cylinders are the essential components for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. However, it is still lack of efficient and reliable methods for detecting and evaluating manufacturing defects that occurred in the processing and forming of these cylinders. In this study, industrial CT (Computed Tomography) scanning and digital speckle interferometry experiments based on shearography were conducted on the carbon fiber reinforced composite hydrogen storage cylinders. The experimental results reveal that delaminations are the predominant type of manufacturing defect in the fiber wound layer of the cylinders. By analyzing the local mechanical response characteristics caused by delaminations inside the cylinders, the study elucidates the variation of the interferometry fringes and out-of-plane displacements induced by delaminations with different severity. The regions of fringe pattern with "butterfly shape" captured in shearography are highly consistent with the positions, sizes, and influence ranges of delaminations found by CT scanning within the fiber wound layer. Employing shearography technology in hydrostatic testing provides a strong support for the assessment of the service performance and safety of the cylinders, thus holding significant implications for the development of hydrogen storage equipment.
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图 2 (a) 气瓶轴向断面图; (b) 气瓶轴向视图
Figure 2. (a) Axial cross-section of cylinder; (b) Axial view of the cylinder.
图 3 气瓶封头段的分层缺陷: (a-b) 上封头以及对应的轴向截面; (c-d) 下封头以及对应的轴向截面
Figure 3. Delamination defects in dome: (a-b) Forward dome and its axial section; (c-d) Afterward dome and its axial section.
图 5 直筒段分层缺陷的尺寸分布
Figure 5. Distributions of delamination defect size in cylindrical part.
图 6 基于迈克尔逊干涉原理的激光剪切散斑干涉仪
Figure 6. Digital shearography based on the Michelson interferometer.
图 7 物体表面位移与光程差的关系
Figure 7. Relationship between the surface displacement and the optical path difference.
图 8 剪切条纹演化情况(Δp1-Δp4): (a-d) 加载过程 (Δy=5 mm); (e-h) 卸载过程 (Δx=5 mm)
Figure 8. Interferometric fringe evolution (Δp1-Δp4): (a-d) loading process (Δy=5 mm); (e-h) unloading process (Δx=5 mm).
图 9 分层缺陷诱导的离面位移梯度和离面位移
Figure 9. Out-of-plane displacement derivative and displacement induced by delamination defect.
图 10 气瓶D面的测量结果:(a-d) 剪切条纹的演化过程; (e-g) 沿A-A、B-B、C-C参考线下的离面位移梯度和离面位移变化曲线
Figure 10. Measurement results of the cylinder D-surface: (a-d) Interferometric fringe evolution; (e-g) Variations of out-of-plane displacement derivative and displacement along reference lines A-A, B-B, C-C.
图 11 气瓶D面离面位移梯度和离面位移与压差的关系
Figure 11. Relationship between out-of-plane displacement derivative and displacement of the D-surface with pressure difference.
图 12 气瓶A面测量结果与CT扫描结果对比
Figure 12. Comparison of the measurement results and CT scans of the cylinder A-surface.
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