Temperature effect on axial compressive properties of three-dimensional glass fiber/epoxy resin braided composite thin-walled tubes
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摘要:
三维编织复合材料因具有优异的力学性能，广泛应用于航空航天、汽车等众多高技术领域，三维圆形编织复合材料薄壁管常用在飞机、汽车等承力结构件中，在复合材料部件服役生命周期中，不可避免面临苛刻的温度环境，进而影响其耐用性和使用安全性，由此研究高低温度和编织角对三维编织复合材料薄壁管准静态压缩力学行为的耦合影响有重要理论和实践意义。本文通过三维四步法编织技术编织15°、25°、35°三种编织角度的管状玻璃纤维预成型体，以环氧树脂作为基体，利用树脂传递模塑工艺(RTM)制备三维编织玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料薄壁管，对其分别进行低温(-100℃、-50℃)、室温(20℃)和高温(80℃、110℃、140℃和170℃)下的轴向准静态压缩性能测试。研究发现三维编织玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料薄壁管准静态压缩性能具有显著温度效应，温度越高，增强体与基体的结合越弱，材料的压缩强度、压缩模量与比吸收能越低。随着温度的升高，三维编织玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料薄壁管的破坏模式发生从局部剪切失效到纤维束-基体界面大面积脱粘的转变。-100℃至80℃环境温度下，编织角对三维编织玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料薄壁管压缩性能影响较为显著，小编织角试样沿纱线方向的取向更高，能承受更大的轴向载荷，因此抗压缩性能更好。 不同温度下25°编织角压缩失效试样三维重构图像：(a) -50℃；(b) 20℃；(c) 170℃3-D reconstruction images of compression failure samples with 25°braiding angle at different temperatures: (a) - 50 ℃; (b) 20℃; (c) 170℃ Abstract: Three-dimensional(3-D) braided glass fiber/epoxy resin composite thin-walled tubes with three braiding angles of 15°, 25°, and 35° were prepared by 3-D braiding molding technology and resin transfer molding process (RTM). The quasi-static compression performance test of 3-D braided composite thin-walled tubes was carried out at low temperature(−100℃, −50℃), normal temperature(20℃) and high temperature field (80°C, 110°C, 140°C and 170°C). The effects of temperature and braiding angle on compression properties and compression failure pattern of 3-D braided composite thin-walled tubes were studied based on X-ray micro-computer tomography (Micro-CT). The results show that the quasi-static compression behavior of 3-D braided composite thin-walled tubes has a significant temperature effect. As the temperature increases, the failure mode of the braided composite thin-walled tubes changes from local shear failure to large-area debonding of the fiber tows-matrix interface. The braiding angle has different effects on the compressive strength, compressive modulus and specific energy absorption of 3-D braided composite thin-walled tubes. The braided composite thin-walled tubes with small braiding angle have a higher orientation along the braided yarn direction which can withstand greater axial compounding, so the compression performance is better. -
图 6 环氧树脂DMA曲线：(a)室温至−140°C；(b)室温至220℃
Figure 6. DMA curve of epoxy resin：(a) Room temperature to −140℃; (b) Room temperature to 220℃
图 7 不同温度下环氧树脂真实应力-应变曲线
Figure 7. True stress-strain curves of epoxy resin under various temperatures
图 8 不同温度下环氧树脂力学性能随温度变化柱形图：(a) 弹性模量；(b) 屈服应力；(c) 屈服应变
Figure 8. Column chart of mechanical properties of epoxy resin changing with temperature at different temperatures：(a) Elastic modulus; (b) Yield stress; (c) Yield strain
图 9 不同温度下三维编织玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料薄壁管轴向压缩应力-应变曲线：(a) −100℃；(b) −50℃；(c) 20℃；(d) 80℃；(e) 110℃；(f) 140℃；(g) 170℃
Figure 9. Axial compressive stress-strain curves of 3-D braided glass fiber/epoxy resin composite thin-walled tubes at different temperatures: (a) −100℃; (b) −50℃; (c) 20℃; (d) 80℃; (e) 110℃; (f) 140℃; (g) 170℃
图 10 不同温度下三维编织玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料薄壁管压缩强度
Figure 10. Compressive strength of 3-D braided glass fiber/epoxy resin composite thin-walled tubes at different temperatures
图 11 不同温度下三维玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料薄壁管压缩模量
Figure 11. Compression modulus of 3-D braided glass fiber/epoxy resin composite thin-walled tubes at different temperatures
图 12 不同温度下三维编织玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料薄壁管比能量吸收
Figure 12. Specific absorption energy of 3-D braided glass fiber/epoxy resin composite thin-walled tubes at different temperatures
图 13 不同温度下25°编织角三维编织玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料薄壁管压缩载荷-位移曲线
Figure 13. Compression load-displacement curves of 3-D braided glass fiber/epoxy composite thin-walled tubes with 25 ° braiding angle at different temperatures
图 14 不同温度下三维编织玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料薄壁管准静态压缩过程：(a) −100℃；(b) −50℃；(c) 20℃；(d) 80℃；(e) 110℃；(f) 140℃；(g) 170℃
Figure 14. Quasi-static compression process of 3-D braided glass fiber/epoxy resin composite thin-walled tubes：(a) −100℃；(b) −50℃；(c) 20℃；(d) 80℃；(e) 110℃；(f) 140℃；(g) 170℃
图 15 不同温度下不同编织角度三维编织玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料薄壁管破坏形态对比图：(a) −100℃；(b) −50℃；(c) 20℃；(d) 80℃；(e) 110℃；(f) 140℃；(g) 170℃
Figure 15. Comparison of specimen failure patterns of 3-D braided glass fiber/epoxy resin composite thin-walled tubes with different braiding angles at different temperatures: (a) −100℃; (b) −50℃; (c) 20℃; (d) 80℃; (e) 110℃; (f) 140℃; (g) 170℃
图 16 不同温度下25°编织角压缩失效试样三维重构图像：(a) −50℃；(b) 20℃；(c) 170℃
Figure 16. 3-D reconstruction images of compression failure samples with 25°braiding angle at different temperatures: (a) −50℃; (b) 20℃; (c) 170℃
图 17 25°编织角三维编织复合材料薄壁管在不同温度下的内部破坏特征与分布：(a) −50℃；(b) 20℃；(c) 170℃
Figure 17. Characteristics and distribution of internal failure of 3-D braided composite thin-walled tubes with 25°braiding angle at different temperatures: (a) −50℃; (b) 20℃; (c) 170℃
表 1 玻璃纤维性能参数
Table 1. Properties of glass fiber
Parameter σ/MPa E/GPa ρ/(g·cm−3) d/μm Value 2450 81.95 2.64 17 Notes: σ—Tensile strength；E—Tensile modulus；ρ—Density；d—Fiber diameter. 
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表 2 JC-02 A环氧树脂性能参数
Table 2. Properties of JC-02 A epoxy resin
Parameter Viscosity/(MPa·s) Epoxy value/(eq/100 g) Density/(g·cm−3) Value 1000-3000 0.50-0.53 1.12-1.14
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表 3 三维编织复合材料薄壁管试样规格
Table 3. Sample specification of 3-D braided composite thin-walled tubes
Braiding
angle/(°)Outside
diameter/mmWall
thickness/mmFiber volume fraction/% 15 25.84 2.36 51.03 25 25.83 2.37 53.79 35 25.88 2.38 56.86
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