真空热压法制备Ti<sub>2</sub>AlNb/TA15叠层复合材料的微观组织及其高温拉伸性能

邵鑫香; 张守银; 张堃; 万俊杰; 卢百平

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20240012.002

真空热压法制备Ti₂AlNb/TA15叠层复合材料的微观组织及其高温拉伸性能

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20240012.002

南昌航空大学　航空制造工程学院，南昌 330063

基金项目: 江西省主要学科学术与技术带头人培养计划 (20225 BCJ22002)

详细信息

通讯作者:
张守银，博士，讲师，硕士生导师，研究方向为钛及钛铝合金制备　E-mail: zhangsy@nchu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB331
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-11-01
- 修回日期: 2023-12-10
- 录用日期: 2024-01-03
- 网络出版日期: 2024-01-15
- 刊出日期: 2024-08-15

Microstructure and high-temperature tensile properties of Ti₂AlNb/TA15 laminated composites prepared by vacuum hot pressing

School of Aeronautical Manufacturing Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China

Funds: Jiangxi Province Key Disciplines Academic and Technical Leaders Training Program (20225 BCJ22002)

摘要

摘要: 为改善Ti₂AlNb合金的本征脆性且不牺牲其高温性能，将其与高温钛合金TA15进行复合，采用真空热压法制备了Ti₂AlNb/TA15叠层复合材料，研究了不同热压温度对其微观组织及其拉伸性能的影响。研究结果表明：界面层的孔洞缺陷随热压温度的升高逐渐减少，热压温度在1050℃及以上时可以获得无缺陷冶金结合界面。界面反应层厚度随热压温度的升高而增加，且在1050℃及以上的扩散温度条件下，反应区和Ti₂AlNb层间形成了一定宽度的过渡层，提升了界面结合性能。拉伸实验结果表明，相较于Ti₂AlNb合金，Ti₂AlNb/TA15叠层复合材料的室温和高温拉伸性能均有显著的提升。其中1050℃热压温度条件下的叠层复合材料具有较好的综合性能，650℃高温抗拉强度和应变分别为667.85 MPa和16.2%。
- 真空热压法 /
- 叠层复合材料 /
- 热压温度 /
- 微观组织 /
- 高温拉伸性能
Abstract: In order to improve the intrinsic brittleness of Ti₂AlNb alloy without sacrificing its high-temperature performance, a composite material was prepared by combining it with high-temperature titanium alloy TA15 using vacuum hot pressing. The effects of different hot pressing temperatures on the microstructure and tensile properties of Ti₂AlNb/TA15 laminated composite materials were investigated. The results show that the pore defects in the interface layer gradually decrease with the increase of the hot pressing temperature. A defect-free metallurgical bonding interface can be achieved at temperatures of 1050℃ and above. The thickness of the interface reaction layer increases with the rise of the hot pressing temperature. Under the diffusion conditions at 1050℃ and above, a transition layer of certain width formed between the reaction zone and the Ti₂AlNb layers, which improve the properties of the interface bonding. Tensile tests indicate that the room and high-temperature tensile properties of the Ti₂AlNb/TA15 laminated composite material are significantly improved compared with Ti₂AlNb alloy. The laminated composite material under the hot pressing temperature condition of 1050℃ exhibits excellent comprehensive performance, with a high-temperature tensile strength and strain of 667.85 MPa and 16.2%, respectively.
- vacuum hot pressing /
- laminated composites /
- hot pressing temperature /
- microstructure /
- high-temperature tensile properties

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图 1 预制体结构示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the preform structure

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图 2 依据Ti-22Al-xNb合金相图设计的热压工艺

Figure 2. Hot pressing process designed based on the phase diagram of Ti-22Al-xNb alloy

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图 3 热压工艺参数示意图

t—Time

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of hot pressing process parameters

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图 4 高温拉伸试样示意图

ϕ—Diameter; R—Radius

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of high-temperature tensile specimen

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图 5 Ti₂AlNb/TA15叠层复合材料光镜图：(a) 850℃；(b) 980℃；(c) 1050℃；(d) 1100℃

Figure 5. Light microscope diagrams of Ti₂AlNb/TA15 laminated composites: (a) 850℃; (b) 980℃; (c) 1050℃; (d) 1100℃

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图 6 不同热压温度叠层复合材料的SEM图像(二次电子)：((a), (e)) 850℃；((b), (f)) 980℃；((c), (g)) 1050℃；((d), (h)) 1100℃

Figure 6. SEM images of laminated composites with different hot pressing temperatures: ((a), (e)) 850℃; ((b), (f)) 980℃; ((c), (g)) 1050℃; ((d), (h)) 1100℃

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图 7 不同热压温度下叠层界面显微组织SEM(二次电子)图像及扫描能谱图：(a) 850℃；(b) 980℃；(c) 1050℃；(d) 1100℃

Figure 7. SEM images of microstructures and scanning energy spectra of the laminated interface under different hot pressing temperatures: (a) 850℃; (b) 980℃; (c) 1050℃; (d) 1100℃

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图 8 原始状态及不同热压温度下Ti₂AlNb微观组织背散图及对应的X射线衍射图谱：(a)原模铸造；(b) 980℃；(c) 1050℃；(d) 1100℃

Figure 8. Backscattered electron (BSE) of Ti₂AlNb microstructures and corresponding X-ray diffraction patterns under original state and different hot pressing temperatures: (a) As cast; (b) 980℃; (c) 1050℃; (d) 1100℃

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图 9 Ti₂AlNb/TA15叠层复合材料界面区相分布图、晶粒取向图和反极图：((a)~(c)) 980℃；((d)~(f)) 1050℃；((g)~(i)) 1100℃

Figure 9. Ti₂AlNb/TA15 laminated composites interface zone phase distributions, grain orientations and inverse pole figure diagrams: ((a)-(c)) 980℃; ((d)-(f)) 1050℃; ((g)-(i)) 1100℃

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图 10 Ti₂AlNb/TA15叠层复合材料室温拉伸应力-应变曲线

Figure 10. Stress-strain curves of Ti₂AlNb/TA15 laminated composites at room temperature

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图 11 Ti₂AlNb/TA15叠层复合材料界面处硬度

Figure 11. Hardness of Ti₂AlNb/TA15 laminated composites near the interfaces

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图 12 Ti₂AlNb/TA15叠层复合材料650℃高温拉伸应力-应变曲线

Figure 12. Stress-strain curves of Ti₂AlNb/TA15 laminated composites at 650℃

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图 13 Ti₂AlNb/TA15叠层复合材料界面区、Ti₂AlNb基体和TA15基体断口SEM图像：((a)~(c)) 850℃；((d)~(f)) 980℃；((g)~(i)) 1050℃；((j)~(l)) 1100℃

Figure 13. SEM images of Ti₂AlNb/TA15 stacked composite interfacial region, Ti₂AlNb matrix and TA15 matrix fracture: ((a)-(c)) 850℃; ((d)-(f)) 980℃; ((g)-(i)) 1050℃; ((j)-(l)) 1100℃

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表 1 Ti₂AlNb和TA15的化学成分

Table 1. Chemical compositions of Ti₂AlNb and TA15

Material	Chemical composition
TA15/wt%	Al: 6.78, Mo: 1.7, V: 2.31, Zr: 2.00, Fe<0.05, Si<0.017, O<0.11, N<0.011, Ti: Balance
Ti₂AlNb/at%	Al: 22.3, Nb: 25.2, Ti: Balance

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表 2 Ti₂AlNb/TA15叠层复合材料制备工艺参数

Table 2. Preparation process parameters of Ti₂AlNb/TA15 laminated composites

Experiment	Phase 1			Phase 2			Phase 3
Experiment	T₁/℃	t₁/h	P₁/MPa	T₂/℃	t₂/h	P₂/MPa	T₃/℃	t₃/h	P₃/MPa
1	850	2	10	850	2	40	600	1	10
2	980	2	10	980	2	40	600	1	10
3	1050	2	10	1050	2	40	600	1	10
4	1100	2	10	1100	2	40	600	1	10
Notes：T₁, T₂ and T₃ are the hot-pressing temperature in the first, second and third stage; t₁, t₂ and t₃ are the holding time in the first, second and third stage; P₁, P₂ and P₃ are the hot-pressing pressure in the first, second and third stage.

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表 3 Ti₂AlNb/TA15叠层复合材料室温拉伸强度和应变

Table 3. Room temperature tensile strength and strain of Ti₂AlNb/TA15 laminated composites

Specimen	Hot pressing temperature/℃	Tensile strength/MPa	Tensile strain/%
TA15/Ti₂AlNb	850	726.22	6.42
	980	873.21	7.28
	1050	817.44	9.37
	1100	775.79	10.35
Ti₂AlNb (as cast)	—	660.09	3.10

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表 4 Ti₂AlNb/TA15叠层复合材料650℃高温拉伸强度和应变

Table 4. 650℃ high temperature tensile strength and strain of Ti₂AlNb/TA15 laminated composites

Specimen	Hot pressing temperature/℃	Tensile strength/MPa	Tensile strain/%
Ti₂AlNb/TA15	850	607.71	11.1
	980	711.58	12.5
	1050	667.85	16.2
	1100	632.76	17.7
Ti₂AlNb (as cast)	—	555.08	10.5

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