Advances in carbon fiber-based solar powered interfacial water evaporation devices
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摘要: 碳纤维是三大高性能纤维之一,具有较强的光热以及电热转化性能,可以高效的将太阳光和电能转化为热能。目前对于碳纤维的应用还大部分基于低密度、高强高模的优势特性上,为了促进碳纤维在界面水蒸发的应用,本文从碳纤维光热及光电耦合两个方面来综述目前碳纤维在界面水蒸发的研究进展,针对碳纤维光滑致密的表面结构以及低表面能等缺点,总结其解决方法,以及在水通道、仿生结构、多级结构、掺杂其他光热材料和回收碳纤维的应用几个方面来讨论碳纤维界面蒸发器的发展,并对将来碳纤维在界面蒸发中的应用提出展望。Abstract: Carbon fiber is a high-performance material known for its strong photothermal and electrothermal conversion properties, enabling efficient conversion of sunlight and electrical energy into thermal energy. Despite its current utilization primarily based on its low density, high strength, and modulus, this paper reviews the ongoing research on enhancing the application of carbon fiber in interfacial water evaporation. The review focuses on two key aspects: carbon fiber's photothermal properties and optoelectronic coupling. It addresses the challenges posed by carbon fiber's smooth, dense surface and low surface energy, proposing various solutions. Furthermore, it explores advancements in developing carbon fiber interfacial evaporators through strategies such as bionic structures, multi-stage designs, incorporation of other photothermal materials, and carbon fiber recycling. Finally, the paper outlines future prospects for leveraging carbon fibers in interfacial evaporation applications.
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图 4 碳纤维表面改性示意图(a)原始碳纤维(b)和(c)水热处理改性的碳纤维(d)来源于葡萄糖的不溶性互键芳香族两亲性大分子[50]
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of surface modification of carbon fibers (a) original carbon fibers (b) and (c) carbon fibers modified by hydrothermal treatment (d) insoluble aromatic amphiphilic macromolecules derived from glucose [50]
表 1 不同碳纤维基太阳能蒸发器对比
Table 1. Comparison of different carbon fiber based solar evaporators
处理方法 蒸发速率 蒸发效率 水传输通道 类型 是否焦
耳加热电压
大小参考
文献通过对改性碳纤维进行表面蚀刻,然后通过三层碳纤维织物,两层非织造布和一层隔热层组成太阳能蒸发器 3.39 kg·m−2·h−1 93.41~96.69% 涤纶和棉混纺的非织造布输送水 光热 否 —— [48] 受荷叶的启发,设计可调水供应的3 D碳纤维棉基锥体蒸发器 3.27 kg·m−2·h−1 194.40% 棉棒输送水 光热 否 —— [11] 通过原位生长将碳纳米管长在碳纤维上 1.40 kg·m−2·h−1 —— 直接置于水面 光热 否 —— [53] 由疏水性聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)/多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)层和具有亲水性三维梯度结构的聚多巴胺(PDA)改性
CF/PPS纤维基板组成的自浮太阳能蒸发膜1.24 kg·m−2·h−1 79.20% PDA改性CF/PPS亲水性纤维输送水 光热 否 —— [54] 采用PDA对具有良好光吸收性的疏水性工业级碳膜(CFM)进行表面改性,用于建造无盐分积累的高效悬挂式蒸发器 1.79 kg·m−2·h−1 92.60% 改性碳纤维织物 光热 否 —— [55] 通过编织法制备碳纤维/天丝复合编织纱(CBY),并制备成驱蚊香状织物 1.84 kg·m−2·h−1光热;2.97 kg·m−2·h−1光电协同 88% 亲水性天丝纤维输
送水光电协同 是 3 V [65] 制备沸石-壳聚糖-TiO2@PPy气凝胶(ZCTP),并利用碳纤维加热丝电驱动 1.66 kg·m−2·h−1光热;11.7 kg·m−2·h−1光电协同 —— 气凝胶内部垂直排列多孔结构输送水 光电协同 是 5 V [63] 使用疏水性碳纤维布 (CC) 涂有金属有机
框架 (MOF) 衍生的超亲水碳膜,并弯曲成
拱形结构3.21 kg·m−2·h−1光热;5.5 kg·m−2·h−1光电协同 —— 亲水性碳膜输送水 光电协同 是 5 V [66] -
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