Research progress and the prospect of humidity response actuators
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摘要: 本文总结了近几年湿度响应致动器的研究进展，从湿度响应致动器分类和驱动原理出发，主要讨论了响应性材料和致动器结构设计，对湿度响应材料目前的发展现状和存在的关键科学难点进行了系统的总结，旨在为具有新颖功能的智能微型致动器提供新的设计思路。多刺激响应、可编程，多功能和驱动-传感-控制一体化等多学科交叉研究方向将是未来湿度响应致动器研究新的突破点。Abstract: In this review, the research progress of humidity response actuators in recent years is summarized. The responsive materials and actuator structural design are mainly discussed starting from the classification and driving principle of humidity response actuators. The current development status of humidity response materials and the existing key scientific difficulties are systematically summarized. This research attempts to provide a new design idea for intelligent micro-actuators with novel functions. Multiple stimulation response, programmable, multifunctional, and the integration of driving-sensing-control will be a breakthrough in the future research of humidity response actuators.
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Key words:
- humidity response /
- actuator /
- composite materials /
- flexible material /
- intelligent device
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图 1 不同结构致动器的变形原理示意图：(a) 单层薄膜致动器；(b) 双层薄膜致动器；(c) 纤维拉伸；(d) 扭转致动器；(e) 球形致动器
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of deformation principle of actuator with different structure: (a) Single layer film actuator; (b) Double layer film actuator; (c) Stretch fibrous actuators; (d) Torsion fibrous actuators; (e) Spherical actuators
LA—Length of active layer; LI—Length of inert layer; L0—Initial length; ΔL—Length change
图 2 薄膜致动器 (a) 和纤维扭转致动器 (b)的致动机制示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of actuating mechanism of layer film actuator (a) and fibrous torsion actuator (b)
L—Length of the actuator; θ—Angle of bend; θ/2—String cut angle of the actuator; x, y—Horizontal and vertical displacement of the actuator; r—Radius of the actuator; α—Offset angle; h—Distance from yarn surface to center
图 3 ((a), (b)) 亲水改性的碳纳米管 (CNTs)纤维致动器示意图和操控智能窗开关应用[13]；((c), (d)) 聚对苯并二异唑纳米纤维(PBONF)增强的CNT/聚乙烯醇(PVA)双层薄膜致动器的微观结构和晴雨天预测应用[15]；((e), (f)) 双向取向聚丙烯(BOPP)-CNT纸复合薄膜致动器的微观结构和湿度响应性能[16]；(g) 壳聚糖(CS)/多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)复合薄膜致动器举重物展示[17]
Figure 3. ((a), (b)) Schematic diagram of a hydrophilic modified carbon nanotubes (CNTs) fiber actuator and application of a control intelligent window switch[13]; ((c), (d)) Microstructure of poly p-benzodiisazole nanofibers (PBONF) reinforced CNT/ polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) double film actuator and its application in sunny and rainy weather prediction[15]; ((e), (f)) Microstructure and humidity response of biaxially-oriented polypropylene (BOPP)-CNT paper composite film actuator[16]; (g) Weight lifting display of chitosan (CS)/multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) composite thin film actuator[17]
RH—Relative humidity; HSF—Hydrophilic secondary fiber
图 5 ((a), (b)) 不对称结构的GO膜的制备流程和湿度响应性能备流程和湿度响应性能[21]；((c), (d)) 单一周期梯度结构GO薄膜的结构示意图和湿度响应性能[22]；((e)~(g)) 周期性格栅结构GO薄膜致动器的制备流程和不同格栅间距薄膜湿度响应性能[23]
Figure 5. ((a), (b)) Preparation process and humidity response of asymmetric GO membrane[21]; ((c), (d)) Structure diagram and humidity response performance of GO films with single period gradient structure[22]; ((e)-(g)) Fabrication process of periodic grid structure GO film actuator and humidity response with different grid spacing[23]
AGO-S—Smooth layer of the AGO film; AGO-W—Wavy layer of the AGO film; F1—Reacting forces; PDMS—Polydimethylsiloxane
图 6 (a) 自支撑MXene薄膜致动器的结构示意图[28]；MXene/碳纳米纤维(CNF)/聚多巴胺(PDA)(G-MXCP)薄膜致动器的结构示意图 (b) 和爬行器的踩踏实验图 (c)[29]； MXene/GO薄膜致动器的微观结构图 (d) 和电磁屏蔽性能 (e)[30]
Figure 6. (a) Schematic diagram of self-standing MXene membrane actuator[28]; Schematic diagram of MXene/carbon nanofiber (CNF)/polydopamine (PDA) (G-MXCP) film actuator (b) and the trample of the tractor (c)[29]; Microstructure diagram (d) and electromagnetic shielding performance of MXene/GO film actuator (e)[30]
PI—Polyimide
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