Test of factors affecting bonding performance of externally bonded CFRP-ECC
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摘要: 外部粘贴碳纤维增强聚合物(Carbon fiber reinforced polymer，CFRP)的加固方法常常由于CFRP的过早脱粘而造成加固效果不佳。在CFRP与混凝土之间设置一层工程水泥基复合材料(Engineered cementitious composite，ECC)能够改善这一状况。为研究外部粘贴CFRP-ECC粘结性能的影响因素，对二十个试件进行双剪试验，考虑的因素包括ECC表面是否打磨、ECC拉伸强度、CFRP宽度、厚度、粘贴长度、粘结层剪切模量等。结果表明，ECC表面打磨对粘结关系有显著影响，打磨组试件的极限载荷提高了58.34%至101.44%。增加CFRP的厚度是提高ECC-CFRP粘结性能的一项非常有效的方法，将CFRP的厚度从0.127 mm增加到0.217 mm后，极限载荷提高了54.34%。将ECC的抗拉强度从0.8 MPa提高到2.8 MPa后，极限载荷增加了25.40%。当抗拉强度超过2.8 MPa时，由于ECC的强度较高，ECC中持力长度变短，导致有效粘结长度减少，最终导致极限载荷降低。此外，粘结层剪切模量对粘结关系的影响较小。Abstract: The reinforcement method of externally applied carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is often ineffective due to premature debonding of CFRP. This situation can be improved by placing a layer of engineered cementitious composite (ECC) between CFRP and concrete. In order to investigate the factors affecting the bond performance of externally applied CFRP-ECC, twenty specimens were subjected to double shear tests, and the factors considered included whether the ECC surface was polished or not, the tensile strength of ECC, the width and thickness of CFRP, the length of adhesion, and the shear modulus of the adhesive layer, etc. The results show that the ECC surface is not polished, and the ECC is not polished. The results show that ECC surface sanding has a significant effect on the bond relationship, and the ultimate loads of the sanded group of specimens increase by 58.34% to 101.44%. Increasing the thickness of CFRP is a very effective way to improve the bonding performance of ECC-CFRP. Increasing the thickness of CFRP from 0.127 mm to 0.217 mm increases the ultimate load by 54.34%. Increasing the tensile strength of ECC from 0.8 MPa to 2.8 MPa increases the ultimate load by 25.40%. When the tensile strength exceeds 2.8 MPa, the holding length in the ECC becomes shorter due to the higher strength of the ECC, which leads to the reduction of the effective bond length, and ultimately leads to the reduction of the ultimate load. In addition, the shear modulus of the bond layer has a small effect on the bond relationship.
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Key words:
- ECC /
- CFRP /
- double shear test /
- bonding performance /
- parametric sensitivity analysis
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图 6 系列I试件CFRP-混凝土的荷载-滑移曲线
Figure 6. CFRP-concrete load-slip curves for series I specimens
图 7 系列II试件CFRP-ECC的荷载-滑移曲线
Figure 7. CFRP-ECC load-slip curves for series II specimens
图 8 系列III试件CFRP-ECC的荷载-滑移曲线
Figure 8. CFRP-ECC load-slip curves for series III specimens
图 9 CFRP-ECC试件和CFRP-混凝土的极限荷载
Figure 9. Ultimate load of CFRP-ECC specimens and CFRP-concrete specimens
图 11 典型试件的CFRP-ECC界面滑移分布
Figure 11. Slip distribution at the CFRP-ECC interface of typical specimens
图 13 ECC、CFRP、钢筋的本构关系
Figure 13. Constitutive relationships of ECC, CFRP, and steel reinforcement
$\sigma _{{\text{tc}}}^{\text{E}}$= ECC tensile cracking strength; $\varepsilon _{{\text{tc}}}^{\text{E}}$= ECC cracking strain; $\varepsilon _{{\text{tu}}}^{\text{E}}$= ECC ultimate tensile strength; $E_{\text{t}}^{\text{S}}$= Young’s modulus of steel; $f_{{\text{ty}}}^{\text{S}}$= yield strength of steel; $\varepsilon _{{\text{ty}}}^{\text{S}}$= yield strain of steel; $\varepsilon _{{\text{tu}}}^{\text{S}}$= ultimate strain of steel; $E_{\text{t}}^{\text{F}}$ = Young’s modulus of CFRP; $\varepsilon _{{\text{tu}}}^{\text{F}}$ = ultimate strain of CFRP. ${t_{\text{n}}}$,${t_{\text{s}}}$,${t_{\text{t}}}$= representing pure type I (open), pure type II (slip-open) and pure type III (tear-open) stresses, respectively; $ \text{ }{t}_{\text{n}}^{\text{A}} $,$t_{\text{s}}^{\text{A}}$,$t_{\text{t}}^{\text{A}}$ = representing pure type I (open), pure type II (slip-open) and pure type III (tear-open) ultimate stresses, respectively
图 16 CFRP-ECC模型测试数据与模拟数据的比较
Figure 16. Comparison of CFRP-ECC model test data with simulated data
图 18 单变量的CFRP-ECC极限载荷和极限滑移
Figure 18. Single variable CFRP-ECC ultimate load and ultimate slip
图 21 31~105 双变量模型的CFRP-ECC极限载荷
Figure 21. CFRP-ECC ultimate load of 31-105 two variables models
表 1 试件设计
Table 1. Specimens design
Series Number Specimen ID Material Adhesive
thickness/mmBonding
length/mmCFRP layers CFRP
width/mmI 1 C30-1 C30 1 350 1 50 2 C30-2 C30 1 350 2 50 3 C60-1 C60 1 350 1 50 4 C60-2 C60 1 350 2 50 II 5 E1-1 ECC1 1 280 1 50 6 E1-2 ECC1 1 280 2 50 7 E2-1 ECC2 1 280 1 50 8 E2-2 ECC2 1 280 2 50 9 E2-3 ECC2 1 280 3 50 10 E2-4 ECC2 1 280 1 75 11 E2-5 ECC2 1 280 1 100 12 E2-6 ECC2 1 350 1 50 13 E2-7 ECC2 2 350 1 50 14 E3-1 ECC3 1 280 1 50 III 15 E1-1 m ECC1 1 280 1 50 16 E1-2 m ECC1 1 280 2 50 17 E2-1 m ECC2 1 280 1 50 18 E2-2 m ECC2 1 280 2 50 19 E2-4 m ECC2 1 280 1 75 20 E3-1 m ECC3 1 280 1 50 Note: In specimen ID, Series I uses C30 and C60 grade concrete, while Series II and III use three different ECC materials as E1, E2, E3; The specimens of the harmonized materials are differentiated by numbers; Series III specimen ID ‘m’ stands for polished. In material, ECC1, ECC2, and ECC3 represent the use of ECC materials with different PVA fiber mixing ratios, 19.5, 26, 21.5 kg/m3 respectively. 
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表 2 ECC配合比(kg/m3)
Table 2. Mix proportion of ECC (kg/m3)
ID Water Cement Fly ash Fine sand Middle sand Grit sand PVA fiber Water reducer ECC1 378 467 933 126 252 126 19.5 1.4 ECC2 378 467 933 126 252 126 26 1.4 ECC3 378 467 933 126 252 126 32.5 1.4
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表 3 ECC 拉伸性能参数
Table 3. Tensile property parameters of ECC
ID Cracking strength/MPa Ultimate strength/MPa Ultimate strain/% ECC1 2.10 1.94 2.2 ECC2 2.25 2.75 3 ECC3 2.30 3.09 3.4
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表 4 CFRP 和粘合剂的性能参数
Table 4. Performance parameters of CFRP and adhesive
Material Tensile
strength/
MPaTensile
modulus of
elasticity/GPaElongation/
%Bending
strength/
MPaCFRP 3525 249 1.7 744 Epoxy resin
adhesive31 2.535 1.55 53 Normal tensile bond strength of fiber-reinforced composites to concrete under external bonding conditions 3.3 MPa
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表 5 Cohesive单元参数设置(单位：MPa)
Table 5. Cohesive unit parameter settings (Unit: MPa)
${K_{{\text{nn}}}}$ ${K_{{\text{ss}}}}$ ${K_{{\text{tt}}}}$ $t_{\text{n}}^{\text{A}}$ $t_{\text{s}}^{\text{A}}$ $t_{\text{t}}^{\text{A}}$ 1850 560 560 13.6 13.7 13.7 Notes: ${K_{{\text{nn}}}}$ = Axial stiffness;${K_{{\text{ss}}}}$,${K_{{\text{tt}}}}$=normal stiffness; $t_{\text{n}}^{\text{A}}$, $t_{\text{s}}^{\text{A}}$, $t_{\text{t}}^{\text{A}}$ = representing pure type I (open), pure type II (slip-open) and pure type III (tear-open) ultimate stresses, respectively.
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表 6 CFRP-ECC参数分析试件信息
Table 6. Parametric analysis specimens information of CFRP-ECC
Variant ID ECC tensile strength /MPa Adhesive layer shear modulus /MPa CFRP thickness /mm Single variable 1-10 3.8 560 0.127-0.217 11-20 3.8 360-810 0.167 21-30 0.8-9.8 560 0.167 Two variables 31-55 7 360-810 0.127-0.227 56-80 3-12 360-810 0.167 81-105 3-12 560 0.127-0.227
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