Eu3+/Tb3+掺杂YAG-ZrO2纤维增强铝基复合材料的应力-应变光谱响应

孙卫民; 张振鹏; 寇生中; 何玲; 杨小凤

Eu³⁺/Tb³⁺掺杂YAG-ZrO₂纤维增强铝基复合材料的应力-应变光谱响应

孙卫民^{1, 2},
张振鹏^{1, 2},
寇生中^{1, 2, ,},
何玲^{1, 2},
杨小凤³

1.
兰州理工大学　材料科学与工程学院兰州 730050
2.
省部共建有色金属先进加工与再利用国家重点实验室兰州 730050
3.
甘肃稀土新材料股份有限公司白银 730900

基金项目: 甘肃省科技重大专项(22ZD6GA008)；中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2023-0401--0076)

详细信息

通讯作者:
寇生中，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为块体非晶合金材料的制备及力学性能、金属基复合材料、金属单晶体制备等方面的研究　E-mail: koushengzhong@163.com

中图分类号: TB333
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-03-12
- 修回日期: 2024-04-26
- 录用日期: 2024-05-13
- 网络出版日期: 2024-06-13

Stress-strain spectral response of Eu³⁺/Tb³⁺ doped YAG-ZrO₂ fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composites

SUN Weimin^{1, 2},
ZHANG Zhenpeng^{1, 2},
KOU Shengzhong^{1, 2
, ,},
HE Ling^{1, 2},
YANG Xiaofeng³

1.
Lanzhou University of Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou 730050, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals, Lanzhou 730050, China
3.
Gansu rare earth new materials joint stock company, Baiyin 730900, China

Funds: Gansu science and technology major special projects (22ZD6GA008); Central Guidance for Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project (2023-0401--0076)

摘要

摘要: 复合材料的失效通常来自于外加载荷的周期循环过程中应力的积累与释放，因此，应力应变监测在纤维增强铝基复合材料的寿命评估和失效预警等方面具有非常重要的影响，但是复合材料变形区的应力应变很难直观的表征，利用稀土的荧光性能对应力-应变进行检测是一种可行的检测方法，其优点是稀土离子的荧光谱线丰富大多尖锐并且容易观测，而且大多对应力敏感性高。选取Eu³⁺和Tb³⁺作为发光中心，通过静电纺丝掺杂到YAG-ZrO₂复合纤维中，以下简称(YAG:Eu³⁺-ZrO₂)_cf和(YAG:Tb³⁺-ZrO₂)_cf。通过热压烧结将(YAG:Eu³⁺/Tb³⁺-ZrO₂)_cf和2024铝粉复合，得到(YAG:Eu³⁺/Tb³⁺-ZrO₂)_cf增强铝基复合材料。利用动态拉伸荧光传感对(YAG:Eu³⁺/Tb³⁺-ZrO₂)_cf增强铝基复合材料在动态拉伸下的发光特性进行了表征，并通过发射光谱重心波长随应力的变化研究内应力的发光传感机制。结果表明，随着拉应力的增加，Eu³⁺的⁵D₀→⁷F₁跃迁表现出有规律的红移，Tb³⁺的⁵D₄-⁷F₅跃迁表现出有规律的蓝移，并且Eu³⁺表现出更高的传感精度。本文为基于Eu³⁺和Tb³⁺应力传感器材料的开发提供了思路。
- 铝基复合材料 /
- 稀土离子 /
- 应力发光 /
- 应力-应变 /
- 光谱响应
Abstract: Composite materials typically fail due to the accumulation and release of stress during the cyclic loading process of external loads. Therefore, stress-strain monitoring plays a crucial role in the assessment of the lifespan and failure prediction of fiber-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials. However, it is challenging to visually characterize stress and strain in the deformation zone of composite materials. Using the fluorescence properties of rare earth ions for stress-strain detection is a feasible approach. The advantage of this method lies in the rich and sharp fluorescence spectra of rare earth ions, which are easy to observe and are highly sensitive to stress. In this study, Eu³⁺ and Tb³⁺ were selected as luminescent centers and incorporated into YAG-ZrO₂ composite fibers, hereinafter referred to as (YAG:Eu³⁺/Tb³⁺-ZrO₂)_cf These were combined with 2024 aluminum powder through hot pressing and sintering to create (YAG:Eu³⁺/Tb³⁺-ZrO₂)_cf-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials. Dynamic tensile fluorescence sensing was used to characterize the luminescent properties of (YAG:Eu³⁺/Tb³⁺-ZrO₂)_cf -reinforced aluminum-based composite materials under dynamic tensile conditions. Additionally, the change in emission spectrum centroid wavelength with stress was investigated to study the luminescence sensing mechanism of internal stress. The results indicate that with increasing tensile stress, Eu³⁺ displays a systematic red shift in the ⁵D₀-⁷F₁ transition, Tb³⁺ exhibits a consistent blue shift in the ⁵D₄-⁷F₅ transition, while with Eu³⁺ demonstrating higher sensing accuracy. This study provides insights into the development of stress sensor materials based on Eu³⁺ and Tb³⁺.
- Aluminum matrix composites /
- rare earth ions /
- stress luminescence /
- stress-strain /
- spectral response

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图 1 拉伸应力荧光测试装置示意图

Figure 1. The device schematic of fluorescence measurement for tensile stress.

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图 2 (a)不同Eu³⁺掺杂量的(YAG:Eu³⁺-ZrO₂)_cf XRD图谱；(b)不同Tb³⁺掺杂量的(YAG:Tb³⁺-ZrO₂)_cf XRD图谱

Figure 2. (a) (YAG:Eu³⁺-ZrO₂)_cf XRD spectra with different Eu³⁺ doping amounts; (b) (YAG:Tb³⁺-ZrO₂)_cf XRD spectra with different Tb³⁺ doping amounts

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图 3 (a)(b)(YAG:Tb³⁺/Eu³⁺-ZrO₂)_cf的SEM图像；(c)(d)基体和(YAG:Tb³⁺/Eu³⁺-ZrO₂)_cf/Al复合材料断口形貌图；(e)(f)(YAG:Tb³⁺/Eu³⁺-ZrO₂)_cf的EDS能谱图

Figure 3. (a)(b)SEM images of (YAG:Tb³⁺/Eu³⁺-ZrO₂)_cf;(c)(d)matrix and (YAG:Tb³⁺/Eu³⁺-ZrO₂)_cf aluminum matrix composite Fracture morphology;(e)(f)EDS spectra of (YAG:Tb³⁺/Eu³⁺-ZrO₂)_cf

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图 4 (a)不同掺杂量复合材料致密度变化曲线；(b)不同掺杂量复合材料硬度变化曲线

Figure 4. (a) Density curves of composites with different doping amounts;(b)Hardness curves of composites with different doping amounts

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图 5 (a)(b)(YAG:Eu³⁺-ZrO₂)_cf/Al复合材料激发和发射光谱；(c)(d)(YAG:Tb³⁺-ZrO₂)_cf/Al复合材料激发和发射光谱

Figure 5. (a)(b) (YAG:Eu³⁺-ZrO₂)_cf/Al composite excitation and emission spectra;(c)(d) (YAG:Tb³⁺-ZrO₂)_cf/Al composite excitation and emission spectra

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图 6 (YAG:Eu³⁺-ZrO₂)_cf/Al复合材料动态拉伸情况下的发射光谱变化(a)初始图；(b)归一化，插图为局部放大图

Figure 6. Emission spectrum changes of (YAG:Eu³⁺-ZrO₂)_cf/Al composites under dynamic stretching (a) initial map; (b) normalization, The inset image is a partial enlarged view

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图 7 (YAG:Eu³⁺-ZrO₂)_cf/Al复合材料重心波长随拉应力的变化

Figure 7. Variation of center of gravity wavelength with tensile stress in (YAG:Eu³⁺-ZrO₂)_cf/Al composites

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图 8 (YAG:Tb³⁺-ZrO₂)_cf/Al复合材料动态拉伸情况下的发射光谱变化(a)初始图；(b)归一化，插图为局部放大图

Figure 8. Emission spectrum changes of (YAG:Tb³⁺-ZrO₂)_cf/Al composites under dynamic stretching (a) initial map; (b) normalization, The inset image is a partial enlarged view

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图 9 (YAG:Tb³⁺-ZrO₂)_cf/Al复合材料重心波长随拉应力的变化

Figure 9. Variation of center of gravity wavelength with tensile stress in (YAG:Tb³⁺-ZrO₂)_cf/Al composites

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图 10 (YAG:Eu³⁺-ZrO₂)_cf/Al复合材料原位拉伸XRD图谱

Figure 10. In situ tensile XRD pattern of (YAG:Eu³⁺-ZrO₂)_cf/Al composites

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图 11 (YAG:Eu³⁺-ZrO₂)_cf/Al复合材料内应力随拉应力的变化

Figure 11. Variation of internal stress with tensile stress in (YAG:Eu³⁺-ZrO₂)_cf/Al composites

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表 1 2024铝合金粉的化学成分

Table 1. Chemical composition of 2024 Al alloy powder

Element	Cu	Mg	Fe	Si	Mn	Zn	Others	Al
Content/wt%	4.5	1.4	0.5	0.5	0.48	0.25	0.25	Bal.

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表 2 未掺杂Eu³⁺的YAG与8％Eu³⁺掺杂YAG的XRD数据

Table 2. XRD Data of YAG Undoped with Eu³⁺ and YAG Doped with 8% Eu³⁺

sample	crystal plane parameter
	(420)		(521)		(532)
	2θ/(°)	d/nm	2θ/(°)	d/nm	2θ/(°)	d/nm
YAG	33.416	1.2021	41.249	1.2024	46.489	1.2024
YAG:Eu³⁺ (8％)	33.357	1.2048	41.159	1.2045	46.409	1.2037
Notes：2θ is the incident angle of X-ray diffraction of the material; d is the crystal plane spacing.

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表 3 Al基(111)晶面的弹性常数和泊松比

Table 3. Elastic constants and Poisson's ratios of Al-based (111) planes

phase	crystal plane	ν	E
Al	111	0.19035	44.465
Notes：ν and E are the elastic constants and poisson's ratios of the Al (111) Plane.

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表 4 (YAG:Eu³⁺-ZrO₂)_cf/Al复合材料内应力计算结果

Table 4. Calculation Results of Internal Stress of (YAG:Eu³⁺-ZrO₂)_cf/Al Composites

Tensile stress (MPa)	2θ/(°)	Β/(°)	b/(°)	β/rad	ε_m×10^-3	σ/MPa
50 MPa	41.2608	0.7577	0.096	0.0115	7.6689	340.9976
100 MPa	41.0534	0.7660	0.096	0.0117	7.8079	347.1783
150 MPa	40.9941	0.7739	0.096	0.0118	7.9125	351.8293
200 MPa	40.3919	0.7810	0.097	0.0119	8.1134	360.4623
250 MPa	40.3433	0.7993	0.097	0.0122	8.3414	370.9003
Notes：2θ and B are the incident angles and half-width of (YAG:Eu³⁺ -ZrO₂)_cf/Al composite X-ray diffraction; b is the width of the instrument slit; β is the result of deducting the slit width; ε_m and σ are the microscopic strain and internal stress of the composite, respectively.

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Eu³⁺/Tb³⁺掺杂YAG-ZrO₂纤维增强铝基复合材料的应力-应变光谱响应

通讯作者:
寇生中，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为块体非晶合金材料的制备及力学性能、金属基复合材料、金属单晶体制备等方面的研究　E-mail: koushengzhong@163.com

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Stress-strain spectral response of Eu³⁺/Tb³⁺ doped YAG-ZrO₂ fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composites

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