B<sub>4</sub>C-SiC复合陶瓷力学性能的研究进展

张巍

B₄C-SiC复合陶瓷力学性能的研究进展

张巍^,

中国科学院金属研究所沈阳材料科学国家研究中心, 沈阳 110016

基金项目: 辽宁省自然科学基金(2022-MS-013)，中国科学院金属研究所自主部署项目(E255L401)，沈阳材料科学国家研究中心青年人才项目(E21SL412)

详细信息

通讯作者:
张巍，博士，副研究员，硕士生导师，研究方向为无机非金属材料结构和物性　E-mail: cnzhangwei2008@126.com

中图分类号: TB321; TB332
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-03-22
- 修回日期: 2024-04-16
- 录用日期: 2024-04-23
- 网络出版日期: 2024-06-05

Advance in investigation on mechanical properties of B₄C-SiC composite ceramics

ZHANG Wei^,

Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

Funds: Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China (2022-MS-013), Starting Grants of Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Science (E255L401), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (E21SL412)

摘要

摘要: B₄C-SiC复合陶瓷结合了碳化硼(B₄C)和碳化硅(SiC)的性能，具有良好的物理和力学性能。与单相B₄C陶瓷相比，B₄C-SiC复合陶瓷具有更高的断裂韧性；与单相SiC陶瓷相比，B₄C-SiC复合陶瓷具有更大的硬度。B₄C-SiC复合陶瓷有望替代单相B₄C陶瓷和单相SiC陶瓷广泛应用于工程领域。B₄C-SiC复合陶瓷的力学性能与B₄C-SiC复合粉体的颗粒分散均匀性有关。同时，B₄C-SiC复合陶瓷的力学性能还受微观结构和相组成的影响。为了降低B₄C-SiC复合陶瓷的烧结温度，常在原料中添加烧结助剂，常用的烧结助剂主要有：碳、氧化物、硼化物、碳化物、金属单质、非金属单质(除碳外)。不同烧结助剂促进B₄C-SiC复合陶瓷烧结的机制各不相同；同时，这些烧结助剂通过影响B₄C-SiC复合陶瓷的微观结构进而影响其力学性能。本文根据B₄C-SiC复合陶瓷力学性能的研究结果，从B₄C-SiC复合粉体、微观结构、相组成和烧结助剂等方面详细阐述了B₄C-SiC复合陶瓷力学性能的影响因素，以期为B₄C-SiC复合陶瓷的设计和研究提供依据。
- B₄C-SiC /
- 复合陶瓷 /
- 力学性能 /
- 微观结构 /
- 烧结助剂
Abstract: B₄C-SiC composite ceramics combine the properties of boron carbide (B₄C) and silicon carbide (SiC) and have good physical and mechanical properties. Compared with monolithic B₄C ceramics, B₄C-SiC composite ceramics have improved fracture toughness. Compared with monolithic SiC ceramics, B₄C-SiC composite ceramics possess increased hardness. B₄C-SiC composite ceramics are expected to replace monolithic B₄C ceramics and monolithic SiC ceramics to be widely used in engineering fields. The mechanical properties of B₄C-SiC composite ceramics are related to the particle dispersion uniformity of B₄C-SiC composite powders. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties of B₄C-SiC composite ceramics are also influenced by their microstructure and phase composition. In order to reduce the sintering temperature of B₄C-SiC composite ceramics, sintering additives are often added to the raw materials. The commonly used sintering additives include carbon, oxides, borides, carbides, metallic elements, and non-metallic elements (excluding carbon). The mechanisms by which different sintering additives promote the sintering of B₄C-SiC composite ceramics vary. At the same time, these sintering additives affect the microstructure of B₄C-SiC composite ceramics, which in turn affects their mechanical properties. Based on the research results of mechanical properties of B₄C-SiC composite ceramics in recent years, the influencing factors of mechanical properties of B₄C-SiC composite ceramics are summarized in this review from the aspects of B₄C-SiC composite powders, microstructure, phase composition, and sintering additives, so as to provide a basis for the design and investigation of B₄C-SiC composite ceramics.
- boron carbide-silicon carbide /
- composite ceramics /
- mechanical property /
- microstructure /
- sintering additive

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图 1 B₄C-SiC复合陶瓷的应用

Figure 1. Applications of B₄C-SiC composite ceramics

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图 2 B₄C-50wt%SiC复合陶瓷的微观结构：(a)以湿磨后的B₄C-SiC复合粉体为原料，(b)以干磨后的B₄C-SiC复合粉体为原料^[42]

Figure 2. Microstructure of B₄C-50wt%SiC composite ceramics produced from: (a) B₄C-SiC composite powders after wet ball milling and (b) B₄C-SiC composite powders after dry mixing^[42]

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图 3 B₄C-SiC复合陶瓷的力学性能：(a)以湿磨后的B₄C-SiC复合粉体为原料，(b)以干磨后的B₄C-SiC复合粉体为原料^[42]

Figure 3. Mechanical properties of B₄C-SiC composite ceramics produced from: (a) B₄C-SiC composite powders after wet ball milling and (b) B₄C-SiC composite powders after dry mixing^[42]

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图 4 B₄C-50wt%SiC复合陶瓷断面的微观结构：(a)以高能球磨的B₄C-SiC复合粉体为原料，(b)以普通球磨的B₄C-SiC复合粉体为原料^[47]

Figure 4. Microstructure of fracture surfaces of B₄C-50wt%SiC composite ceramics produced from: (a) B₄C-SiC composite powders prepared by high-energy ball milling and (b) B₄C-SiC composite powders prepared by ball milling^[47]

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图 5 固相烧结B₄C-SiC复合陶瓷的相界特征、裂纹扩展及断面：(a)洁净且清晰的相界^[50]，(b)穿晶扩展^[47]，(c)断面处粗糙的SiC晶粒^[54]

Figure 5. Phase boundary characteristics, crack propagation, and fracture surface of solid-state sintered B₄C-SiC composite ceramics: (a) clean and clear phase boundary^[50], (b) transgranular propagation mode^[47], and (c) fracture surface exhibiting rougher SiC grains^[54]

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图 6 不同B₄C与SiC质量比的B₄C-SiC复合陶瓷的抛光表面形貌：(a) 80∶20，(b) 60∶40，(c) 40∶60，(d) 20∶80^[59]

Figure 6. Morphologies of polished surface of B₄C-SiC composite ceramics with different mass ratios of B₄C to SiC: (a) 80∶20, (b) 60∶40, (c) 40∶60, (d) 20∶80^[59]

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图 7 含有5wt%氧化石墨烯烧结助剂的B₄C-SiC复合陶瓷表面的裂纹扩展：(a)石墨烯桥联，(b)石墨烯拔出^[74]

Figure 7. Crack propagation on surface of B₄C-SiC composite ceramics with sintering additive of 5wt% graphene oxide: (a) graphene oxide bridging and (b) graphene oxide pull-out^[74]

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图 8 含有5wt%CeO₂烧结助剂的B₄C-SiC复合陶瓷表面的裂纹扩展：(a)裂纹偏转，(b)裂纹桥联^[78]

Figure 8. Crack propagation on surface of B₄C-SiC composite ceramics with sintering additive of 5wt%CeO₂: (a) crack deflection and (b) crack bridging^[78]

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图 9 B₄C-40wt%SiC复合陶瓷表面的裂纹扩展：(a)未添加TiB₂，(b)添加5wt%TiB₂^[94]

Figure 9. Crack propagation on surface of B₄C-40wt%SiC composite ceramics: (a) without addition of TiB₂ and (b) with addition of 5wt%TiB₂^[94]

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表 1 含有不同碳烧结助剂的B₄C-SiC复合陶瓷的力学性能

Table 1. Mechanical properties of B₄C-SiC composite ceramics with different carbon sintering additives

Ceramics	Sintering additive	Content of sintering additive/wt%	Sintering method	Relative density/%	Vickers hardness/ GPa (9.8 N)	Bending strength/ MPa	Fracture toughness/ (MPa·m^1/2)	Elastic modulus/ GPa	Ref.
B₄C-9wt%SiC	Carbon black	2	Hot-press	99.6	-	403	5.26 (SENB)	-	[70]
B₄C-15wt%SiC	No	No	Spark plasma	96.6	30.3	-	6.00 (IF)	-	[32]
B₄C-15wt%SiC	Graphite	2	Spark plasma	98.8	25.7	-	5.50 (IF)	-	[32]
B₄C-15wt%SiC	Graphene oxide	5	Spark plasma	99.2	34.2	545	5.72 (IF)	444	[74]
Notes: The bending strength is measured according to three-point bending test method. ‘SENB’ and ‘IF’ represent that the fracture toughness is measured according to single edge notched beam method and indentation-fracture method, respectively.

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表 2 含有不同氧化物烧结助剂的B₄C-SiC复合陶瓷的力学性能

Table 2. Mechanical properties of B₄C-SiC composite ceramics with different oxide sintering additives

Ceramics	Sintering additive	Content of sintering additive	Sintering method	Relative density/%	Vickers hardness/ GPa	Bending strength/ MPa	Fracture toughness/ (MPa·m^1/2)	Ref.
B₄C-10wt%SiC	Al₂O₃	3wt%	Spark plasma	99.5	35.1 (3 N)	-	5.9 (IF)	[76]
B₄C-10wt%SiC	Al₂O₃	6wt%	Spark plasma	99.1	33.7 (3 N)	-	6.5 (IF)	[76]
B₄C-15vol%SiC	No	No	Spark plasma	97.8	31.1 (9.8 N)	-	-	[77]
B₄C-15vol%SiC	Y₂O₃	5wt%	Spark plasma	98.2	33.0 (9.8 N)	-	-	[77]
B₄C-15wt%SiC	No	No	Pressureless	85.8	19.8 (9.8 N)	194	2.40 (SENB)	[78]
	CeO₂	1wt%		91.2	26.0 (9.8 N)	270	3.25 (SENB)
	CeO₂	5wt%		96.4	32.2 (9.8 N)	380	4.32 (SENB)
	CeO₂	9wt%		93.4	27.0 (9.8 N)	330	4.00 (SENB)
B₄C-9wt%SiC	No	No	Pressureless	82.8	-	307	3.72 (SENB)	[81]
B₄C-9wt%SiC	Al₂O₃-Y₂O₃	15wt%	Pressureless	98.8	-	496	4.57 (SENB)	[81]
B₄C-10wt%SiC	Al₂O₃:Y₂O₃(5:3, molar ratio)	10vol%	Pressureless	91.5	29.5 (9.8 N)	-	-	[83]
B₄C-10wt%SiC	AlN:Y₂O₃(3:2, molar ratio)	10vol%	Pressureless	93.4	30.3 (9.8 N)	-	-	[83]

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表 3 含有不同硼化物或碳化物烧结助剂的B₄C-SiC复合陶瓷的力学性能

Table 3. Mechanical properties of B₄C-SiC composite ceramics with different boride or carbide sintering additives

Ceramics	Sintering additive	Content of sintering additive	Sintering method	Relative density/%	Vickers hardness/ GPa (9.8 N)	Bending strength/ MPa	Fracture toughness/ (MPa·m^1/2)	Elastic modulus/ GPa	Ref.
B₄C-40wt%SiC	No	No	Spark plasma	99.5	29.5	-	2.39 (IF)	436	[94]
	TiB₂	10wt%		99.0	28.5	-	3.07 (IF)	427
	TiB₂	20wt%		98.4	23.4	-	2.96 (IF)	415
B₄C-10vol%SiC	TiB₂	30vol%	Hot-press	99.2	32.8	858	8.21 (SENB)	-	[95]
B₄C-10vol%SiC	ZrB₂	30vol%	Hot-press	99.7	-	612	-	-	[96]
B₄C-20wt%SiC	TiC	3wt%	Pressureless	89.7	-	176	4.57 (SENB)	-	[98]
	TiC	12wt%		94.5	-	239	4.91 (SENB)	-
	TiC	15wt%		92.1	-	230	4.75 (SENB)	-

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表 4 含有不同金属或非金属单质烧结助剂的B₄C-SiC复合陶瓷的力学性能

Table 4. Mechanical properties of B₄C-SiC composite ceramics with different metallic or non-metallic elemental sintering additives

Ceramics	Sintering additive	Content of sintering additive/wt%	Sintering method	Relative density/%	Vickers hardness/ GPa (9.8 N)	Bending strength/ MPa	Fracture toughness/ (MPa·m^1/2)	Ref.
B₄C-50wt%SiC	No	No	Pressureless	97.5	-	290	-	[99]
B₄C-50wt%SiC	Ti	3	Pressureless	97.6	-	204	-	[99]
B₄C-15wt%SiC	No	No	Hot-press	95.4	24.0	265	4.96	[101]
	Si	4		95.8	26.4	260	5.06
	Si	15		98.3	31.0	350	5.40
B₄C-60wt%SiC	No	No	Pressureless	89.0	20.0	-	-	[103]
	Si	2		88.0	14.0	-	-
	Si	5		89.0	16.2	-	-
	Si	10		92.0	18.1	-	-
	Si	20		90.0	15.0	-	-
B₄C-60wt%SiC	No	No	Spark plasma	94.0	28.0	-	-	[103]
	Si	2		94.6	22.0	-	-
	Si	5		96.3	24.4	-	-
	Si	10		98.0	27.8	-	-
	Si	20		97.0	24.0	-	-

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