Piezoresistive effect of carbon fiber 3D angle-interlock woven composites under bending
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摘要: 电阻法在碳纤维复合材料结构健康监测(SHM)中具有巨大应用前景。本文研究了碳纤维三维角联锁机织复合材料经向和纬向试件在弯曲作用下力-电阻响应，探究电阻变化与复合材料结构损伤的相关性。试验结果表明：经向和纬向试件在弯曲作用下电阻变化与试件主要承载纱线损伤情况具有相关性。准静态三点弯曲加载下，试件电阻变化可以反映试件承载能力变化：在最大载荷点之前，试件电阻基本不变；主要承载纱线发生断裂损伤时，电阻增加。弯曲疲劳加载下，试件电阻变化可以反映试件承载能力退化情况：在弯曲疲劳加载前期，三维角联锁机织复合材料呈现负压阻效应；随着循环次数增加，基体裂纹、界面脱粘等不可逆损伤不断累积，电阻缓慢增大；在弯曲疲劳加载后期，主要承载纱线断裂，电阻显著增加；试件最终疲劳失效时，电阻急剧增加。Abstract: Electrical resistance method has great prospects in structural health monitoring (SHM) of carbon fiber reinforced composites. The piezoresistive effect of carbon fiber 3D angle-interlock woven composites in the warp direction and weft direction under bending was investigated to find the relationship between the resistance variation and structure damage. The experimental results show that the resistance variation of the warp and weft samples under bending corresponded with the damage of the main load-bearing yarns. The resistance variation of the composite reflected the change in the load-bearing ability of the composite under the quasi-static three-point bending test. The electrical resistance did not change before the maxim load, while that increased after the main load-bearing yarns occurred breakage. The resistance variation of the composite reflected the degradation in the load-bearing ability of the composite under the bending fatigue test. In the early stage of the bending fatigue test, the negative piezoresistive effect of the composites was observed. The electrical resistance increased slowly due to the accumulation of the irreversible damage including matrix cracks and interface debonding, while that increased significantly after the main load-bearing yarns were damaged. The electrical resistance increased dramatically when the samples occurred fatigue failure.
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图 1 三维角联锁机织复合材料结构示意图
Figure 1. Structure diagram of 3D angle-interlock woven composites
图 2 三维角联锁机织复合材料电阻测试：(a) 方法示意图；(b) 测试装置
Figure 2. Measurement method for electrical resistance of 3D angle-interlock woven composites: (a) Schematic diagram; (b) Testing set-up
图 3 三维角联锁机织复合材料经向试件在准静态弯曲加载下试验结果：(a) 载荷-挠度曲线和电阻-挠度曲线；(b) B点试件表面破坏形态；(c) C点试件表面破坏形态；(d) D点试件表面破坏形态
Figure 3. Measurement results of warp-direction 3D angle-interlock woven composite specimen during quasi-static bending test: (a) Load-deflection curve and resistance-deflection curve; (b) Surface failure morphology at point B; (c) Surface failure morphology at point C; (d) Surface failure morphology at point D
图 4 三维角联锁机织复合材料纬向试件在准静态弯曲加载下试验结果：(a) 载荷-挠度曲线和电阻-挠度曲线；(b) B点试件表面破坏形态；(c) C点试件表面破坏形态；(d) D点试件表面破坏形态
Figure 4. Measurement results of weft-direction 3D angle-interlock woven composite specimen during quasi-static bending test: (a) Load-deflection curve and resistance-deflection curve; (b) Surface failure morphology at point B; (c) Surface failure morphology at point C; (d) Surface failure morphology at point D
图 5 三维角联锁机织复合材料经向试件在弯曲疲劳加载下试验结果：(a) 载荷-挠度曲线；(b) 挠度-循环次数曲线；(c) 第13900次加载后表面破坏形态；(d) 电阻-循环次数曲线；(e) 第6995次至第7005次加载力阻响应；(f) 第13940次至第13952次加载力阻响应
Figure 5. Measurement results of warp-direction 3D angle-interlock woven composite specimen during bending fatigue test: (a) Load-deflection curves; (b) Deflection-number of loading cycles curve; (c) Surface failure morphology after 13900th load; (d) Resistance-number of loading cycles curve; (e) Piezoresistive response from 6995th to 7005th load; (f) Piezoresistive response from 13940th to 13952nd load
图 6 三维角联锁机织复合材料纬向试件在弯曲疲劳加载下试验结果：(a) 载荷-挠度曲线；(b) 挠度-循环次数曲线；(c) 第18870次加载后表面破坏形态；(d) 电阻-循环次数曲线；(e) 第14997次至第15003次加载力阻响应；(f) 第18870次至第18882次加载力阻响应
Figure 6. Measurement results of weft-direction 3D angle-interlock woven composite specimen during bending fatigue test: (a) Load-deflection curves; (b) Deflection-number of loading cycles curve; (c) Surface failure morphology after 18870th load; (d) Resistance-number of loading cycles curve; (e) Piezoresistive response from 14997th to 15003rd load; (f) Piezoresistive response from 18870th to 18882nd load
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