六种高分子材料动静态力学特性和能量耗散

邢永杨; 汪海波; 王梦想; 吕闹; 程兵

六种高分子材料动静态力学特性和能量耗散

安徽理工大学　土木建筑学院, 淮南 232001

基金项目: 安徽省爆破器材与技术工程实验室开放基金重点项目(AHBP2022A-02)；矿山地下工程教育部工程研究中心开放基金(JYBGCZX2022104)

详细信息

通讯作者:
汪海波，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为爆破理论与技术，冲击动力学　E-mail：wanghb_aust@163.com

中图分类号: TB324
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-01-16
- 修回日期: 2024-02-24
- 录用日期: 2024-03-09
- 网络出版日期: 2024-04-07

Dynamic and static mechanical properties and energy dissipation of six polymer materials

School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China

Funds: Open Foundation of Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Explosive Materials and Technology (AHBP2022A-02); Open Foundation of the Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Mining Underground Engineering (JYBGCZX2022104)

摘要

摘要: 为探究不同高分子材料作为聚能管管材对于聚能爆破的影响，利用电液伺服压力机和直径50 mm的分离式霍普金森压杆分别开展不同高分子材料在准静态下的单轴抗压试验，以及在冲击荷载作用下的单轴压缩试验，对其动静态力学性能、纵波波速、变形特征及能量耗散进行了研究。结果表明，不同高分子材料之间的波阻抗及准静态单轴抗压强度之间最大差值分别达到了42.5%和312.3%；在冲击荷载作用下，不同高分子材料的应力-应变曲线均在曲线末端出现了回弹现象，PVC材料的峰值应力在不同冲击气压下均为6种高分子材料中相对较高的；从对能量的透射、耗散率和单位质量耗散能方面分析，PVC材料的能量透射率是6种高分子材料中最高的，能量耗散和单位质量耗散能是最低的；从岩石爆破角度，引入吸收阻抗比与入射能进行拟合分析，PVC和PC材料的拟合曲线的相关系数相对较高，更符合炸药爆炸时能量传递的描述。最后，综合所有分析认为PVC材料是试验所用的6种高分子材料中最适合作为聚能管管材。
- 高分子材料 /
- 聚能管 /
- 动态压缩 /
- 吸收阻抗比 /
- 分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)
Abstract: In order to investigate the effect of different polymer materials as energy gathering tube tubes on energy gathering blasting, Uniaxial compressive experiments on different polymer materials under quasi-static conditions were conducted using an electro-hydraulic servo press and a 50 mm diameter Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar. The static and dynamic mechanical properties, longitudinal wave velocity, energy dissipation and the deformation characteristics were studied. The results show that the maximum difference in wave impedance and quasi-static uniaxial compressive strength between different polymer materials reaches 42.5% and 312.3%, respectively. Under the impact load, the stress-strain curves of different polymer materials exhibit rebound phenomenon at the end of the curves, and the peak stress of PVC material is relatively higher among the six polymer materials under different impact pressures. From the analysis of energy transmission, dissipation rate and unit mass dissipation energy, PVC material has the highest energy transmittance among the six polymer materials, while energy dissipation and unit mass dissipation energy are the lowest. From the perspective of rock blasting, the absorption impedance ratio and incident energy are introduced for fitting analysis. The correlation coefficient between the fitting curves of PVC and PC materials is relatively high, which is more in line with the description of energy transfer during explosive explosion. Finally, based on all the analyses, it is believed that PVC material is the most suitable polymer material among the six types used in the experiment as a pipe material for energy gathering tubes.
- polymer materials /
- concentrated energy tube /
- dynamic compression /
- absorption impedance ratio /
- split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB)

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图 1 采用的典型高分子材料试件

Figure 1. Typical polymer material specimens used

PP—Polypropylene; PVC—Polyvinyl chloride; PA—Polyamide; PC—Polycarbonate; PE—Polyethylene; POM—Polyformaldehyde

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图 2 实测波形图

Figure 2. Actual waveform measurement

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图 3 SHPB测试系统结构示意图

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of SHPB test system structure

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图 4 单轴压缩试验下试件的应力特征：(a)应力-时间曲线、(b)峰值应力

Figure 4. Stress characteristics of specimens under uniaxial compression experiment. (a) Stress-strain curve; (b) Peak stress

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图 5 不同高分子材料试件的应力-应变曲线：(a) 0.4 MPa；(b) 0.6 MPa；(c) 0.8 MPa

Figure 5. Stress-strain curves of specimens made of different polymer materials: (a) 0.4 MPa; (b) 0.6 MPa; (c) 0.8 MPa

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图 6 不同高分子材料试件的(a)应变率、(b)动态抗压强度、(c)塑性应变

Figure 6. Dynamic parameters of specimens made of different polymer materials: (a) Strain rate; (b) Dynamic compressive strength; (c) Plastic strain

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图 7 韧性计算示意图和不同高分子材料试件的韧性

Figure 7. Schematic diagram of toughness calculation and toughness of specimens made of different polymer materials

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图 8 SHPB压缩试验下冲击气压对各试件能量的影响：(a)反射能；(b)透射能；(c)吸收能

Figure 8. Influence of shock pressure on energy of specimens under SHPB compression experiment: (a) Reflection energy; (b) Transmission energy; (c) Absorption energy

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图 9 SHPB压缩试验下冲击气压对各试件耗能的影响：(a)能量耗散率；(b)单位质量耗散能；(c)能量透射率

Figure 9. Analysis of impact pressure on energy consumption of specimens under SHPB compression experiment: (a) Energy dissipation rate; (b) Energy dissipation per unit mass; (c) Energy transmittance

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图 10 SHPB压缩试验下各试件单位质量耗散能和吸收阻抗比与入射能拟合分析

Figure 10. Fitting analysis of dissipative energy per unit mass and absorption impedance ratio with incident energy of specimens under SHPB compression test

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表 1 试件的密度和纵波波速测试结果

Table 1. Density and p-wave velocity test results of the specimens

Specimen name	Density/ (g·cm⁻³)	P-wave velocity/(m·s⁻¹)	Wave impedance/ (g·cm⁻²·s⁻¹)
PC	1.186	2096	248586
PE	0.952	2421	230479
POM	1.416	2257	319591
PP	0.906	2488	225413
PVC	1.486	2162	321273
PA	0.903	2565	231620

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表 2 不同试件加载后的尺寸变化

Table 2. Dimensional changes of different specimens after loading

Specimen name		PC	PE	POM	PP	PVC	PA
Before the experiment	Height/mm	100.12	99.92	100.02	99.92	99.90	99.4
Before the experiment	Diameter/mm	49.92	50.02	49.92	50.06	49.98	50.12
After the experiment	Height/mm	98.92	95.80	93.78	96.64	99.42	97.06
After the experiment	Diameter/mm	50.02	51.26	52.08	51.68	50.18	51.16
Height difference	ΔΗ/mm	1.20	4.12	6.24	3.28	0.48	2.38
Diameter Difference	Δd/mm	−0.10	−1.24	−2.16	−1.62	−0.20	−1.04

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表 3 不同高分子材料冲击试验结果

Table 3. Impact experiment results of different polymer materials

Specimen name	Impact pressure/MPa	Strain rate/s⁻¹	Dynamic compressive strength/MPa	Plastic strain	Incident energy/J	Reflected energy/J	Transmitted energy/J	Absorbed energy/J
PC	0.4	246.2	36.07	3.12	105.79	86.16	8.86	10.77
PC	0.6	274.9	57.39	3.61	168.61	122.24	22.86	23.51
PC	0.8	306.3	50.94	4.62	247.69	192.05	17.86	37.78
PE	0.4	202.5	32.14	2.94	95.60	73.59	8.04	13.97
PE	0.6	267.9	36.95	3.85	167.02	126.09	10.23	30.7
PE	0.8	325.2	40.34	4.74	219.87	182.33	11.92	25.62
POM	0.4	226.5	61.54	2.65	107.23	71.85	24.26	11.12
POM	0.6	284.2	72.12	3.58	175.08	126.13	31.42	17.53
POM	0.8	307.5	89.17	3.96	241.24	157.60	49.27	34.37
PP	0.4	216.9	41.59	2.96	100.23	77.73	9.21	13.29
PP	0.6	255.2	77.97	3.07	177.12	105.19	39.44	32.49
PP	0.8	292.7	83.93	3.79	218.56	141.44	42.69	34.43
PVC	0.4	219.0	57.06	2.76	108.25	77.07	18.59	12.59
PVC	0.6	260.7	85.00	3.17	185.88	111.02	44.26	30.6
PVC	0.8	293.2	98.63	3.82	236.58	143.30	58.43	34.85
PA	0.4	213.4	59.31	2.67	108.08	70.95	18.39	18.74
PA	0.6	253.1	70.46	3.32	161.49	105.63	31.67	24.19
PA	0.8	283.0	77.50	3.43	176.04	106.75	40.94	28.35

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