Multiscale burst failure of type IV hydrogen storage vessels considering the influence of temperature
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摘要: Ⅳ型储氢瓶已成为最具潜力的车载储能装备之一，在快速充装及服役过程中储氢瓶会产生显著温升效应或面临环境温度变化，深入研究该工况下储氢瓶的爆破失效行为对提高其安全使用具有重要意义。本文基于微观失效理论，建立了稳态传热模型、微观力学模型和热力耦合模型，发展了一种考虑温度影响的多尺度爆破失效仿真分析方法，研究了25~85℃范围内温度上升对Ⅳ型储氢瓶爆破失效行为的影响。结果表明，纤维损伤是导致IV型储氢瓶爆破失效的主要原因，预测得到室温下储氢瓶的爆破压力和爆破失效发生位置与试验结果吻合；随着温度的上升，不均匀的温度分布和热膨胀产生了热压应力，与压力载荷产生的拉应力部分抵消，降低了储氢瓶组分的损伤扩展速度，同时复合材料缠绕层的强度下降，储氢瓶的爆破压力降低。其中，外壁面或内壁面温度从室温上升至85℃时，纤维初始损伤发生时载荷分别下降了27.5%和12.1%，最终爆破压力分别下降了12.5%和4.6%。Abstract: Type IV hydrogen storage vessels have become one of the most promising vehicle energy storage equipment, while during the rapid filling process and service life, the hydrogen storage vessel suffers the significant temperature rise effects or environmental temperature change. To improve the safety and reliability of type IV hydrogen storage vessels, it is of great significance to investigate the burst failure behavior under such operating conditions. In this work, the steady-state heat transfer model, micromechanics model, and thermal-mechanical coupling model were established based on the micromechanics of failure theory. And a multiscale burst failure analytical method was developed to study the influence of temperature at the range of 25℃ to 85℃ on burst failure behavior. The results show that, fiber damage is the main cause of the burst failure of the type IV hydrogen storage vessel, and the predicted burst pressure and failure location agree with the experimental result well. As the temperature rises, thermal compressive stress generated by non-uniform temperature distribution and thermal expansion, partially offsets the tensile stress generated by the pressure, and slows down the development of the constituent damage. And the strength of the composite winding layer decreases, leading to a decrease in the burst pressure of the vessel. When the temperature of the outer or inner wall surface rises from room temperature to 85℃, the pressure of the initial fiber damage decreases by 27.5% and 12.1%, and the burst pressure decreases by 12.5% and 4.6%, respectively.
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Key words:
- composites /
- type Ⅳ hydrogen storage vessel /
- multiscale /
- temperature /
- progressive damage /
- burst pressure
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图 3 T700碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料热膨胀系数及基体强度随温度变化曲线
Figure 3. Temperature dependent curve of thermal expansion coefficient of the T700 carbon fiber/epoxy composite and tensile of matrix
图 4 储氢瓶多尺度爆破失效分析计算流程图
Figure 4. Flow chart for multiscale burst failure analysis of the hydrogen storage vessel
图 5 微观力学模型关键点分布以及单位载荷下应力分布
Figure 5. Key points distribution and stress distribution under unit load in micromechanics model
图 6 70 MPa压力载荷下储氢瓶应力分布：(a)接头；(b)内衬；(c)缠绕层
Figure 6. Stress distribution of the hydrogen storage vessel under 70 MPa pressure: (a) Boss; (b) Liner; (c) Winding layers
图 9 储氢瓶轴向载荷-位移曲线
Figure 9. Axial load-displacement curve of the hydrogen storage vessel
图 12 储氢瓶稳态温度分布：(a)内壁面85℃；(b)外壁面85℃
Figure 12. Steady-state temperature distribution of the hydrogen storage vessel: (a) Inner wall surface 85℃; (b) Outer wall surface 85℃
图 13 不同温度下储氢瓶各部分热应力
Figure 13. Thermal stress in each part of the hydrogen storage vessel under different temperatures
图 14 复合材料缠绕层热应力分布：(a)S11；(b)S22
Figure 14. Thermal stress distribution of composite layers: (a) S11; (b) S22
图 15 不同温度下储氢瓶轴向载荷-位移曲线
Figure 15. Axial load-displacement curve of the hydrogen storage vessel under different temperature
图 16 不同温度下储氢瓶纤维初始损伤
Figure 16. Fiber damage initiation of the hydrogen storage vessel under different temperature
图 17 不同温度下储氢瓶的爆破压力
Figure 17. The burst pressure of the vessel under different temperature
表 1 铝合金6061和PA6材料参数
Table 1. Materials properties of alloy 6061 and PA6
Properties 6061-T6 PA6 Modulus /GPa 68.90 1.88 Poisson’s ratio 0.33 0.38 Yield Strength /MPa 284.89 39.78 Break Elongation /% 20 104 Density /(g·cm−3) 2.75 1.08 Conductivity /(W·(m·K)−1) 180.00 3.01 Specific heat /(J·(kg·K) -1) 896.00 1750.00 Expansion /(10−6·K−1) 23.60 106.00 
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表 2 常温下T700碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料参数
Table 2. Materials properties of the T700 carbon fiber/epoxy composite at room temperature
Properties Ply (T700-Epoxy) Fiber
(T700)Matrix
(Epoxy)Longitudinal modulus E1/GPa 142.00 232.00 3.50 Transverse moduli E2=E3/GPa 10.30 18.00 3.50 Shear modulus G12=G13/GPa 7.10 8.70 1.25 Shear modulus G23/GPa 3.80 5.80 1.25 Poisson’s ratio υ12=υ13 0.25 0.20 0.35 Poisson’s ratio υ23 0.42 0.49 0.35 Tensile strength /GPa XT =2.50,
YT =0.06Tf =4.90 Tm =0.11 Compressive strength /GPa XC =1.25,
YC =0.19Cf =2.50 Cm =0.24 Toughness /(N·mm−1) - Gfc =106.00 Gnc =0.28,
Gsc =0.79Density /(g·cm−3) 1.53 2.75 1.17 Conductivity /(W·(m·K)−1) 14.61 180.00 1.84 Specific heat /(J·(kg·K)−1) 972.20 896.00 1330.00 Expansion/(10−6·K−1) $ {\alpha }_{1} $ =5.78,
$ {\alpha }_{2} $ =0.19$ {\alpha }_{1\mathrm{f}} $ =2.50,
$ {\alpha }_{2\mathrm{f}} $ =0.0012.90 Notes: 1−Direction of fiber; 2−In-plane direction of the matrix; 3−Out-plane direction of the matrix.
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