Freeze-thaw damage evolution characteristics of foamed concrete based on three-dimensional laser scanning
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摘要: 为了定量评价冻融环境下泡沫混凝土的表面损伤程度并探究其损伤演化特性，本文对冻融环境下密度为600 kg/cm3和800 kg/cm3的泡沫混凝土开展了三维结构光扫描试验、单轴压缩及相对动弹模量试验，借助Geomagic Studio及Cloud Compare等软件对三维点云数据进行处理，基于坡度均方根Z2、结构系数SF和粗糙轮廓系数RP和三维粗糙度系数R3p等参数定量分析了冻融环境下泡沫混凝土的表面形态和损伤特性。结果表明：泡沫混凝土表面损伤呈阶段性递次发展，破坏过程呈现出逐层剥落，由中部向两侧逐渐发育的特点；泡沫混凝土表面形貌参数与冻融循环次数正相关，低密度泡沫混凝土损伤速率更快，经历20次冻融循环后600 kg/m3试件Z2值增速较800 kg/m3试件大35.44%；800kg/cm3泡沫混凝土形貌参数与抗压强度间的灰关联度更高，均在0.62以上；Z2值与抗压强度保有率之间呈线性关系，相关系数达0.91以上。Abstract: In order to quantitatively evaluate the surface damage degree of foamed concrete under freeze-thaw environment and study its damage evolution characteristics, three-dimensional structured light scanning test, uniaxial compression test and relative dynamic elastic modulus test were carried out on foamed concrete with densities of 600 kg/cm3 and 800 kg/cm3. Geomagic Studio and Cloud Compare software were used to process three-dimensional point cloud data. Based on the parameters of slope root mean square Z2, structural coefficient SF, roughness profile coefficient Rp and three-dimensional roughness coefficient R3p, the surface morphology and damage characteristics of foamed concrete under freeze-thaw environment were quantitatively analyzed. The results show that the surface damage of foamed concrete develops stage by stage, and the failure process shows the characteristics of spalling layer by layer and gradually developing from the middle to both sides. The surface morphology parameters of foam concrete are positively correlated with the number of freeze-thaw cycles. The damage rate of low-density foam concrete is faster. After 20 freeze-thaw cycles, the Z2 value of 600 kg/cm3 specimen is 35.44 % larger than that of 600 kg/cm3 specimen. The grey correlation degree between the morphological parameters of 800 kg/cm3 foam concrete and the compressive strength is higher, which is above 0.62. There is a linear relationship between the Z2 value and the compressive strength retention rate, and the correlation coefficient is above 0.91.
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图 3 不同冻融循环次数下泡沫混凝土质量损失率
Figure 3. Mass loss rate of foam concrete under different freeze-thaw cycles
图 4 不同冻融循环次数下泡沫混凝土抗压强度
Figure 4. Compressive strength of foam concrete under different freeze-thaw cycles
图 5 不同冻融循环次数下泡沫混凝土相对动弹模量
Figure 5. Relative dynamic elastic modulus of foam concrete under different freeze-thaw cycles
图 6 不同冻融循环次数下SF600泡沫混凝土表面损伤及轮廓线
Figure 6. Surface damage and contour line of SF600 foam concrete under different freeze-thaw cycles
图 7 不同冻融循环次数下泡沫混凝土表面形貌参数
Figure 7. Surface morphology parameters of foam concrete under different freeze-thaw cycles
图 8 泡沫混凝土坡度平方根与抗压强度留存率回归分析
Figure 8. Regression analysis of slope square root and compressive strength retention rate of foam concrete
表 1 泡沫混凝土配合比
Table 1. Mix proportion of foam concrete
Densities Mix proportion/
(kg·m−3)Wet density/
(kg·m−3)Dry density/
(kg·m−3)Cement Water Foam 600 430.7 258.4 33.6 735 623 800 564.1 338.5 26.4 921 816 
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表 2 泡沫混凝土冻融循环次数与抗压强度拟合参数
Table 2. Fitting parameters of freeze-thaw cycles and compressive strength of foamed concrete
Densities a b c R2 600 1.159 −0.0094 $ 3\times {10}^{-5} $ 0.99 800 1.922 −0.0090 $ -6\times {10}^{-5} $ 0.97
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表 3 冻融环境下泡沫混凝土表面形貌特征参数
Table 3. Characteristic parameters of surface morphology of foam concrete under freeze-thaw environment
Sample No. Z2 SF RP RL/% R3 p/% SF600-FT 0-1 6.78 0.06 1.0034 0.34 - SF600-FT20-1 14.71 0.45 1.0111 1.11 0.49 SF600-FT40-1 18.88 0.38 1.0191 1.91 1.21 SF600-FT60-1 22.63 0.52 1.0280 2.80 2.24 SF600-FT 0-2 6.38 0.11 1.0038 0.38 - SF600-FT20-2 12.23 0.14 1.0061 0.61 0.59 SF600-FT40-2 14.79 0.47 1.0090 0.90 1.34 SF600-FT60-2 19.49 0.35 1.0155 1.55 2.56 SF600-FT 0-3 7.05 0.07 1.0055 0.55 - SF600-FT20-3 12.22 0.17 1.0080 0.80 0.56 SF600-FT40-3 16.36 0.20 1.0130 1.30 1.08 SF600-FT60-3 19.75 0.34 1.0156 1.56 2.05 SF800-FT 0-1 5.69 0.04 1.0018 0.18 - SF800-FT20-1 7.49 0.07 1.0035 0.35 0.19 SF800-FT40-1 8.96 0.08 1.0041 0.41 0.35 SF800-FT60-1 15.84 0.26 1.0132 1.32 1.19 SF800-FT 0-2 6.44 0.07 1.0046 0.46 - SF800-FT20-2 10.13 0.12 1.0061 0.61 0.27 SF800-FT40-2 13.02 0.17 1.0069 0.69 0.43 SF800-FT60-2 21.11 0.28 1.0124 1.24 1.26 SF800-FT 0-3 6.35 0.05 1.0046 0.46 - SF800-FT20-3 11.64 0.15 1.0044 0.44 0.24 SF800-FT40-3 14.31 0.45 1.0164 1.64 0.39 SF800-FT60-3 19.39 0.58 1.0200 2.00 1.26 Notes: The three-dimensional scanning prism specimens are numbered as SF600-FT20-1, where S represents the three-dimensional scanning test, F600 represents the density, FT20 represents the number of freeze-thaw cycles, and 1 represents the specimen number. The surface topography parameters, Z2 is slope root mean square, SF is structural coefficient, RP is roughness profile coefficient, RL is elongation, and R3 p is three-dimensional roughness coefficient.
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表 4 泡沫混凝土特征参数与抗压强度关联度表
Table 4. Correlation table between characteristic parameters and compressive strength of foam concrete
Densities Z2 SF RL R3 p/% Relative dynamic elastic modulus F600 0.662 0.63 0.594 0.518 0.948 F800 0.741 0.635 0.666 0.622 0.983
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