单部件燃料电池的研究进展

盛彬; 曾权宇; 李雨辰; 孟则达; 甘甜

单部件燃料电池的研究进展

苏州科技大学　化学与生命科学学院, 苏州 215009

基金项目: 江苏省自然科学基金青年基金项目 (BK20240997)；江苏省高等学校自然科学基金面上项目(23KJB430033)

详细信息

通讯作者:
甘甜，博士，讲师，研究方向为固体氧化物燃料电池、能量转换与储存　E-mail: gantiantg@usts.edu.cn

中图分类号: TM911.4；TB332
计量
- 文章访问数: 37
- HTML全文浏览量: 27
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-06-19
- 修回日期: 2024-08-25
- 录用日期: 2024-09-07
- 网络出版日期: 2024-09-23

Research progress for single component fuel cell

School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China

Funds: Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK20240997); Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institu- tions of China (No. 23KJB430033)

摘要

摘要: 传统固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)需要保持较高的工作温度，不利于其不同组分的兼容和长期稳定性，这阻碍了SOFC的商业化进展。若降低反应温度则会带来显著的界面阻力和反应动力学损失，使得输出功率降低。最近，单部件燃料电池(SLFC)作为一种新型能源转换装置被提出，与传统三组分SOFC不同，SLFC的特点是具有一个半导体–离子异质结构材料混合离子导电的均匀层，p-n异质结构和内建电场的存在可以实现电荷分离，提高了燃料电池的稳定性和耐久性，使其在低温下也具备良好的离子电导和电池性能，具有广阔的发展前景。本文对最近几年以来SLFC领域的研究进展做了一个简要的综述，回顾了SLFC中异质结与能带对准隔绝电子的工作原理，研究空间电荷区与晶格应变对界面离子传导的影响，总结了研究者在半导体-离子材料上做出的改进，并讨论了该燃料电池的优势和未来的发展方向。
- 单部件燃料电池 /
- p-n异质结 /
- 离子传导 /
- 钙钛矿 /
- 半导体材料
Abstract: Traditional solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) require high operating temperatures, which are not conducive to the compatibility and long-term stability of their various components, hindering the commercial progress of SOFCs. Reducing the reaction temperature can lead to significant interfacial resistance and losses in reaction kinetics, resulting in a reduced output power. Recently, single-component fuel cell (SLFC) has been proposed as a new type of energy conversion device. Unlike the traditional three-component SOFCs, the SLFC is characterized by a homogeneous layer of semiconductor-ion heterostructure material with mixed ionic conductivity. The presence of p-n heterojunctions and built-in electric fields can achieve charge separation, enhancing the stability and durability of the fuel cell, allowing it to have good ionic conductivity and cell performance even at low temperatures, and offering broad prospects for development. This paper provides a brief overview of the research progress in the field of SLFCs in recent years, reviewing the working principle of heterojunctions and energy band alignment in SLFCs to isolate electrons, studying the effects of space charge regions and lattice strain on interfacial ionic conduction, summarizing the improvements made by researchers on semiconductor-ionic materials, and discussing the advantages and future development directions of SLFC.
- single component fuel cell /
- p-n heterojunction /
- ionic conductor /
- perovskite /
- semiconductor material

HTML全文

图 1 不同种类燃料电池的示意图：(a) SOFC；(b) DLFC^[18]；(c) SLFC的工作原理^[17]

Figure 1. Schematic representation of different kinds of fuel cells: (a) SOFCs; (b) DLFC^[18]; (c) Schematic of SLFC^[17]

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图 2 (a) 纳米氧化还原结构；(b) SLFC的能带对准^[21]

Figure 2. (a) nano-redox fuel cell; (b) band alignment for SLFC^[21]

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图 3 考虑HOR时Pt/BZY界面的SCL示意图^[26]

Figure 3. Schematic illustration of the SCL at the Pt/BZY interface, when the HOR is considered^[26]

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图 4 (a) CeO₂中导电率增强的对数与晶格应变的关系图^[29]；(b) SDC和Sr_0.92Ti_0.5Fe_0.5O_3–δ物质间的受力示意图和两者晶体结构^[30]；(c) 不同模型过度路径中掺杂–质子相互作用能、相应的最大氧位移和最大质子跃迁能；(d) 显示质子与O^2–在纯BaZrO₃和在一个Y掺杂环境中的结合能与晶格畸变；(e) 掺杂剂–质子相互作用能的最大氧位移的函数图^[28]

Figure 4. (a) plot of the logarithm of ionic conductivity enhancement in CeO₂ versus lattice strain^[29]; (b) Schematic representation of the forces between SDC and Sr_0.92Ti_0.5Fe_0.5O_3–δ substances and their crystal structures^[30]; (c) The dopant-proton interaction energy (representing protonated samples), the corresponding maximum oxygen displacement and maximum proton transition energy among the various transition pathways for different model systems; (d) A schematic showing the correlation between proton binding energy and O^2– sublattice distortion for various local environments such as pure BaZrO₃, in one yttrium dopant environment; (e) The dopant-proton interaction energy plotted as a function of maximum oxygen displacement^[28]

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图 5 (a) CeO_2–δ中氧空位形成时电子结构变化示意图；(b) CeO_2–δ-CeO₂颗粒界面处的电荷分离；(c) 质子被限制在粒子表面^[36]

Figure 5. (a) Schematic representation of the change in the electronic structure during the formation of oxygen vacancies in CeO_2–δ; (b) Charge separation at the interface of the CeO_2–δ-CeO₂ particles; (c) Proton confinement to the surface of the particle^[36]

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图 6 CeO₂-NiO异质结构复合材料的能带结构^[38]

Figure 6. The band structure of CeO₂-NiO heterostructure composites^[38]

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图 7 STO-SDC体异质结SLFC工作原理^[47]

Figure 7. STO-SDC body heterojunction SLFC working principle^[47]

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图 8 (a-b) SDC包覆SFM的SEM图像；(c) 表面过程和 (d)整体过程示意图，黄球代表氧离子^[49]

Figure 8. (a-b) SEM images of SDC-coated SFM; Schematic diagram of (c) the surface process and (d) the overall process, with the yellow balls representing the oxygen ions^[49]

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图 9 (a) 空气和 (b) H₂/空气气氛下550℃ Ni-NCAL/CZO-SDC的整流效果；(c) 异质结构中的电荷输运示意图^[51]；(d) 8 GDC-2 NCO复合材料H⁺/O^2–和H⁺的输运机制；(e) 8 GDC-2 NCO复合电解质燃料电池在不同温度下的I-V和I-P特性曲线^[52]

Figure 9. rectification effect of Ni-NCAL/CZO-SDC at 550℃ in (a)air and (b) H₂/air atmospheres; (c) Schematic of charge transport in the heterostructures^[51]; (d) 8 GDC-2 NCO composite H⁺/O^2– and H⁺ transport mechanisms; (e) I-V and I-P characteristic curves of 8 GDC-2 NCO composite electrolyte fuel cell at different temperatures^[52]

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表 1 近五年SLFC研究进展

Table 1. Progress of SLFC research in the last five years

Configuration	T/^oC	OCV/V	P_max /(W·cm^–2)	Ref.
NCAL/ Pr_0.4Sr_0.6Co_0.2Fe_0.7Nb_0.1O_3−δ-LNSDC /NCAL	550	0.98	0.24	[50]
Ni-NCAL/CeO₂/NCAL-Ni	520	1.08	0.70	[36]
Ni-NCAL/BaCo_0.4Fe_0.4Zr_0.1Y_0.1O_3–δ-ZnO/NCAL-Ni	100-500	1.01-1.08	0.25-0.64	[58]
Ni-NCAL/Ce_0.8Sm_0.2O_1.9 -La_1.85Sr_0.15CuO₄/NCAL-Ni	550	1.0	0.90	[56]
NCAL-Ni/7 Ba_0.5Sr_0.5Co_0.4Fe_0.4Zr_0.1Y_0.1O_3–δ-3 Ca_0.04Ce_0.80Sm_0.16O_2−δ/NCAL-Ni	520	1.07	0.90	[59]
Ni-NCAL/Co_0.2Zn_0.8O -SDC/NCAL-Ni	520	1.07	0.93	[51]
Ni-NCAL/BaCo_0.2Fe_0.1Ce_0.2Tm_0.1Zr_0.3Y_0.1O_3–δ/NCAL-Ni	530	1.09	0.87	[60]
Ni-NCAL/SDC-SrTiO₃/NCAL-Ni	550	1.1	0.89	[47]
Ni-NCAL/La_0.5Ba_0.5Co_0.2Fe_0.2Zr_0.3Y_0.3O_3–δ/NCAL-Ni	450-550	1.09-1.1	0.29-0.66	[61]
Ni-NCAL/Li₂TiO₃-LaSrCoFeO₃/NCAL-Ni	550	1.09	0.35	[62]
Ag/7 LNSDC-3 Pr_0.4Sr_0.5Fe_0.9Mo_0.1O₃/Ag	700	~1.0	0.33	[63]
NCAL-Ni/SrFe_0.3Ti_0.8O₃-WO₃/NCAL-Ni	520	1.04	0.88	[64]
Ni-NCAL/8 GDC-2 NaCoO₂/NCAL-Ni	550	1.06	1.10	[52]
NCAL/r-La_0.2Sr_0.7Ti_0.9Ni_0.1O_3−δ-LNSDC/NCAL	550	1.13	0.65	[46]
Ni-NCAL/La_0.8Sr_0.2Co_0.8Fe_0.2O₃-GDC/NCAL-Ni	550	1.1	1.06	[65]
Ni-NCAL/Fe_0.1Gd_1.9O₃/NCAL-Ni	550	1.1	1.35	[66]
Ni-NCAL/Co dopedY₂O₃/Ni-NCAL	530	1.09	0.86	[67]
Ni-NCAL/La_0.8Sr_0.2Co_0.8Fe_0.2O_3–δ-CeO₂/NCAL-Ni	520	~1.0	0.50	[68]
Ni-NCAL/3 CuFeO₂-7 ZnO/NCAL-Ni	550	1.06	0.56	[69]
Notes：NCAL is Ni_0.8Co_0.15Al_0.05LiO₂; LNSDC is Sm_0.2Ce_0.8O₂-(Li/Na)₂CO₃; SDC is Ce_0.8Sm_0.2O_1.9; GDC is Ce_0.8Gd_0.2O_1.9; r is reduced; is test temperature; OCV is open circuit voltage; P_max is peak power density.

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