Research progress and prospect of laser shock wave testing technology for bonding interface of composite materials
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摘要: 纤维增强树脂基复合材料因比强度/比模量高、抗疲劳/抗腐蚀性能好等优势,广泛应用于军/民用飞机上。为避免铆钉/螺栓连接时打孔造成纤维断裂、基体开裂和分层等损伤,常用胶粘方式进行连接。胶粘界面污染、粘接剂不均匀/老化等因素会导致“吻接”和“弱粘接”问题,而现有超声波、红外等无损检测技术无法检测评估,已成为复合材料结构安全隐患。激光冲击波界面结合强度检测技术(Laser bond inspection,LBI)是一种利用激光冲击波反射拉伸波的力学效应进行界面结合强度定量性评估的新型检测技术,可有效解决“吻接”和“弱粘接”的检测难题。本文介绍了激光冲击波界面结合强度检测的技术原理、特点及发展应用情况;分别从脉冲激光诱导冲击波特性、冲击波传播规律及材料动态响应、激光冲击层裂及损伤特征、界面结合强度检测方法4个方面总结了国内外研究进展及亟待解决的关键问题。从发展大脉宽/均能量/高功率的纳秒激光器、建立多变量激光冲击波时空压力模型、构建复合材料高应变率力学模型、发明快速/准确/智能的检测方法和建立规范、统一的研究体系等方面进行展望。综合分析国内研究不足和技术差距,建议解决思路与方案,希望通过加强基础研究和关键技术突破,推动激光冲击波界面结合强度检测技术的快速发展和工程应用。
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关键词:
- 复合材料 /
- 界面结合强度 /
- 吻接与弱粘接 /
- 无损检测方法 /
- 激光冲击波结合力检测
Abstract: Fibre-reinforced resin matrix composites are widely used in military/civilian aircraft due to their high specific strength/modulus and good fatigue/corrosion resistance. To avoid damage such as fibre breakage, matrix cracking and delamination caused by riveting/bolting, gluing is often used. Contamination of the adhesive interface, unevenness/ageing of the adhesive can lead to "kissing" and "weak bonding" problems, which cannot be detected and assessed by existing non-destructive testing techniques such as ultrasonic and infrared, and have become a safety hazard for composite structures. Laser bond inspection (LBI) is a new type of inspection technology that uses the mechanical effect of laser shock waves to reflect tensile waves for quantitative assessment of interface bond strength. It can effectively solve the problem of "kissing" and "weak bonding". This paper introduces the technical principles, characteristics and applications of laser shock wave interface bond strength testing; Summarises the progress of domestic and international research and the key issues to be solved from four aspects: Pulsed laser induced shock wave characteristics, shock wave propagation law and dynamic response of materials, laser shock layer cracking and damage characteristics, and interface bond strength testing methods. The outlook is from the development of nanosecond lasers with large pulse width/even energy/high power, the establishment of multivariable laser shock wave spatio-temporal pressure models, the construction of high strain rate mechanical models for composite materials, the invention of fast/accurate/intelligent detection methods and the establishment of a standardized and unified research system. A comprehensive analysis of domestic research deficiencies and technology gaps, suggested solutions and solutions, and hoped to promote the rapid development and engineering applications of laser shock wave interface bond strength testing technology by strengthening basic research and key technology breakthroughs. -
表 1 国内外同类技术对比
Table 1. Comparison of similar technologies at home and abroad
United States France Air Force Engineering University Laser devices Solid resonant chambers+Enlarge;
100-300 ns, 10-50 J;
Waveform non-adjustable[8]Solid resonant chambers+
Enlarge; Pulse width, waveform non-adjustable[8]Fiber optic seed source enlargement; 10-300 ns, 1-50 J;
Arbitrary waveform adjustment[9]Laser shock wave properties and propagation VISAR/PDV testing; Finite element analysis[10] VISAR/PDV testing; Finite element analysis[11] VISAR/PDV testing; Finite element analysis[12] Interface stress regulation methods Pulse width, energy adjustment Energy adjustment Pulse width, waveform and energy adjustment Shockwave dyna-
mic monitoringEMAT for vibration signal monitor-
ing (engineered applications)[13]VIASR/PDV
(Laboratory)[14-15]VIASR/PDV(Laboratory)[14-15] surface ultrasound monitoring (in engineering-oriented development) Laser lamination crack determina-
tion methodHigh-low-high triple impact test method Ultrasonic and radiographic inspection method after laser impact[8-11] Two laser impact signal characteristics contrast detection method[16] Notes: VISAR—Velocity interferometer system for any reflector; PDV—Photon doppler velocimetry; EMAT—Magnetoprobe. -
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