Enhancement Strategies of Output Performance of Triboelectric Nanogenerator
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摘要: 摩擦纳米发电机(Triboelectric nanogenerator，TENG)是一类能将机械能转换为电能的电子设备，具有材料种类丰富、器件结构简单以及易于集成等特点，在蓝色能源收集、微/纳能源、自驱动传感等方面展示出广泛的应用前景。然而，如何提高TENG的输出性能一直是科学界关注的焦点。基于此，本文在查阅大量文献的基础上，从TENG的工作原理出发，分析了摩擦电材料、摩擦层结构和器件结构对TENG输出性能的影响，并总结了提升TENG输出性能的有效策略，最后对TENG今后的发展趋势进行了展望。Abstract: Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is an electronic device, that exchanges mechanical energy into electrical energy. TENG has presented a wide range of potential applications, such as blue energy harvesting, micro/nano energy sources, and self-powered sensing, owing to abundant material, simple structures, and ease of integration. However, enhancing the output performance of TENG has remained a focal point of scientific interest. Hence, insulting many studies, this work has analyzed the influence of triboelectric materials, friction layer structures, and device structures on TENG output performance according to the working principle of TENG. Meanwhile, the enhancement strategies of TENG output performance are summarized. Finally, the future development of TENG is concluded.
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Key words:
- Triboelectric nanogenerator /
- Friction layer /
- Device structure /
- Self-powered /
- Sensors
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图 7 (a)离子注入聚四氟乙烯形成TENG的示意图[58]；(b)正电荷注入聚酰亚胺形成TENG的示意图[59]；(c)浮动层结构与电荷泵结合的TENG示意图[60]
Figure 7. (a) Schematic diagram of ion injection to form TENG[58];(b) schematic diagram of positive charge injection into polyimide to form TENG[59];(c) Schematic diagram of TENG with floating layer structure bound to the charge pump[60]
图 8 (a)改性丙烯酸树脂涂层作为电荷掠夺层的液-固TENG示意图[65]；(b)含有聚(偏氟乙烯)-六氟丙烯共聚物和钛酸钡纳米颗粒的介电调制多孔复合涂层作为电荷掠夺层的织物TENG示意图[66]
Figure 8. (a) Schematic diagram of liquid-solid TENG of modified acrylic resin coating as charge plunder layer [65]; (b) schematic diagram of dielectric modulated porous composite coating containing poly (vinylidene fluoride) -hexafluoropropylene copolymer and barium titanate nanoparticles as charge plunder layer [66]
表 1 提升摩擦纳米发电机输出性能不同策略的优缺点
Table 1. Advantages and disadvantages of different strategies to improve the output performance of friction nanogenerators
策略 方法 优点 缺点 参考
文献摩擦电材料
加工材料复合 有机-有机复合 有机材料的复合不易出现团聚现象，所制备的TENG具有良好的稳定性 相较无机材料，有机材料的介电常数通常较小，有机材料复合对TENG输出性能提升有限 [28]
[29]
有机-无机复合有机-无机复合可有效调控材料的介电常数，并且可增加材料表面粗糙度，增大正负摩擦层间的有效接触面积 无机材料与有机材料的复合过程中存在无机材料分布不均、团聚等问题，导致表面电荷分布不均匀，影响TENG的输出稳定性 [30]
[31]材料表面
改性官能团引入 官能团的引入直接增强摩擦层的电荷转移能力，且不会破坏材料本身特性 材料表面出现磨损，官能团引入提高的TENG输出性能效益就会降低 [44]
[45]构建表面微纳结构 表面微纳结构可增大摩擦层间的有效接触面积，提高表面电荷密度 微纳结构的精度难以控制，且微纳结构易变形受损，影响TENG输出稳定性 [53]
[54]电荷注入 直接将外加电荷作用于材料表面，显著提高电荷密度 注入的电荷易耗散，影响TENG输出稳定性和耐久性，且技术要求高、成本高 [58]
[59]
[60]摩擦层结构
设计摩擦层功能分区 电荷掠夺层 直接增强摩擦层的电荷掠夺能力，显著增大材料间的电荷转移 功能层如何优化的相关理论研究还需进一步明晰 [64]
[65]电荷传输层 提高电荷迁移率，减小表面电荷消散，有利电荷存储 [66]
[67]电荷存储层 增强材料电荷存储能力，显著提高表面电荷密度 [68]
[69]器件结构
设计接触分离模式 输出电压高，对压力变化感应敏感 对正负摩擦层贴合度有一定要求 [72]
[73]横向滑动模式 能量转化率高，适用于检测平面运动 摩擦层材料易受损 [74]
[75]单电极模式 易与其他设备进行集成，相较其他类型具有更广阔的应用前景 输出性能较其他模式低 [76]
[77]独立摩擦模式 摩擦层可移动，适用于检测移动物体的运动 摩擦层材料易受损，且对运动频率有一定要求 [78]
[79]
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