Axial energy absorption characteristics and trigger mechanism of C-channel CFRP thin-walled structures
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摘要:
碳纤维增强树脂复合材料(CFRP)具有轻质、高比强度等优异的力学性能在航空等领域得到了大量的应用。虽然航空工业技术已非常发达，但飞机坠撞事故时有发生，与地面发生强烈撞击所带来的冲击能量对乘员的生命造成了巨大的威胁。C型CFRP薄壁结构常作为大型飞机的座舱或货舱地板下部支撑结构，在发生紧急迫降时，其能够通过变形、破坏等吸收大量冲击能量从而保障乘员安全。然而，缺乏一种合理的触发机制，C型CFRP薄壁结构将发生横向断裂等灾难性失效模式，严重影响结构吸能。基于连续损伤力学，建立了一种考虑层间与层内失效的C型CFRP薄壁结构的渐进损伤模型，该模型能够准确预测C型CFRP薄壁结构在轴向压溃载荷下的吸能特性及失效行为。针对C型CFRP薄壁结构提出了混合角度倒角触发和尖顶触发两种触发机制，研究了不同触发配置对该结构吸能特性和失效模式的影响。相比典型的45°倒角触发，合理配置的混合角度倒角触发能够进一步降低初始峰值，其中H45/60所对应的初始峰值降低了21.15%，且对整个破碎过程的影响很小；另外，混合角度尖顶触发能够促进结构的渐进失效，所对应的比吸能均显著提升。相比其他混合角度尖顶触发，SIO60/45不仅具有较低的初始峰值，值得注意的是其比吸能相比典型的45°倒角触发提高了18.41%。另外，还发现采用60°/45°混合角度尖顶触发所对应的初始峰值明显低于采用45°/60°混合角度尖顶触发，这为进一步降低C型CFRP薄壁结构的初始峰值提供了思路。 (a)混合角度倒角触发和尖顶触发分别所对应的典型荷载位移曲线对比；(b)不同触发所对应的初始峰值和比吸能(SEA)对比 Abstract: To improve the crashworthiness of C-channel carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) thin-walled structures, the energy absorption characteristics and failure behavior of the structures under axial crushing load were studied. Considering the delamination effect, the progressive damage model of C-channel CFRP thin-walled structure was established. The quadratic stress failure and the nonlinear damage evolution criterion based on the mixed-mode energy method were used to predict the initial interlaminar failure and damage evolution, respectively. For this structure, the hybrid-angle chamfer trigger and steeple trigger were proposed, and the effects of different trigger configurations on the crashworthiness index and failure mode of C-channel CFRP thin-walled structures were compared and analyzed. The results show that the initial peak load corresponding to the hybrid-angle chamfer trigger decreases with the increase of the hybrid angle; The initial peak load can be effectively reduced by reducing the contact area between the hybrid-angle chamfer trigger and the loading plate at the initial crushing stage; The hybrid-angle steeple trigger can improve the failure process and has a positive effect on improving the crashworthiness of the structure.-
Key words:
- composite /
- triggering mechanism /
- crashworthiness /
- damage model /
- progressive failure
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图 1 C型CFRP薄壁结构有限元模型
Figure 1. Finite element model of C-channel CFRP thin-walled structure
图 4 不同混合角度倒角触发所对应的C型CFRP薄壁结构载荷响应对比
Figure 4. Comparison of load responses of C-channel CFRP thin-walled structures corresponding to different hybrid-angle chamfer triggers
图 5 不同混合角度倒角触发所对应的C型CFRP薄壁结构吸能特性对比
Figure 5. Comparison of energy absorption characteristics of C-channel CFRP thin-walled structures corresponding to different hybrid-angle chamfer triggers
SEA−Specific energy absorption
图 6 不同混合角度倒角触发所对应的C型CFRP薄壁结构失效形貌对比
Figure 6. Comparison of failure morphologies of C-channel CFRP thin-walled structures corresponding to different hybrid-angle chamfer triggers
图 7 不同混合角度尖顶触发所对应的C型CFRP薄壁结构载荷响应对比
Figure 7. Comparison of load responses of C-channel CFRP thin-walled structures corresponding to different hybrid-angle steeple triggers
S−Steeple trigger; O−Steeple trigger with hybrid angle on the outside; I−Steeple trigger with hybrid angle on the inside; IO−Steeple trigger with hybrid angles on the inside and outside; 45/60−Hybrid angle is 45°/60°; 60/45−Hybrid angle is 60°/45°
图 8 不同混合角度尖顶触发所对应的C型CFRP薄壁结构吸能特性对比
Figure 8. Comparison of energy absorption characteristics of C-channel CFRP thin-walled structures corresponding to different hybrid-angle steeple triggers
图 9 不同混合角度尖顶触发所对应的C型CFRP薄壁结构失效形貌对比
Figure 9. Comparison of failure morphologies of C-channel CFRP thin-walled structures corresponding to different hybrid-angle steeple triggers
图 10 不同触发所对应的C型CFRP薄壁结构吸能特性对比
Figure 10. Comparison of energy absorption characteristics of C-channel CFRP thin-walled structures corresponding to different triggers
图 11 C45、H45/30、H60/45、SIO45/60和SIO60/45所对应的C型CFRP薄壁结构失效过程对比
Figure 11. Comparison of failure processes of C-channel CFRP thin-walled structures corresponding to C45, H45/30, H60/45, SIO45/60 and SIO60/45
表 1 T700/2510碳纤维/树脂复合材料材料及损伤参数[27,30]
Table 1. T700/2510 carbon fiber/resin composite material and damage parameters[27,30]
Parameter Value Parameter Value $ {E_{11}} $/GPa 55.8 $ {X_{{\text{2 c}}}} $/MPa 703.3 $ {E_{22}} $/GPa 54.9 $ {X_{12}} $/MPa 131 $ {v_{12}} $ 0.043 $ G_{\text{f}}^{1{\text{t}}} $/(kJ·m−2) 125 $ {G_{12}} $/GPa 4.2 $ G_{\text{f}}^{{\text{1 c}}} $/(kJ·m−2) 250 $ {X_{{\text{1 t}}}} $/MPa 910.1 $ G_{\text{f}}^{{\text{2 t}}} $/(kJ·m−2) 95 $ X{}_{{\text{1 c}}} $/MPa 710.2 $ G_{\text{f}}^{{\text{2 c}}} $/(kJ·m−2) 245 $ {X_{{\text{2 t}}}} $/MPa 772.2 Notes: $ {E_{11}} $/$ {E_{22}} $−Young’s modulus in the longitudinal/transverse direction; $ {v_{12}} $−Poisson’s ratio; $ {G_{12}} $−Shear modulus; $ {X_{{\text{1t}}}} $/$ {X_{{\text{1c}}}} $−Longitudinal tensile/compressive strength; $ {X_{{\text{2t}}}} $/$ {X_{{\text{2c}}}} $−Transverse tensile/compressive strength; $ {X_{12}} $−Shear strength; $ G_{\text{f}}^{{\text{1t}}} $/$ G_{\text{f}}^{{\text{1c}}} $−Tensile/compressive fracture energy in the longitudinal direction; $ G_{\text{f}}^{{\text{2t}}} $/$ G_{\text{f}}^{{\text{2c}}} $−Tensile/compressive fracture energy in the transverse direction. 
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