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碳纤维、玻璃纤维/环氧树脂热解及燃烧特性对比

马俊豪 贾旭宏 汤婧 张晓宇 代尚沛 杨晓光

马俊豪, 贾旭宏, 汤婧, 等. 碳纤维、玻璃纤维/环氧树脂热解及燃烧特性对比[J]. 复合材料学报, 2023, 40(2): 794-803. doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220325.002
引用本文: 马俊豪, 贾旭宏, 汤婧, 等. 碳纤维、玻璃纤维/环氧树脂热解及燃烧特性对比[J]. 复合材料学报, 2023, 40(2): 794-803. doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220325.002
MA Junhao, JIA Xuhong, TANG Jing, et al. Comparison of pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of carbon fiber, glass fiber/epoxy resin[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2023, 40(2): 794-803. doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220325.002
Citation: MA Junhao, JIA Xuhong, TANG Jing, et al. Comparison of pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of carbon fiber, glass fiber/epoxy resin[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2023, 40(2): 794-803. doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220325.002

碳纤维、玻璃纤维/环氧树脂热解及燃烧特性对比

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220325.002
基金项目: 民航局安全能力建设项目(0242023);中国民用航空飞行学院重点项目(ZJ2021-01)Civil Aviation Authority Security Capacity Building Project (0242023); Key Program of Civil Aviation Flight Academy of China (ZJ2021-01)
详细信息
    通讯作者:

    贾旭宏,博士,教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为民用飞机非金属材料燃烧特性与灭火剂合成研究  E-mail: jiaxuhong02@163.com

  • 中图分类号: TB332

Comparison of pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of carbon fiber, glass fiber/epoxy resin

  • 摘要: 民用飞机内饰壁板材料主要是纤维/树脂复合材料,该类复合材料具有一定的火灾危险性,因此研究其热稳定性和燃烧特性对于飞机防火具有重要意义。采用热重分析仪研究了不同升温速率对碳纤维/环氧树脂和玻璃纤维/环氧树脂两种典型飞机壁板材料热解的影响,并使用Kissinger法得到了分解阶段的表观活化能和指前因子;采用锥形量热仪研究了两种预浸料在不同火灾环境下的燃烧特性,并选取火势蔓延指数($ {\delta _{{\rm{FGI}}}} $)、火险潜在指数($ {\delta _{{\rm{FPI}}}} $)、放热指数($ {\delta _{{\rm{THRI}}}} $)、发烟指数($ {\delta _{{\rm{TSPI}}}} $) 4种评价指标评估其火灾危险性;进而分析两种纤维在树脂复合材料热解、燃烧过程中的影响。结果表明:在空气气氛下,升温速率对两种预浸料的热解影响都较大,碳纤维在556℃以上发生分解,玻璃纤维未发生分解。在热解时玻璃纤维预浸料前两阶段的活化能明显高于碳纤维预浸料,表明玻璃纤维预浸料具有更高的热稳定性。碳纤维预浸料的热释放速率、产烟速率、总产热量、总产烟量均大于玻璃纤维预浸料,随着热辐射强度的增加,两种预浸料这些参数之间的差值都不断变大,碳纤维预浸料的$ {\delta _{{\rm{FGI}}}} $$ {\delta _{{\rm{THRI}}}} $$ {\delta _{{\rm{TSPI}}}} $均大于玻璃纤维预浸料,$ {\delta _{{\rm{FPI}}}} $值则相反。分析发现,两种纤维都对复合材料的热解有一定的抑制作用,但玻璃纤维抑制作用更明显,碳纤维/环氧复合材料火灾危险性更大。

     

  • 图  1  环氧树脂基体在空气气氛下升温速率10℃/min的TG和DTG曲线

    Figure  1.  TG and DTG curves of epoxy resin matrix in air atmosphere at 10℃/min heating rate

    图  2  碳纤维预浸料在不同升温速率下的TG (a) 和DTG (b) 曲线

    Figure  2.  TG (a) and DTG (b) curves of carbon fiber prepreg at different heating rates

    图  3  不同升温速率下玻璃纤维预浸料的TG (a) 和DTG (b) 曲线

    Figure  3.  TG (a) and DTG (b) curves of glass fiber prepreg at different heating rates

    图  4  ${\text{ln(}}{\beta _i}/T_{{\rm{p}}i}^2)$$ 1/{T_{{\rm{p}}i}} $之间的关系:(a)碳纤维预浸料;(b)玻璃纤维预浸料

    Figure  4.  Relationship between ${\text{ln(}}{\beta _i}/T_{{\rm{p}}i}^2)$and $ 1/{T_{{\rm{p}}i}} $: (a) Carbon fiber prepreg; (b) Glass fiber prepreg

    β—Heating rate; Tpi—Temperature corresponding to the maximum mass loss at each stage

    图  5  热释放速率:(a)碳纤维预浸料;(b)玻璃纤维预浸料

    Figure  5.  Heat release rate: (a) Carbon fiber prepreg; (b) Glass fiber prepreg

    图  6  碳纤维预浸料和玻璃纤维预浸料的总放热量

    Figure  6.  Total heat release of carbon fiber prepreg and glass fiber prepreg

    图  7  产烟速率:(a)碳纤维预浸料;(b)玻璃纤维预浸料

    Figure  7.  Smoke production rate: (a) Carbon fiber prepreg; (b) Glass fiber prepreg

    图  8  碳纤维预浸料和玻璃纤维预浸料的总产烟量

    Figure  8.  Total smoke production of carbon fiber prepreg and glass fiber prepreg

    表  1  两种预浸料热解温度参数

    Table  1.   Pyrolysis parameters of two prepregs

    MaterialHeating rate/
    (℃·min−1)
    Temperature scope of thermal decomposition/℃Temperature of maximum mass loss rate/℃
    First stageSecond stageThird stageFirst stageSecond stageThird stage
    Carbon fiber prepreg 2 296-424 424-556 556-728 378 475 692
    5 305-435 435-568 568-796 396 502 768
    10 317-452 452-595 595-836 412 518 797
    15 328-467 467-628 628 427 538 838
    Glass fiber prepreg 2 302-447 447-570 402 505
    5 316-451 451-584 418 524
    10 330-463 463-614 430 537
    15 335-478 478-632 443 556
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  Kissinger方法计算了两种预浸料的热解动力学参数

    Table  2.   Pyrolysis kinetic parameters of the two prepregs calculated by Kissinger method

    MaterialHeating rate/(℃·min−1)Slope k=−E/R Ek/(kJ·mol−1)lnAkR2

    Carbon fiber prepreg
    2, 5, 10, 15 −16.613 138.12 16.089 0.9953
    −17.831 148.25 14.197 0.9912
    −12.869 106.99 2.845 0.9909
    Glass fiber
    prepreg
    −23.205 192.93 25.249 0.9936
    −25.801 214.51 23.792 0.9926
    Notes: k—Slope of the curve fitted to Fig.4; E—Activation energy; R—Molar gas constants; Ek—Apparent activation energy; Ak—Apparent pre-exponential factor; R2—Degree of fit.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  两种预浸料的火灾危险性评价指数

    Table  3.   Fire hazard evaluation index of two prepregs

    Risk evaluation index $ {\delta _{{\rm{FGI}}}} $/(kW·(m2·s)−1) $ {\delta _{{\rm{FPI}}}} $/((m2·s)·kW−1) $ {\delta _{{\rm{THRI}}}} $/(MJ·m−2) $ {\delta _{{\rm{TSPI}}}} $/(s·m−2)
    Carbon fiber prepreg 25 kW·m−2 4.74 0.127 −0.31 4.07
    35 kW·m−2 6.23 0.097 −0.29 4.02
    50 kW·m−2 9.10 0.073 −0.27 3.93
    Glass fiber prepreg 25 kW·m−2 4.51 0.137 −0.34 4.03
    35 kW·m−2 6.08 0.106 −0.31 3.98
    50 kW·m−2 7.57 0.082 −0.30 3.82
    Notes: $ {\delta _{{\rm{FGI}}}} $—Fire spread index; $ {\delta _{{\rm{FPI}}}} $—Fire potential index; $ {\delta _{{\rm{THRI}}}} $—Total heat release index; $ {\delta _{{\rm{TSPI}}}} $—Total smoke production index.
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2022-01-07
  • 修回日期:  2022-03-06
  • 录用日期:  2022-03-19
  • 网络出版日期:  2022-03-28
  • 刊出日期:  2023-02-15

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