Preparation of Self-Polarized Stereocomplexed PLA Nanofiber Membrane and the Active Capturing of Particulate Matters
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摘要: 细微颗粒物(PM)会携带病毒、细菌和重金属等有害物质，危害人体健康。佩戴呼吸防护装备是保护人体免受PMs危害的最有效方法。传统的呼吸防护口罩通常使用电晕驻极处理的熔喷聚丙烯(PP)制造，但这种材料的不可降解，会对环境造成较大负担。本文采用生物相容性良好的聚乳酸(PLA)，通过利用不同旋光性分子的立构复合来增强PLA的驻极效果，并加入自极化铁电材料纳米钛酸钡(BTO)和成核剂乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺(EBS)，以提高PLA的电活性和介电性能。通过静电纺丝技术制备了自极化PLA纳米纤维膜，其具有不规则沟壑状结构和极细的纤维直径(268 nm)和增强的表面电位(1.74 kV)和介电性能(1.21)。同时，自极化PLA纳纤膜还表现出摩擦电特性，其开路电压达到39.6 V，短路电流达到431.4 nA，高电压低电流的工作模式使自极化PLA纳纤膜可以在井下等特殊环境使用而不造成负面影响。值得注意的是，自极化PLA纳纤膜表现出优异的PMs捕集效果和低阻力(＞96%，192.7 Pa，85 L/min)。自极化PLA纳纤膜的制备为聚乳酸基过滤材料的发展提供了又一可能的方向。Abstract: Fine particulate matter (PMs) can carry harmful substances such as viruses, bacteria and heavy metals, which jeopardize human health. Wearing respiratory protective equipment is the most effective way to protect the human body from PMs. Traditional respiratory protective masks are usually manufactured using corona electret-treated melt-blown polypropylene (PP), but the non-degradable nature of this material might cause a heavy burden on the environment. In this work, the biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) was used to enhance the electret effect of PLA by using the stereocomplexation of molecules with different spinodal properties, and the self-polarized ferroelectric material barium titanate (BTO) nanoparticles and the nucleating ethylene bis stearamide (EBS) were added in order to improve the electroactivity and dielectric properties of PLA. Self-polarized PLA nanofibrous membranes (NFMs) were prepared by electrostatic spinning technique with irregular groove-like structure. The extremely fine fiber diameter (268 nm) and enhanced surface potential (1.74 kV) and dielectric properties (1.21) of self-polarized PLA NFMs were exhibited. Meanwhile, the self-polarized PLA NFMs also shown friction electrical properties, with an open-circuit voltage of 39.6 V and a short-circuit current of 431.4 nA. The high-voltage, low-current operation mode allows the self-polarized PLA NFMs to be used in special environments, such as mine, without negative effects. Notably, the self-polarized PLA NFMs exhibited excellent PMs capturing effect and low pressure drop (>96%, 192.7 Pa, 85 L/min). The preparation of self-polarized PLA NFMs provided a possible direction for the development of PLA-based filtration materials.
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图 1 自极化聚乳酸(PLA)纳纤膜的制备流程示意图
Figure 1. Schematic of the preparation process of self-polarizing polylactic acid (PLA) NFMs
图 3 (a) BTO及EBS的FTIR图谱(b) BTO的XRD衍射图谱
Figure 3. The (a) FTIR spectra of BTO and EBS and the (b) XRD diffraction pattern of BTO
图 4 自极化PLA纳纤膜的微观形貌 (a) SC-PLA；(b) B-SC；(c) BE-SC；(d) E-SC
Figure 4. Microscopic morphology of self-polarizing PLA NFMs.(a) SC-PLA, (b) B-SC, (c) BE-SC, (d) E-SC
图 5 自极化PLA纳纤膜纤维直径分布(a)SC-PLA；(b)B-SC；(c)BE-SC；(d)E-SC
Figure 5. The fiber diameter distribution of self-polarizing PLA NFMs. (a) SC-PLA, (b) B-SC, (c) BE-SC, (d) E-SC
图 6 自极化PLA纳纤膜的FTIR图谱。(a)700‒
4000 cm−1，(b)1650 ‒1850 cm−1和(c)800‒960 cm−1范围内的FTIR谱图。Figure 6. The FTIR spectra of self-polarizing PLA NFMs. The range of (a) 700‒
4000 cm−1, (b)1650 ‒1850 cm−1 and (c) 800‒960 cm−1, respectively.
图 7 自极化PLA纳纤膜的电活性测试(a)表面电势(插图是表面电位测试的数码照片)；(b)介电常数及介电损耗
Figure 7. Electroactivity testing of self-polarizing PLA NFMs (a) Surface potential (The illustrations are digital photographs of surface potential), (b) Dielectric constant and dielectric loss.
图 8 自极化PLA纳纤膜的电活性测试 (a)输出电压；(b)输出电流
Figure 8. Evaluation of electroactivity for self-polarizing PLA NFMs (a) Output voltage; (b) Output current.
图 9 自极化PLA纳纤膜的过滤性能测试。气体流速为(a)10 L/min、(b)32 L/min、(c)65 L/min、(d)85 L/min时的过滤性能
Figure 9. Filtration performance test of self-polarizing PLA NFMs. Filtration performance at airflow rates of (a) 10 L/min; (b) 32 L/min; (c) 65 L/min; and (d) 85 L/min.
图 10 自极化PLA纳纤膜过滤测试后的微观形貌 (a) SC-PLA；(b) B-SC；(c) BE-SC；(d) E-SC
Figure 10. SEM micrographs showing the morphology of self-polarizing PLA NFMs after air filtration tests. (a) SC-PLA; (b) B-SC; (c) BE-SC;(d) E-SC.
图 11 自极化PLA纳纤膜的润湿性及电荷保持能力 (a)水接触角(b)表面电位
Figure 11. Wettability and charge retention of self-polarizing PLA NFMs after air filtration tests (a) WCA; (b) Surface potential.
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