Progress in the preparation and application of superamphiphobic surface
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摘要: 自然界中的超疏水/超疏油现象吸引了表界面科学、微纳制造以及纳米涂层等多学科领域研究者的广泛关注，在人们的生产生活中展现出了巨大的应用前景。本文聚焦于具有微纳粗糙结构的超双疏表面发展现状，从基本润湿性理论出发，介绍了超双疏表面微观粗糙结构的主要类型和降低表面能的原理，探讨了表面微观粗糙结构和化学改性与润湿性之间的关系，并归纳了制备超双疏表面的主要方法。最后，总结了超双疏表面的主要应用现状，分析了超双疏表面目前存在的不足和缺陷，并对其未来的发展方向进行了展望。Abstract: Superhydrophobic / superoleophobic phenomenon in nature have attracted extensive attention from researchers in surface interface science, micro-nano manufacturing, nano coating and other fields, and have shown great application prospects in people's production and life. Based on the basic wettability theory, this paper introduces the main types of micro-nano rough structures on superoleophobic surfaces and the principle of reducing surface energy. The relationship between the micro-nano rough structure, chemical modification, and wettability also be explored, and the main methods for preparing superamphiphobic surfaces are summarized. Finally, the main applications status of the superamphiphobic surface are summarized, and the shortcomings and defects of the superamphiphobic surface are analyzed. Likewise, the future development direction of the superamphiphobic surface is prospected.
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Key words:
- superamphiphobic /
- superhydrophobic /
- wettability /
- surface micro/nano-structure /
- functional coating
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图 1 润湿性理论：(a)基于杨氏模型理论的接触角和滑动角；(b) 超疏水表面与超双疏表面 (c)接触角滞后；(d) 杨氏模型示意图；Wenzel模型，Cassie-Baxter模型；混合模型；(e) 光滑液体注入多孔表面
Figure 1. Wettability theory: (a) Contact Angle and Slip Angle base on Young Model. (b) Air-mediated superhydrophobic surface (SHPS) or superamphiphobic surface (SAPS). (c) Contact angle hysteresis. (d) Schematic diagram of Wenzel model, Cassie-Baxter model and Mixed model. (e) Slippery lubricant-infused porous surface
图 2 多孔结构表面微观形貌：(a)液体火焰喷涂表面的SEM图像[60]；(b)多孔表面的SEM图像[61]；(c)经过拉伸后压缩微结构的重新排列过程[62]；
Figure 2. The surface microstructure of porous structure: (a) Images show a rearranging process of the compacted microstructures after stretching[62]. (b) SEM images of liquid flame spray surfaces[60]. (c) SEM images of a porous surface[61].
图 3 六种类型的凹角结构示意图：(a) 微柱结构示意图；(b) 倒梯形结构示意图；(c) T形凹角结构示意图；(d) T-型折边凹角结构示意图；(e) T-型凸边凹角结构示意图；(f) 双凹角结构蘑菇形结构示意图
Figure 3. Six types of re-entrant structure diagram: (a) Schematic diagram of micro-pillar structure; (b) Schematic diagram of Inverse-trapezoidal structure; (c) Schematic diagram of T-Shape re-entrant structure; (d) Schematic diagram of T-Shape with folding edge re-entrant structure; (e) Schematic diagram of T-Shape with convex edge re-entrant structure; (f) Schematic diagram of double re-entrant structure
图 4 凹角结构和层次结构的表面微观形貌：(a) 涂层表面微柱状结构的SEM图像[75]；(b) 涂层表面的蘑菇双凹角结构横向SEM图像[68]；(c) 涂层表面悬垂结构的SEM图像[76]；(d) 三凹角结构示意图及SEM图像[69]；(e) 利用激光制备的周期微锥与堆叠的致密纳米颗粒[40]；(f)微-纳复合的层次结构[77]
Figure 4. The surface microstructure of the concave structure and the hierarchical structure: (a) SEM image of the coating surface as a micropillars structure with no Re-entrant structure, and; [75] with permission Copyright 2022 Springer Nature; (b) Lateral SEM image of the coating surface[68]; (c) SEM image of the coating surface as a overhang structure [76]; (d) Schematic diagram of triply reentrant structures[69]; (e) Periodical microcones with dense nanoparticles prepared by laser [40]; (f) Micro - nano composite hierarchy [77]
图 5 喷涂法制备的超双疏涂层：(a) 可拉伸超双疏表面上纳米丝结构和分层微/纳米结构的制造工艺示意图[62]；(b) 通过喷涂技术制备涂层的示意图[103]
Figure 5. Superamphiphobic coating prepared by spraying method: (a) Schematic of the fabrication process of the nanofilament-structured and hierarchical micro/nanostructure on s-stretchable superamphiphobic surface[62]; (b) Schematic illustration for the preparation of the coatings by the spraying technique[103]
图 6 基于超双疏表面的防腐蚀策略：(a) 表面保护过程示意图[130]；(b) AZ31 B Mg基双功能涂层的防腐机制[131]
Figure 6. Anti-corrosion strategies based on superamphiphobic surfaces: (a) Schematic illustration of the process of surface protection[130]. (b) Anticorrosion mechanisms of the prepared dual-functional coating for AZ31 B Mg substrate[131].
图 7 自清洁与抗污的应用：(a) 太阳能板上的灰尘堆积现象[136]；(b) 对比ZnO粉末喷涂前后(左)和PFDTS改性ChNFs涂层在玻璃玻片上指纹的时间变化[140]；(c) 涂层的指纹图谱时间变化对比[140]；(d) Zn涂层的抗黏附过程示意图[155]；(e) 未涂覆和涂覆PES-PVDF-HFP/Pal@SiO2涂层的Al板抗蜡试验照片[26]
Figure 7. (a) The dust accumulation on Solar panel[136]. (b) Comparison of the fingerprints on glass slide before (left) and after (right) sprinkling ZnO powder and the ChNFs coating modified with PFDTS deposition for time change[140]. (c) Comparison of time change of coating fingerprint[140]. (d) Schematic diagram of anti-adhesion process of Zn coating [155]. (e) The photographs of anti-waxing tests on Al sheet uncoated and coated with P-P/Pal@SiO2-F coating [26]
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