Effect of super absorbent polymers and fiber on drying shrinkage of spontaneous combustion coal gangue concrete
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摘要: 为了探究有效降低自燃煤矸石混凝土收缩的方法,以高吸水性树脂(Super Absorbent Polymers,SAP)和聚丙烯(Polypropylene,PP)纤维掺量为变量,设计了7组自燃煤矸石混凝土试件,开展了自燃煤矸石混凝土干燥收缩试验和基体内部湿度测试试验。探究了SAP与PP纤维对基体收缩性能的影响规律,揭示了基体干燥收缩应变与内部相对湿度之间的变化规律,建立了自燃煤矸石混凝土收缩预测模型。结果表明:SAP和PP纤维的加入均能显著降低自燃煤矸石混凝土的干燥收缩,随着SAP掺量的增加,基体收缩应变先减小后增大;随着PP纤维掺量的增加,基体收缩应变逐渐减小。90d龄期时,SAP掺量为0.2%时对自燃煤矸石混凝土的减缩效果最好,与基准混凝土相比,其试件收缩应变降低了31.3%。SAP与PP纤维的加入可以抑制基体内部湿度的衰减,基体收缩应变与内部相对湿度呈线性变化;通过引入自燃煤矸石骨料影响系数对法国建筑行业规范AFREM中提出的收缩预测模型进行了修正,修正后模型的预测结果与试验结果吻合度较高,可用于自燃煤矸石骨料混凝土干燥收缩的计算。Abstract: In order to explore the effective method of reducing the shrinkage of spontaneous combustion coal gangue concrete, seven groups of samples were designed with the different dosage of super absorbent polymers (SAP)and polypropylene (PP)fibers, the drying shrinkage test and the internal humidity test were carried out. The effect of SAP and PP fibers on shrinkage performance of spontaneous combustion coal gangue concrete was investigated, the influence of SAP and PP fibers on the internal humidity of the matrix was analyzed, and the law of change between the drying shrinkage strain and the internal relative humidity of the matrix was revealed. The shrinkage prediction model of spontaneous combustion coal gangue concrete was proposed. The results show that the addition of SAP and PP fibers can significantly reduce the drying shrinkage of spontaneous combustion coal gangue concrete. The shrinkage value of the matrix first decreases and then increases with the increasing of the SAP addition; the shrinkage value of the matrix gradually decreases with the increment of PP fibers dosage. At the age of 90 days, when the volume content of SAP is 0.2%, the shrinkage reduction effect of matrix is the best, and the shrinkage strain of the sample is reduced by 31.3% compared with the plain concrete. The addition of SAP and PP fibers can inhibit the decay of the internal humidity; the shrinkage strain and the internal relative humidity of the matrix vary linearly. By introducing the influence coefficient of spontaneous combustion coal gangue aggregate, the AFREM shrinkage prediction model is modified, the predicted results are in good agreement with the experimental results, and the modified shrinkage model can be used for the calculation of dry shrinkage of spontaneous combustion coal gangue aggregate concrete.
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图 14 基体干燥收缩应变与内部相对湿度的关系: (a) NC; (b) 0.1%SAP/NC; (c) 0.2%SAP/NC; (d) 0.3%SAP/NC; (e) 0.05%PP/NC;(f) 0.1%PP/NC; (g) 0.15%PP/NC
Figure 14. Relation between dry shrinkage strain and internal relative humidity of the matrix: (a) NC; (b) 0.1%SAP/NC; (c) 0.2%SAP/NC; (d) 0.3%SAP/NC;(e) 0.05%PP/NC; (f) 0.1%PP/NC; (g) 0.15%PP/NC
表 1 自燃煤矸石基本物理性质
Table 1. Basic physical properties of spontaneous combustion coal gangue
Type Apparent density/
(g·cm−3)Packing density/
(g·cm−3)Crush value/% Water content/% 24 hWater
absorption rate/%Spontaneous combustion coal gangue 2.63 1.04 19.4 0.44 8.64 表 2 PP纤维基本物理性质
Table 2. Basic physical properties of PP fibers
Type Density/(g·cm−3) Tensile strength/MPa Elastic modulus/GPa Length/mm PP fibers 0.91 568 4.35 19 表 3 混凝土试件组分配合比(kg/m−3)
Table 3. Mix proportions of concrete specimens (kg/m−3)
Item Cement Fly ash Water Sand Coarse aggregate Water reducer SAP PP fiber Internal conservation water NC 320 80 152 750 1040 4 0.0 0.00 0 0.1%SAP/NC 320 80 152 750 1040 4 0.4 0.00 10 0.2%SAP/NC 320 80 152 750 1040 4 0.8 0.00 20 0.3%SAP/NC 320 80 152 750 1040 4 1.2 0.00 30 0.05%PP/NC 320 80 152 750 1040 4 0.0 0.46 0 0.1%PP/NC 320 80 152 750 1040 4 0.0 0.91 0 0.15%PP/NC 320 80 152 750 1040 4 0.0 1.37 0 Notes: In the specimens of spontaneous combustion coal gangue concrete with super absorbent polymers (SAP)or polypropylene (PP)fibers, a%SAP/NC—SAP volume fraction in the matrix is a%, b%PP/NC—PP fibers volume fraction in the matrix is b%. The dosage of SAP and PP of item NC is 0. 表 4 混凝土干燥收缩模型对比分析
Table 4. Comparative analysis of drying shrinkage models of concrete
Model Drying shrinkage limit/εcd,0 Drying shrinkage development function/βds(t) Consideration factor Calculation formula Calculation formula AFREM $K\left( {{f_{{\text{cu}}}}} \right)A\left( {{f_{{\text{cu}}}},{R_{\text{H}}}} \right) \times {10^{ - 6}}$ $ \dfrac{{t - {t_{\text{s}}}}}{{{\beta _{\text{s}}}{{\left( {{{{A_{\text{c}}}} / u}} \right)}^2} + \left( {t - {t_{\text{s}}}} \right)}} $ Drying age, ambient humidity, specimen size, concrete strength, water cement ratio fib $160 + 10{\beta _{{\text{sc}}}}\left( {9 - {{{f_{{\text{cu}}}}}/ {{f_{{\text{cu0}}}}}}} \right) \times {10^{ - 6}}$ $ {\left( {\dfrac{{t - {t_{\text{s}}}}}{{350{{\left( {{h/ {{h_0}}}} \right)}^2} + \left( {t - {t_{\text{s}}}} \right)}}} \right)^{{1/ 2}}} $ Drying age, ambient humidity, cement type, strength, specimen size ACI209.2 R $ 780{{\gamma }_{\text{cp}}}{{\gamma }_{\text{ } \lambda \text{ }}}{{\gamma }_{\text{h}}}{{\gamma }_{\text{s}}}{{\gamma }_{\text{ } \psi \text{ }}}{{\gamma }_{\text{ } \alpha \text{ }}}{{\gamma }_{\text{c}}}\times {{10}^{-6}} $ $ \dfrac{{{{\left( {t - {t_{\text{s}}}} \right)}^\alpha }}}{{f + {{\left( {t - {t_{\text{s}}}} \right)}^\alpha }}} $ Drying age, curing conditions, ambient humidity, specimen size, gas content, slump, sand strain, cement dosage EC2 $ 0.85\left[ \begin{gathered} 220 + 110{\alpha _{{\text{ds1}}}} \\ \exp \left( { - {\alpha _{{\text{ds2}}}}{\raise0.7 ex\hbox{${{f_{{\text{cu}}}}}$} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{f_{{\text{cu}}}}} {{f_{{\text{cu0}}}}}}}\right.} \lower0.7 ex\hbox{${{f_{{\text{cu0}}}}}$}}} \right) \\ \end{gathered} \right]{\beta _{{\text{RH}}}} \times {10^{ - 6}} $ $\dfrac{{t - {t_{\text{s}}}}}{{\left( {t - {t_{\text{s}}}} \right) + 0.04\sqrt {{{\left( {{{2{A_{\text{c}}}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{2{A_{\text{c}}}} u}} \right. } u}} \right)}^3}} }}$ Concrete strength, cement type, environment, ambient humidity, drying age, specimen size Notes: K(fcu)−the strength of concrete related to the diffusion of internal moistureconstant; A(fcu,RH)—the shrinkage of concrete when the internal humidity decreases due to the self-drying and moisture diffusion process; βs—correlation coefficient of mineral admixtures; Ac—section area(mm2); u—section perimeter(mm); t—the considered age of the concrete (d); ts—the age of the concrete at the begineering of drying shrinkage(d); βsc—influence coefficient of cement variety; fcu—compressive strength of concrete at 28 d (MPa); fcu0—the average compressive strength of concrete(MPa); h—the effective dimensions of the cross-section(mm); h0—the constant value(mm); γcp—correction factor for maintenance conditions; γλ—correction factor for ambient relative humidity; γh—correction factor for component dimensions; γs—correction factor for collapse; γψ—correction factor for sand rate; γα—correction factor for gas content; γc—correction factor for cement content; α—a constant value depending on the shape and size of the specimen; f— a constant value about curing time(d); αds1, αds2—influence coefficients depending on the type of cement; βRH— influence coefficient depending on the relative humidity of the ambient atmosphere. -
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