Mechanical and temperature control properties of energy storage mortar based on bio-coating/phase change microcapsules
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摘要: 为研究生物涂层/相变微胶囊对水泥砂浆力学及温控性能的影响，将表面覆有聚多巴胺涂层的相变微胶囊(PD-PCM)引入水泥砂浆中制成储能砂浆。研究了不同PD-PCM掺量(5% ~ 20%)储能砂浆的微观结构、力学性能、热工性能和冬季低温环境下的温控性能。结果表明：储能砂浆的孔隙率随着PD-PCM掺量的增加而增大，20%掺量孔隙率增加23.2%；添加PD-PCM有效减缓了传统相变储能砂浆抗压强度的大幅下降，其5%和10%掺量较基准砂浆分别提高3.6%及3.8%，20%掺量仅下降16.8%；PD-PCM的添加改善了砂浆的热工性能，其导热系数随着PD-PCM掺量的增加而降低，热阻随着PD-PCM掺量的增加而提高，20%掺量导热系数降低25.8%，热阻提高38.9%；通过绝热箱实验可知，当PD-PCM掺量为20%时，其箱内谷值温度与时滞分别较基准水泥砂浆增加1.1℃和10 min。相变储能砂浆在满足力学性能要求的同时，又具有良好的热工性能和储能调温能力，在建筑调温等领域具有广阔的应用前景。Abstract: In order to study the effect of bio-coating/phase change microcapsules on the mechanical and temperature control properties of cement mortar, phase change microcapsules (PD-PCM) coated with polydopamine on the surface were introduced into cement mortar to make energy storage mortar. The microstructure, mechanical properties, thermal properties and temperature control properties of energy storage mortars with different PD-PCM dosages (5%-20%) were investigated under the low-temperature environment in winter. The results show that: the porosity of energy storage mortar increases with the increase of PD-PCM dosage, and the porosity of 20% dosage increases by 23.2%; the addition of PD-PCM effectively slows down the significant decrease of compressive strength of traditional phase change energy storage mortar, and its 5% and 10% dosage increase by 3.6% and 3.8% respectively compared with the baseline mortar, and the 20% dosage decreases by 16.8%; the addition of PD-PCM improves the thermal performance of the mortar, and the thermal performance of the mortar is improved by 20% dosage, and the thermal performance of the mortar is reduced by 20%. The addition of PD-PCM improves the thermal performance of mortar, its thermal conductivity decreases with the increase of PD-PCM dosage, and the thermal resistance increases with the increase of PD-PCM dosage, the thermal conductivity decreases by 25.8% with 20% dosage, and the thermal resistance improves by 38.9%; through the experiment of adiabatic box, it can be seen that when the dosage of PD-PCM is 20%, the valley temperature and time lag of its box increase by 1.1℃ and 10 min, compared with that of the standard cement mortar, respectively. The phase change energy storage mortar has good thermal performance and energy storage and temperature regulation capability while meeting the requirements of mechanical properties, which has a broad application prospect in the field of building temperature regulation.
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图 1 储能砂浆温控性能试验装置示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of energy storage mortar temperature control performance test device
图 2 SEM图：(a)粉煤灰微孔漂珠；(b)具有聚多巴胺涂层的相变微胶囊
Figure 2. SEM images: (a) Fly ash microporous cenospheres; (b) Phase change microcapsules with polydopamine coating
图 3 未封装和封装相变微胶囊XRD图谱
Figure 3. XRD patterns of unencapsulated and encapsulated phase change microcapsules
图 4 未封装、封装相变微胶囊和微孔漂珠FT-IR图谱
Figure 4. FT-IR patterns of unencapsulated, encapsulated phase change microcapsules and microporous cenospheres
图 7 基准水泥砂浆与储能砂浆SEM图像：(a) 0%；(b) 5%；(c) 10%；(d) 15%；(e) 20%；(f) 20%掺量中的破碎微胶囊
Figure 7. SEM images of reference cement mortar and energy storage mortar: (a) 0%; (b) 5%; (c) 10%; (d) 15%; (e) 20%; (f) Fragmented microcapsules in 20% dosage
图 8 储能砂浆体积密度与开孔孔隙率较基准水泥砂浆的比率
Figure 8. Ratio of bulk density to open pore porosity of energy storage mortar relative to reference cement mortar
图 9 (a) 砂浆固/液试样抗压强度；(b) 固/液试样28 days抗压强度变化率
Figure 9. (a) Compressive strength of mortar solid/liquid specimens; (b) Solid/liquid specimen 28 days compressive strength change rate
图 10 各组砂浆热性能参数变化曲线
Figure 10. Change curve of thermal performance parameters of each group of mortar
图 11 温控性能曲线：(a) 基准水泥砂浆；(b) 10%储能砂浆；(c) 20%储能砂浆
Figure 11. Temperature control performance curve: (a) Reference cement mortar; (b) 10% energy storage mortar; (c) 20% energy storage mortar
表 1 砂浆配合比(kg/m3)
Sample number Cement Water Medium sand Phase change microcapsule SJM25 -P0 450 300 1350.0 0 SJM25 -P5 450 300 1282.5 26.6 SJM25 -P10 450 300 1215 53.3 SJM25 -P15 450 300 1147.5 79.9 SJM25 -P20 450 300 1080 106.5 Notes: SJM25-P0 is the benchmark mortar specimen without adding phase change microcapsules, No. SJM25-P5 is the mortar specimen prepared by replacing 5% of the volume of phase change microcapsules, and so on. 
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表 2 各组砂浆试样最终用水量与固体成分重量之比以及测试的砂浆稠度
Table 2. Ratio of final water consumption to weight of solid components and consistency of mortar tested for each group of mortar specimens
Mortar
compositionWater to
solids ratioConsistency at
fresh state /mm0% 0.166 162 5% 0.171 165 10% 0.180 167 15% 0.191 166 20% 0.202 170
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表 3 100 g PD-PCM经历多次升-降温循环后其质量损失结果
Table 3. Results of mass loss of 100 g of PD-PCM after undergoing several ascending-descending temperature cycles
100 g Number of cycles G1 G2 G3 60 120 200 60 120 200 60 120 200 Mass/g 99.54 99.5 99.44 99.55 99.49 99.45 99.55 99.5 99.45 Mass loss rate 0.46% 0.50% 0.56% 0.45% 0.51% 0.55% 0.45% 0.50% 0.55% Notes: G1 is the first set of experiments, and the other numbers follow suit.
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表 4 基准水泥砂浆与储能砂浆试样进行真空饱和度测试所测得的物理性能(变异系数)
Table 4. Physical properties measured by vacuum saturation testing of reference cement mortar and energy storage mortar specimens (Coefficient of variation)
Property No. of tests Mortar composition 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% Bulk density ρ/(kg·m−3) 3 2.13
(0.53%)2.12
(0.22%)2.06
(0.21%)2.01
(0.44%)1.97
(0.12%)Open porosity p/% 3 16.65
(5.24%)17.67
(1.37%)19.51
(1.29%)19.81
(2.00%)20.51
(0.96%)
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表 5 各组砂浆的导热系数与热阻(变异系数)
Table 5. Thermal conductivity and thermal resistance of each group of mortar (coefficient of variation)
Property No. of
testsMortar composition 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% Thermal
conductivity-
λ/(W·(m·K)−1)3 1.63
(1%)1.32
(2%)1.5
(2%)1.24
(1%)1.21
(2%)Thermal
resistance-
R/((m2∙K)·W−1)3 0.018
(2%)0.023
(2%)0.020
(1%)0.024
(1%)0.025
(2%)
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