Tufting缝合C/C复合材料制备与力学性能

刘苏骅; 严钰轩; 嵇阿琳; 肖春

Tufting缝合C/C复合材料制备与力学性能

刘苏骅^{1, 2, ,},
严钰轩^{1, 3},
嵇阿琳^{1, 3},
肖春^{1, 2}

1.
西安航天复合材料研究所, 西安 710025
2.
高性能碳纤维制造及应用国家地方联合工程中心, 西安 710089
3.
陕西省航天复合材料重点实验室, 西安 710025

详细信息

通讯作者:
刘苏骅，硕士，工程师，研究方向为C/C复合材料　E-mail: 455560625@qq.com

中图分类号: TB332
计量
- 文章访问数: 84
- HTML全文浏览量: 29
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-06-05
- 修回日期: 2024-07-14
- 录用日期: 2024-07-22
- 网络出版日期: 2024-08-13

Preparation and mechanical properties of tufting C/C composites

LIU Suhua^{1, 2
, ,},
Yan Yuxuan^{1, 3},
JI Alin^{1, 3},
XIAO Chun^{1, 2}

1.
XI’AN Aerospace Composites Institute, Xi’an 710025, China
2.
National and Local Union Engineering Research Center of High-performance Carbon Fiber Manufacture and Application, Xi’an 710089, China
3.
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Aerospace Composites, Xi’an 710025, China

摘要

摘要: 采用Tufting缝合机器人研制碳纤维缝合预制体，通过改变预制体结构与致密化方式，制备具有不同结构的缝合C/C复合材料，探讨基体类型、网胎引入、针刺工艺等对缝合C/C复合材料力学性能的影响规律，并探讨力学性能影响机理。结果表明：在完全相同的预制体结构条件下，采用化学气相沉积工艺致密的缝合C/C拉伸模量和拉伸强度更高，采用化学气相沉积+糠酮树脂浸渍碳化工艺制备的缝合C/C具有更加优异的层间剪切性能与弯曲性能。在完全相同的复合致密条件下，网胎层的加入对于提高C/C复合材料弯曲、剪切性能有积极的作用，逐层针刺+缝合C/C复合材料强度性能优于缝合C/C复合材料，但因针刺工艺的引入削弱了缝合C/C复合材料的“假塑形”变形能力。
- 缝合 /
- C/C /
- 复合材料 /
- 预制体结构 /
- 力学性能
Abstract: Using Tufting robot, carbon fiber tufted perform was developed. By changing the parameters of tufting and needle punching processes, tufted C/C composites with different structures and a combination of tufting and needle punching C/C composites were prepared. The effects of parameters such as matrix type, mesh felt and needle punching process on the mechanical properties of tufted C/C composites were studied, and the mechanism for the influence of preform structure on the mechanical properties of C/C composites were explored. The results showed that the addition of mesh layer or resin carbon matrix had a positive effect on improving the bending and shear performance of C/C composites. The strength performance of needle punched and tufted C/C composites was better than that of tufted C/C composites, but the introduction of needle punching technology weakened the “pseudo plastic” deformation of stitched C/C composites.
- Tufting /
- C/C /
- Composite /
- Preform structure /
- Mechanical performance

HTML全文

图 1 法国Novoltex^® C/C扩张段

Figure 1. Novoltex® C/C extension in France

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 KSL研制的RS522 Tufting缝合机

Figure 2. RS522 Tufting robot developed by KSL

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 Tufting缝合原理示意图

Figure 3. Schematic Diagram of Tufting principle

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 缝合C/C的CVI制备工艺流程

Figure 4. CVI preparation process of tufted C/C

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 缝合C/C的CVI+PIP制备工艺流程

Figure 5. CVI +PIP preparation process of tufted C/C

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 缝合预制体宏观形貌

Figure 6. Macroscopic morphology of tufted preform

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 缝合预制体截面形貌

Figure 7. Section morphology of tufted preform

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 A-C/C与B-C/C孔径分布

Figure 8. Pore diameter distribution of A-C/C and B-C/C

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 A-C/C与B-C/C拉伸试样断口形貌

Figure 9. Tensile specimen fracture morphology of A-C/C and B-C/C

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 B-C/C树脂碳分布

Figure 10. Resin carbon distribution of B-C/C

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 A-C/C与B-C/C宏观裂纹形貌

Figure 11. Crack morphology of A-C/C and B-C/C

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 C-C/C拉伸断口形貌

Figure 12. Tensile specimen fracture morphology of C-C/C

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 针刺纤维形貌

Figure 13. Morphology of punching fiber

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 14 D-C/C与E-C/C拉伸试样断口形貌

Figure 14. Tensile specimen fracture morphology of D-C/C and E-C/C

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 15 A-C/C与D-C/C弯曲应力-应变曲线

Figure 15. Bending stress-strain curve of A-C/C and D-C/C

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 16 D-C/C宏观裂纹形貌

Figure 16. Crack morphology of D-C/C

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 缝合预制体结构类型

Table 1. Structure of tufted preforms

Number	Forming method of preforms	Layup type
A	Laying up + integral tufting	Non-woven carbon fabrics + Carbon fiber mesh felts
B	Laying up + integral tufting	Non-woven carbon fabrics + Carbon fiber mesh felts
C	Laying up + integral tufting	Non-woven carbon fabrics
D	Laying up + Layer by layer needling+ integral tufting	Non-woven carbon fabrics + Carbon fiber mesh felts
E	Laying up + Cycle by Cycle needling + integral tufting	Non-woven carbon fabrics + Carbon fiber mesh felts

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 缝合C/C复合材料密度

Table 2. Density of tufted preforms

Number	Density of preforms g·cm⁻³	Density of composite g·cm⁻³	Preparation method
A	0.578	1.55	CVI
B	0.578	1.56	CVI+PIP
C	0.792	1.58	CVI
D	0.653	1.58	CVI
E	0.575	1.57	CVI

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 缝合预制体纤维体积含量

Table 3. Fiber volume content of tufted preforms

Number	Fiber volume fraction	Fiber volume content of mesh felt	Z-direction fiber content	XY-direction fiber content	Density of preforms g·cm^-3
A	32.11%	4.23%	1.23%	26.66%	0.578
B	32.11%	4.23%	1.23%	26.66%	0.578
C	44%	0	1.23%	42.77%	0.792
D	36.28%	4.77%	1.23%	30.27%	0.653
E	31.94%	4.20%	1.23%	26.51%	0.575

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 A-C/C与B-C/C力学性能对比

Table 4. Comparison of mechanical properties between A-C/C and B-C/C

Number	Tensile modulus/GPa	Tensile strength/MPa	Flexural modulus/GPa	Flexural strength/MPa	Shear strength/MPa
A-C/C	42.73	82.40	17.57	95.53	9.95
B-C/C	35.41	71.38	19.75	125.67	12.09

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 C-C/C力学性能

Table 5. Mechanical properties of C-C/C

Number	Tensile modulus/GPa	Tensile strength/MPa	Flexural modulus/GPa	Flexural strength/MPa	Shear strength/MPa
C-C/C	37.35	95.50	7.75	43.14	5.39

下载: 导出CSV

表 6 D-C/C与E-C/C力学性能

Table 6. Mechanical properties of D-C/C and E-C/C

Number	Tensile modulus/GPa	Tensile strength/MPa	Flexural modulus/GPa	Flexural strength/MPa	Shear strength/MPa
D-C/C	32.60	91.34	13.70	114.55	16.82
E-C/C	35.26	80.13	20.80	102.63	9.37

下载: 导出CSV

[1]	杜善义. 先进复合材料与航空航天[I]. 复合材料学报, 2007, 24(1): l-12. DU Shanyi. Advanced composite materials and aerospace engineering[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2007, 24(1): 1-12(in Chinese).
[2]	李贺军. 碳/碳复合材料[J]. 新型碳材料, 200l, 16(2): 79-80. LI Hejun. Carbon/carbon composites[J]. New carbon materials, 2001, 16(2): 79-80 (in Chinese).
[3]	苏君明, 周绍建, 李瑞珍, 等. 工程应用C/C复合材料的性能分析与展望[J]. 新型碳材料, 2015, (2): 106-114. SU Junming, ZHOU Shaojian, LI Ruizhen, et al. A review of carbon-carbon composites for engineering applications[J]. New carbon materials, 2015, (2): 106-114(in Chinese).
[4]	李耿, 王周成, 生志斐, 等. C/C扩张段典型连接结构热应力对比分析及试验研究[J]. 固体火箭技术, 2017, 40(3): 289-294. doi: 10.7673/j.issn.1006-2793.2017.03.004 LI Geng, WANG Zhoucheng, SHENG Zhifei, et al. Comparative analysis of thermal stress and test research for C/C divergent section with typical connecting structure[J]. Journal of Solid Rocket Technology, 2017, 40(3): 289-294(in Chinese). doi: 10.7673/j.issn.1006-2793.2017.03.004
[5]	LANCOMBE A, LACOSTE M, PICHON T. 3D Novoltex and Naxeco SepcarbCarbon-Carbon Nozzle Extensions[R]. AIAA-2008-5236
[6]	ALAIN L. High Temperature Composite Nozzle Extensions: A Mature and Efficient Technology to Improve Upper Stage Liquid Rocket Engine Performance. AIAA, 2007, 2007-5470.
[7]	查柏林, 高勇, 王金金, 等. C/C复合材料在超声速富氧烧蚀环境下的烧蚀试验方法研究[J]. 固体火箭技术, 2024, 47(1): 87-98. doi: 10.7673/j.issn.1006-2793.2024.01.011 ZHA Bailin, GAO Yong, WANG Jinjin, et al. Ablation test method for C/C composites in supersonic oxygen-enriched ablation environment[J]. Journal of Solid Rocket Technology, 2024, 47(1): 87-98(in Chinese). doi: 10.7673/j.issn.1006-2793.2024.01.011
[8]	白侠, 李辅安, 李崇俊, 等. 纤维单向缠绕制备C/C扩张段成型技术[J]. 宇航材料工艺, 2008, 38(4): 63-65,69. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2330.2008.04.016 BAI Xia, LI Fuan, LI Chongjun, et al. Molding Technology of New C/C Divergent Section[J]. Aerospace Materials & Technology, 2008, 38(4): 63-65,69(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2330.2008.04.016
[9]	刘苏骅, 李崇俊, 嵇阿琳. Tufting缝合复合材料预制体的成型与研究进展[J]. 航空制造技术, 2017, (14): 88-92,96. LIU Suhua, LI Chongjun, JI Alin. Manufacture and Advances of Tufting Composite Preform[J]. Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology, 2017, (14): 88-92,96(in Chinese).
[10]	MOURITZ A P, BANNISTER M K, FALZON P J, et al. Review of applications for advanced three-fibre textile composites[J]. Composites Part A Applied Science & Manufacturing, 1999, 30(12): 1445-1461.
[11]	SICKINGER C, HERRMANN A S, SICKINGER C, et al. Structural stitching as a method to design high performance composites in future [C], International Techtextil-Symposium for Technical Textiles, Nonwovens and Textile-Reinforced Materials, Germany. 2001.
[12]	ING D, WITTING J. Recent development in robotic stitching technology for textile structural composites[J]. JTATM, 2001, 2(1): 1-8.
[13]	GRUNDMANN T, GRIES T, KORDI M T, et al. Robot-supported joining of reinforcement textiles with one-sided sewing heads[J]. Technical Textiles, 2006, 49(4): 200.
[14]	A. V. HAWLEY, Preliminary design of an advanced technology composite wing for a transport aircraft [C], Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Conference, Society of Allied Weight Engineers (SAWE), Long Beach, CA, 23–25 May, 1994.
[15]	THURM T. Applications of one-sided stitching techniques for resin infusion preforms and structures[J]. Sampe Journal, 2005, 41(1): 64-67.
[16]	TREIBER, JOHANNES W G. Performance of tufted carbin fibre/epoxy composites[J]. Cranfield University, 2011.
[17]	DELL’ANNO G, GIUSEPPE. Effect of tufting on the mechanical behaviour of carbon fabric/epoxy composites[J]. Cranfield University, 200730.
[18]	李新涛, 赵高文, 许正辉, 等. 缝合结构C/C复合材料的制备及组织[J]. 宇航材料工艺, 2011, 41(1): 58-60,65. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2330.2011.01.014 LI Xintao, ZHAO Gaowen, XU Zhenghui, et al. Fabrication and Microstructures of Stitched C/C Composites[J]. Aerospace Materials & Technology, 2011, 41(1): 58-60,65(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2330.2011.01.014
[19]	周红英, 张晓虎, 邹武, 等. 糠酮树脂碳及其碳/碳复合材料微观结构与性能研究[J]. 固体火箭技术, 2007, 30(3): 260-263. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-2793.2007.03.019 ZHOU Hongying, ZHANG Xiaohu, ZOU Wu, et al. Study on microstructure and performance of FA resin carbon and FA resin matrix carbon-carbon composites[J]. Journal of Solid Rocket Technology, 2007, 30(3): 260-263 (in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-2793.2007.03.019
[20]	王春敏, 董娟, 董孚允. 缝合复合材料的力学性能[J]. 纤维复合材料, 2002, 18(1): 18-22. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-6423.2002.01.006 WANG Chunmin, DONG Juan, DONG Fuyun. Mechanical Properties of Stitched Composites[J]. Fiber Composites, 2002, 18(1): 18-22(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-6423.2002.01.006
[21]	TANG Ssufang, ZHOU Xingming, DENG Jjingyi, et al. The preparation of 2D C/C composites by chemical vapor infiltra-tion[J]. New Carbon Materials, 2005, 20(2): 139-143.
[22]	陶洋, 李存静, 逄增媛, 等. 展宽布/网胎针刺C/C复合材料制备及力学性能[J]. 复合材料学报, 2024, 41(4): 1934-1944. TAO Yang, LI Cunjing, PANG Zengyuan, et al. Preparation and mechanical properties of spreading cloth/carbon fiber felt needled C/C composites[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2024, 41(4): 1934-1944(in Chinese).
[23]	熊翔, 黄伯云, 李江鸿, 等. 准三维C/C复合材料的弯曲性能及其破坏机理[J]. 航空材料学报, 2006, 26(4): 88-91. XIONG Xiang, HUANG Baiyun, LI Jiang-hong, et al. Bending Property and Fracture Mechanism of Quasi-3D C/C Composites[J]. Journal of Aeronautical Materials, 2006, 26(4): 88-91. (in Chinese)
[24]	刘宇峰, 李同起, 冯志海, 等. 薄层化碳布缝合碳/碳复合材料制备与性能[J]. 复合材料学报, 2021, 38(4): 1210-1222. LIU Yufeng, LI Tongqi, FENG Zhihai, et al. Preparation and properties of spreading carbon cloth stitched C/C composite[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2021, 38(4): 1210-1222 (in Chinese).
[25]	李艳, 崔红, 王斌, 等. 致密化工艺对厚壁针刺 C/C 复合材料性能的影响[J]. 复合材料学报, 2017, 34(10): 2337-2343. LI Yan, CUI Hong, WANG Bin, et al. Effect of densify-cation methods on properties of thick-wall needled C/Ccomposites[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2017, 34(10): 2337-2343 (in Chinese).
[26]	XU H, LI L, LI G, et al. In situ characterization of the flexu-ral behavior and failure mechanism of 2D needle-punched carbon/carbon composites by digital image correlation[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 2022, 57(24): 11077-11091. doi: 10.1007/s10853-022-07272-y
[27]	卢雪峰, 张洁, 钱坤, 等. 密度梯度变化预制体对 C/C 复合材料结构和力学性能的影响[J]. 化工新型材料, 2015, 43(8): 160-162. LU Xuefeng, ZHANG Jie, QIAN Kun, et al. Effect of carbon fiber preform with variable density on the structure and mechanical property of C/C composites[J]. New Chemical Materials, 2015, 43(8): 160-162(in Chinese).