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核壳式链状电磁复合吸波材料的研究进展

乔明涛 李祥 齐靖泊 魏剑 张秋禹

乔明涛, 李祥, 齐靖泊, 等. 核壳式链状电磁复合吸波材料的研究进展[J]. 复合材料学报, 2024, 42(0): 1-13.
引用本文: 乔明涛, 李祥, 齐靖泊, 等. 核壳式链状电磁复合吸波材料的研究进展[J]. 复合材料学报, 2024, 42(0): 1-13.
Qiao Mingtao, Li Xiang, Qi Jingbo, et al. Progress on chain-like electromagnetic wave absorption materials with core-shell structures[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica.
Citation: Qiao Mingtao, Li Xiang, Qi Jingbo, et al. Progress on chain-like electromagnetic wave absorption materials with core-shell structures[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica.

核壳式链状电磁复合吸波材料的研究进展

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金青年项目(52302112); 陕西省教育厅重点科学研究计划项目(22JY037、 22JY039)
详细信息
    通讯作者:

    乔明涛,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为核壳结构电磁复合纳米材料的构筑与功能性研究;MOF基衍生材料的结构设计及其在锂硫电池正极材料方面的应用研究。 E-mail: mtqiao@xauat.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: TB333

Progress on chain-like electromagnetic wave absorption materials with core-shell structures

Funds: Key Scientific Research Program of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education (22JY037、 22JY039); National Natural Science Foundation of China (52302112)
  • 摘要: 电磁波吸收材料不仅可以解决电磁污染、电磁干扰、电磁泄露等问题,还是有效的雷达隐身材料,因而吸引了广大研究者的热忱。核壳式链状电磁复合材料作为新型的电磁波吸收材料,表现出多重的结构优势。介电壳层与磁性内核的复合能够产生电磁损耗协同作用;高长径比的一维结构,提供了电磁波的传输路径;自组装形成的三维网络,增强了电磁波的多重反射;类天线效应有助于增加电磁波的多重散射;此外,选择恰当的介电壳层能够使核壳式链状电磁复合吸波材料兼顾抗氧化性、耐腐蚀性、耐高温性等,确保了电磁波吸收材料的环境适应性。根据现阶段的研究进展,本文系统综述了核壳式链状电磁复合吸波材料的制备方法,对比分析了长径比、壳层类型、壳层厚度、壳层数量、多孔结构以及壳层的晶相组成等结构因素对吸波性能的影响,阐明了核壳式链状电磁复合吸波材料的详细损耗机制,展望了核壳式链状电磁复合吸波材料的改进策略与发展方向。

     

  • 图  1  电磁波吸收材料的吸波示意图。

    Figure  1.  Absorption diagram of electromagnetic wave absorbing materials.

    图  2  典型核壳式链状电磁复合吸波材料及由其组成的三维网状结构和阵列结构的示意图。

    Figure  2.  Schematic diagram of typical core-shell structured chain-like electromagnetic composite absorbing materials and the three-dimensional network and array structures composed thereof.

    图  3  SEM图:(a)化学还原法制备的Ni@PANI纳米链[48]; (b)和(c)表面活性剂诱导法制备的Ni纳米链[20];(d)溶剂热法制备出的α-Fe@Fe3O4纳米链[23]:(e)磁诱导自组装法制备出Yolk–shell型Fe3O4@C(掺杂N)纳米链[29]

    Figure  3.  SEM images: (a) Ni@PANI nanochains prepared by chemical reduction[48]; (b) and (c) Ni nanochains prepared by surfactant-induced method[20]; (d) α-Fe@Fe3O4 nanochains prepared by solvothermal method[23]; (e) Yolk-shell type Fe3O4@C (N-doped) nanochains prepared by magnetic-induced self-assembly[29].

    图  4  CoNi链和微球形成机制的示意图[32]

    Figure  4.  Schematic diagram of the formation mechanism of CoNi chains and microspheres[32].

    图  5  CoNi链的光学显微照片和相应的链长分布直方图:(a,d)CoNi−C−6,(b,e)CoNi−C−9和(c,f)CoNi−C−12[32]

    Figure  5.  Optical micrographs of CoNi chains and the corresponding histogram of chain length distribution: (a, d) CoNi−C−6, (b, e) CoNi−C−9, and(c, f) CoNi−C−12[32].

    图  6  TF@Ppy−1 、TF@Ppy−2和TF@Ppy−3的三维反射损耗图及其平面投影[15]

    Figure  6.  Three-dimensional reflection loss diagrams of TF@Ppy−1, TF@Ppy−2, and TF@Ppy−3, and their planar projections[15].

    图  7  Yolk-Shell型 Fe3O4@void@SiO2@Ppy纳米链制备示意图[39]

    Figure  7.  Schematic illustration of the preparation of Yolk-Shell type Fe3O4@void@SiO2@Ppy nanochains[39].

    图  8  随着烧结温度的增加,Fe3O4@TiO2纳米链中TiO2外壳的晶相组成变化趋势示意图[46]

    Figure  8.  Schematic diagram of the trend in crystal phase composition of the TiO2 shell in Fe3O4@TiO2 nanochains with increasing sintering temperature[46].

    图  9  Ni、Ni@PANI、Ni@PS纳米链石蜡基样品的介电损耗角切(tan δε)在1−18 GHz范围内的变化趋势图[48]

    Figure  9.  Trend diagram of the dielectric loss tangent (tan δε) for paraffin-based samples of Ni, Ni@PANI, and Ni@PS nanochains in the1−18 GHz range[48].

    表  1  不同吸波剂性能对比

    Table  1.   Comparison of Performance of Different Absorber

    Samples Filling ratio/wt% RL min/dB EAB/GHz Thickness/mm Ref
    Ni@PANI −51.16 3.4 2.7 [48]
    1 D@2 D Fe −57.3 11.5 1.9 [17]
    Ni@PVP 50 −49 4.2 1.8 [20]
    α-Fe@Fe3O4 −25.6 3.6(14.4~18.0) 0.8 [23]
    Yolk–shell Fe3O4@C 20 −63.09 5.34(9.62 ~14.96) 3.1 [29]
    Fe@Fe3C@C −58.0 3.5 2.4 [30]
    Co@PANI −73.16 4.98(12.28~17.26) 4.63 [36]
    Ni@PANI −65.06 5.02 3.88 [36]
    FeCo/PVP 50 −20 2.0−10.0 2.0−8.0 [31]
    CoNi/PVDF 60 −48.99 3.5(13~16.5) 5.0 [32]
    TiO2@Fe3O4@PPy −61.8 6.0(10.8 ~16.8) 3.3 [15]
    Yolk-Shell Fe3O4@void@SiO2 35 −54.2 5.9(11.49~17.39) 1.8 [39]
    ZnFe2O4@SiO2@C @NiCo2O4 30 −54.29 5.66(11.94~17.60) 2.39 [41]
    Fe3O4@void@mSiO2@ MnO2 40 −45.76 5.13(10.49 ~15.62) 6.1 [44]
    Fe3O4@TiO2 −21.29 5.09(11.83~16.92) 7.0 [47]
    Fe3O4@C −45.3 2.3 GHz(7.8~ 11.1 GHz) 2.2 [51]
    Notes: RL min−Minimum reflection loss; EAB−Effective absorption bandwidth; PANI−Polyaniline; PVP−Polyvinyl pyrrolidone; PVDF−Polyvinylidene fluoride; PPy−Polypyrrole.
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  • 收稿日期:  2024-07-01
  • 修回日期:  2024-08-12
  • 录用日期:  2024-08-31
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