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硅氧烷改性环氧树脂基复合材料层间力学性能与耐热性

曹东风 陈新昌 冀运东 胡海晓 刘江波 李书欣

曹东风, 陈新昌, 冀运东, 等. 硅氧烷改性环氧树脂基复合材料层间力学性能与耐热性[J]. 复合材料学报, 2023, 40(11): 6098-6109. doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230109.001
引用本文: 曹东风, 陈新昌, 冀运东, 等. 硅氧烷改性环氧树脂基复合材料层间力学性能与耐热性[J]. 复合材料学报, 2023, 40(11): 6098-6109. doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230109.001
CAO Dongfeng, CHEN Xinchang, JI Yundong, et al. Interlaminar mechanical properties and heat resistance of silicone modified epoxy resin composites[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2023, 40(11): 6098-6109. doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230109.001
Citation: CAO Dongfeng, CHEN Xinchang, JI Yundong, et al. Interlaminar mechanical properties and heat resistance of silicone modified epoxy resin composites[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2023, 40(11): 6098-6109. doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230109.001

硅氧烷改性环氧树脂基复合材料层间力学性能与耐热性

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230109.001
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(52273080);先进能源科学与技术广东省实验室佛山分中心(佛山仙湖实验室)开放基金 (XHT2020-002);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2020III028GX;2021III015JC;WUT2021IVA068)
详细信息
    通讯作者:

    冀运东,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为复合材料阻燃与残余强度 E-mail: jiyundong@whut.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: TB332

Interlaminar mechanical properties and heat resistance of silicone modified epoxy resin composites

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (52273080); Open Fund for Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Provincial Laboratory Foshan Branch (Foshan Xianhu Laboratory) (XHT2020-002); Special Funds for Basic Scientific Research Business Expenses of Central Universities (2020III028GX; 2021III015JC; WUT2021IVA068)
  • 摘要: 通过环氧树脂基体增韧改性同时提升环氧树脂基复合材料层间力学性能和耐热性能的研究具有重要工程应用价值。对端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷与环氧树脂进行缩合反应制备改性树脂(ES),采用真空导入方法制备玻璃纤维增强改性环氧树脂基复合材料(ES-GF)。通过双悬臂梁和短梁剪切等实验对复合材料的层间力学性能进行测量,通过热失重和动态机械热测试对复合材料的耐热性能进行评价,相应的玻璃纤维增强未改性环氧基复合材料(EP-GF)的层间力学性能和耐热性能也被测试用于对比分析。为了对复合材料层间力学性能强化和耐热性提升的物理机制进行解析,改性前后的环氧树脂的拉伸强度、拉伸模量、弯曲强度、弯曲模量、拉伸断裂延伸率、摆锤冲击强度和微观结构特征等也被测量和表征。实验结果表明:相比EP-GF,ES-GF的I型临界应变能释放率(断裂韧性)提升了98.1%,层间剪切强度提升13.3%,层间力学性能的强化归因于Si—O键柔性链段、“韧性点”发挥“钉锚”及纤维/基体浸润性提高的综合作用,其层间破坏模式由纤维基体脱粘转变为基体内聚破坏。ES的最大热失重速率降低了33.1%,800℃最终残余增加了13.5倍。在玻璃化转变温度Tg之前ES-GF的储能模量比EP-GF提高1.3 GPa,在Tg之后ES-GF的储能模量比EP-GF提高0.8 GPa左右,硅氧烷改性环氧树脂的玻璃化转变温度略有提高。

     

  • 图  1  端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷(HTPDMS)改性环氧树脂反应机制

    Figure  1.  Reaction mechanism of epoxy resin modified by hydroxyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane (HTPDMS)

    图  2  双臂悬梁(DCB)实验测试图

    Figure  2.  Cantilever arms (DCB) experimental test diagram

    图  3  EP与ES树脂的断裂延伸率和冲击强度

    Figure  3.  Elongation at break and impact strength of EP and ES

    图  4  EP与ES树脂浇铸体的拉伸强度和模量(a)及弯曲强度和模量(b)

    Figure  4.  Tensile strength and modulus (a), flexural strength and modulus (b) of EP and ES resin

    图  5  EP (a)和ES (b)浇铸体拉伸试样断面扫描电镜图

    Figure  5.  SEM images of the cross-section of EP (a) and ES (b) cast specimens after tensile testing

    图  6  EP-玻璃纤维(GF)和ES-GF层间剪切强度

    Figure  6.  Interlaminar shear strength of EP-glass fiber (GF) and ES-GF

    图  7  复合材料短梁剪切测试载荷-位移曲线

    Figure  7.  Load-displacement curves of composite short beam shear test

    图  8  EP-GF (a)与ES-GF (b)短梁剪切截面形貌

    Figure  8.  Cross-sectional morphology of EP-GF (a) and ES-GF (b) composite short beam shear

    图  9  EP-GF和ES-GF的DCB测试的R曲线

    GIC—Release rate of type I critical strain energy

    Figure  9.  R-curves of EP-GF and ES-GF for DCB test

    图  10  EP与玻璃板(a)和ES与玻璃板(b)的润湿角

    Figure  10.  Wetting angle between EP and glass plate (a) and between ES and glass plate (b)

    图  11  DCB测试后EP-GF ((a), (c))和ES-GF ((b), (d))断裂面SEM图像

    Figure  11.  SEM images of fracture surface EP-GF ((a), (c)) and ES-GF ((b), (d)) after DCB test

    图  12  ES-GF纤维与树脂间的裂纹扩展示意图

    Figure  12.  Schematic diagram of crack propagation between fiber and resin of ES-GF

    图  13  EP和ES的TG (a)和DTG (b)曲线

    Figure  13.  TG (a) and DTG (b) curves of EP and ES

    图  14  EP和ES的DSC曲线

    Figure  14.  DSC curves of EP and ES resin

    图  15  树脂浇铸体及其复合材料的储能模量(a)、损耗模量(b)和损耗因子tanδ (c)

    Figure  15.  Storage modulus (a), loss modulus (b) and loss factor tanδ (c) of resin casting and its composites

    表  1  环氧树脂(EP)与HTPDMS改性环氧树脂(ES)固化配比表 (质量比)

    Table  1.   Epoxy resin (EP) and HTPDMS modified epoxy resin (ES) curing ratio table (Mass ratio)

    NameE51/%HTPDMS/%MeHHPA/%DMP-30/%
    EP100 0 85.68 0.5
    ES 80 20 68.54 0.5
    Notes: MeHHPA—Tetramethylhexahydrophthalic anhydride; DMP-30—2, 4, 6-tri(dimethylaminomethyl) phenol.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  EP和ES在空气气氛下的热失重数据

    Table  2.   Thermogravimetric data of EP and ES in air

    AtmosphereSampleT−5%/℃T−10%/℃Tmax1/℃Tmax2/℃Char residue in
    800℃/wt%
    AirEP323.0337.0369.9517.30.37
    ES299.9317.9351.0507.45.38
    Notes: T−5%—Onset degradation temperature at 5.0wt% mass loss; T−10%—Temperature at 10wt% mass loss; Tmax1 and Tmax2—Maximum decomposition temperature in the first and second stage.
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2022-11-14
  • 修回日期:  2022-12-23
  • 录用日期:  2022-12-25
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-01-11
  • 刊出日期:  2023-11-01

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