Research progress on preparation technology of carbon fiber prepreg for additive manufacturing
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摘要: 碳纤维增强复合材料(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite，CFRP)具有力具有轻质、高强、耐高温、耐腐蚀、抗疲劳、热力学性能优异等特点，是航空航天、军工装备、医疗设备、轨道交通和新能源产业等领域理想的零部件原材料。碳纤维预浸料是CFRP制备过程的中间制品，其优劣决定了复合材料的最终性能。增材制造可以低成本快速成型复杂零件，因此针对增材制造技术的碳纤维预浸料研发成为研究热点。增材制造用碳纤维预浸料的制备可以分为放卷、展纱、改性、浸渍以及冷却收卷几部分。本文总结了增材制造用碳纤维预浸料的制备技术的研究现状，总结了不同工艺的原理特点并详细说明了不同工艺对增材制造用碳纤维预浸料乃至复合材料的影响，最后对目前增材制造用碳纤维预浸料的制备工艺存在的问题做了总结并对其发展方向做了展望。Abstract: Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite (CFRP) has the characteristics of light weight, high strength, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, excellent thermodynamic properties, etc. It is an ideal raw material for parts and components in aerospace, military equipment, medical equipment, rail transit and new energy industries. Carbon fiber prepreg is an intermediate product in the preparation of CFRP, and its quality determines the final performance of the composite. Additive manufacturing can rapidly shape complex parts at low cost, so the research and development of carbon fiber prepreg for additive manufacturing technology has become a research hotspot. The preparation of carbon fiber prepreg for additive manufacturing can be divided into unwinding, yarn spreading, modification, impregnation and cooling winding. This paper summarizes the research status of the preparation technology of carbon fiber prepreg for additive manufacturing, summarizes the principle and characteristics of different processes, and explains in detail the influence of different processes on carbon fiber prepreg for additive manufacturing and even composite materials. Finally, the existing problems in the preparation process of carbon fiber prepreg for additive manufacturing are summarized and its development direction is prospected.
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表 1 展纱方法对比
Table 1. Comparison of yarn spreading methods
Yarn spreading method Yarn spreading principle Yarn spreading effect applied range Mechanical roller spread Spreader rolls are misaligned Ordinary wide Ultrasonic yarn spreading Ultrasonic vibration yarn spreading Good narrow Air yarn spreading Compressed air jet yarn spreading Good narrow 
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表 2 不同碳纤维表面改性方法对比
Table 2. Comparison of different surface modification methods of carbon fibers
Modification method Modification principle Peculiarity Sizing treatment Binding fiber to resin matrix Easy to operate but solvent required Electrophoretic deposition Electric fields deposit charged particles The process is simple and improves the conductivity In situ growth technology Free growth with initiator as medium Easy to introduce functionality, complex operation Microwave irradiation modification Microwave heating breaks chemical bonds Highly effective but difficult to control
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表 3 各种浸渍方法的比较
Table 3. Comparison of different impregnation methods
Impregnation method Peculiarity Scope of application Melt impregnation Low energy consumption, short preparation cycle, low cost, fast cooling Widely used but not suitable for high viscosity resin impregnation Powder impregnation Wet powder impregnation The porosity of prepreg can be reduced effectively Powder material, spray, brush coating Dry powder impregnation Simpler materials and more efficient production processes Chargeable material, simple material impregnation Solution impregnation Can improve infiltration
But there are limitationsHigh viscosity resin impregnation Fiber blending method Easy to complete the dipping process Mixed fabric, complex shape forming
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