Janus moisture induced hydrovoltaic electricity GO-rGO composite material via reduction and tabletting method
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摘要:
水伏发电材料作为一种新兴的能源材料，能够利用自然界中各类形式的水循环而产生电能，对于碳达峰、碳中和背景下可再生能源的替代以及温室效应的缓解有着重要的意义。其中，具有湿气诱导特性的水伏材料因其可以在自然环境中随时发电的特性而被广泛研究，然而，该类材料目前仍存在制备方法复杂、输出性能较低、稳定性较差等科学问题需要解决。本文通过一种简单的多巴胺自聚合化学还原及冻干冷压的方式，制备出在面外方向上存在异质分布的Janus湿气诱导水伏发电GO-rGO复合材料，将冷冻干燥后的GO多孔材料与rGO多孔材料一次性压片，可以形成含氧官能团分布梯度，因此能够在自然环境中借助湿气自发形成离子并产生定向移动，从而进行电能输出。集成后的湿气诱导水伏发电机具有良好的输出性能与应用前景，单个器件的开路电压接近400 mV，功率密度可达25 μW/cm3。此外，发电机在使用过程中还表现出良好的稳定性，能够长时间运行并且1年后性能仍未衰减。更重要的是，通过串联和阵列化工作，器件的开路电压能够轻松达到伏特级别，从而驱动低功耗器件，同时对湿度具有灵敏的响应，能够用于相应的传感监测场景。 Janus湿气诱导水伏发电GO-rGO复合材料的发电机理与应用场景说明 Abstract: With the increasing demand of sensor self-power supply device under the information age and the aggravation of global warming and environmental problems caused by the use of traditional fossil energy, it is urgent to come up with new energy utilization and power generation ways. As a passive, zero-carbon and negative heat energy conversion method, hydrovoltaic power generation can make full use of the water cycle in nature and has significant research value. In this paper, moisture induced hydrovoltaic technology is chosen as the energy utilization form and graphene oxide (GO) was used as the raw material. Through the self-polymerization reaction of dopamine, part of the raw material could be reacted to reduced grapheme oxide (rGO), and the freeze-drying and tableting were combined to fabricate the Janus hydrovoltaic GO-rGO composite material. The as-prepared material has obvious characteristics of gradient distribution of oxygen-containing functional groups and can generate electricity for a long time under high humidity conditions, the output voltage of a single hydrovoltaic device is nearly 400 mV and the peak power density is up to 25 μW/cm3. Besides, it exhibits excellent stability which still maintain good output performance after 1 year. More importantly, this generator can be arrays in series to further improve the generation property for driving low-power devices and responding the expiration-inspiration behavior, the output voltage of 8 devices in series can easily reach to 3 V. The as-prepared moisture hydrovoltaic material and generator have the advantage of simple preparation method and excellent output performance, thus showing good application prospect in the field of self-power supply and sensing.-
Key words:
- hydrovoltaic power /
- chemical reduction /
- Janus material /
- moisture induction /
- self-power mode /
- sensing
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图 1 Janus 湿气诱导水伏发电 GO-rGO 复合材料的制备流程与水伏发电器件示意图
Figure 1. The fabrication process of the Janus moisture induced electricity generation GO-rGO composite material and the corresponding hydrovoltaic generator.
图 2 Janus 湿气诱导水伏发电 GO-rGO 复合材料的表 面形貌: (a), (b) 氧化石墨烯部分的数码照片与 SEM 照片； (c), (d) 还原氧化石墨烯部分的数码照片与 SEM 照片
Figure 2. The surface morphology of the Janus moisture in- duced electricity generation GO-rGO composite material: (a)-(b) Digital image and SEM image of the GO surface. (c)-(d) Digital image and SEM image of the rGO surface
图 3 Janus 湿气诱导水伏发电 GO-rGO 复合材料的 官能团浓度梯度表征: (a) Janus 水伏发电材料的 SEM 截面照片；(b) GO 区域与 rGO 区域的 O/C 原子含量比；(c), (d) GO 区域与rGO 区域的 C 元素 XPS 窄扫精细谱图；(e) GO 面与rGO 面的红外图谱
Figure 3. The characterization of functional group concentra- tion gradient in Janus moisture induced electricity genera- tion GO-rGO composite material: (a) The cross section SEM image of the Janus MEGM. (b)The O/C atomic ratio of the GO surface and rGO surface.(c)-(d) High-resolution XPS C as narrow scans of the GOsurface and rGO surface, respectively. (e) FTIR spectra ofGO surface and rGO surface
图 4 Janus 湿气诱导水伏发电 GO-rGO 复合材料与发电机的发电性能: (a) Janus 湿气诱导水伏发电复合材料的发电机理；(b) 材料在不同湿度下的输出电压； (c) 水伏器件的输出电压/输出电流随外接负载的变化；(d) 水伏器件长时间工作时的输出电压；(e) 材料在 0 天与放置 365 天后的输出电压；(f) 纯 rGO 与 GO 膜材料的湿气发电性能
Figure 4. The performance of the Janus moisture induced electricity generation GO-rGO composite material and generator: (a) Electricity generation scheme of the Janus GO-rGO composite material. (b) Output voltage of the as-prepared material at different moisture condition. (c) Output voltage (black curve) and current density (blue curve) of the Janus MEGM with different electric resistors. (d) The output voltage of the hydrovoltaic device working for a long time. (e) Output performance of the material at the original state and after 365 days, respectively. (f) The output voltage of the pure rGO and GO material, respectively
图 5 湿气诱导水伏发电机的应用展示: (a) Janus 湿气诱导水伏发电机输出电压随呼气-吸气的变化；(b) 8 器件串联水伏器件阵列的输出电压，附图是阵列外观数码照片。
Figure 5. Application illustration of the moisture induced hydro- voltaic generator: (a) Responsive performance of the Janus hydrovoltaic devicebetween expiration and inspiration. (b) Output voltage of thehydrovoltaic array with 8 individual devices connected in se-ries, insets are the digital photo of the device array and the il-lustration of LED self-powered application.
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