Electromagnetic absorption properties of TiC/Fe@nitrogen-doped carbon nanohorn composites
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摘要: Fe/C复合材料因其优异的微波吸收性能而备受关注,但其阻抗匹配和匹配厚度有待进一步优化。本文通过高温等离子放电法在制备包覆Fe纳米颗粒的氮掺杂碳纳米角(Fe@NCNHs)的基础上引入了TiC,成功合成包覆TiC和Fe纳米颗粒的N掺杂碳纳米角(TiC/Fe@NCNHs)复合材料。这种复合材料具有良好的阻抗匹配,同时具备介电损耗、磁损耗、反射损耗等多种损耗机制,展现出良好的电磁波衰减性能。实验结果表明,当Fe和TiC纳米颗粒的负载量分别为9wt%和7wt%时,吸波性能最优。在频率为17.66 GHz处,其匹配厚度为1.4 mm,最小反射损耗达到−41.66 dB,有效吸收带宽为4.85 GHz(13.15-18 GHz)。本研究解决了Fe/C复合材料阻抗匹配差的问题,并且进一步优化了其电磁波衰减性能,获得了“薄、轻、宽、强”的TiC/Fe@NCNHs 吸波材料。Abstract: Fe/C composites have attracted much attention due to their excellent microwave absorption properties, but their impedance matching and matched thickness need to be further optimised. In this paper, TiC was introduced on the basis of the preparation of nitrogen-doped carbon nanohorns (Fe@NCNHs) encapsulating Fe nanoparticles by high-temperature plasma discharge method, and N-doped carbon nanohorns (TiC/Fe@NCNHs) composites encapsulating TiC and Fe nanoparticles were successfully synthesised. This composite material has good impedance matching and various loss mechanisms such as dielectric loss, magnetic loss, reflection loss, etc., and exhibits good electromagnetic wave attenuation performance. The experimental results show that the optimum wave-absorbing performance is achieved when the loadings of Fe and TiC nanoparticles are 9 wt% and 7 wt%, respectively. At a frequency of 17.66 GHz with a matched thickness of 1.4 mm, the minimum reflection loss reaches -41.66 dB and the effective absorption bandwidth is 4.85 GHz (13.15-18 GHz). In this study, the problem of poor impedance matching of Fe/C composites is solved, and the electromagnetic wave attenuation performance is further optimised, and the TiC/Fe@NCNHs wave-absorbing materials are obtained as "thin, light, wide and strong".
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Key words:
- microwave absorption /
- carbon nanohorn /
- TiC /
- impedance matching /
- reflection loss /
- dielectric loss
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图 4 TiC/Fe@NCNHs 的电磁参数:(a)介电常数实部(ε'),(b)介电常数虚部(ε''),(c)介电常数正切(tanδε),(d)磁导率实部(μ'),(e)磁导率虚部(μ''),以及(f)磁导率正切(tanδμ)
Figure 4. Electromagnetic parameters of TiC/Fe@NCNHs: (a) real permittivity(ε'), (b) imaginary permittivity(ε''), (c) dielectric loss tangents(tanδε), (d) real permeability(μ'), (e) imaginary permeability(μ''), and (f) magnetic loss tangents(tanδμ).
图 7 (a1-a3)7wt%-TiC/9wt%-Fe @NCNHs 的 RL 值、三维 RL 和三维投影图(b1-b3)9wt%-TiC/7wt%-Fe @NCNHs 的 RL 值、三维 RL 和三维投影图(c1-c3)7wt%-TiC/9wt%-Fe @NCNHs 的 RL 值、三维 RL 和三维投影图
Figure 7. (a1-a3) The RL values, 3 D RL, and 3 D projection plots of 7wt%-TiC/9wt%-Fe @NCNHs (b1-b3) The RL values, 3 D RL, and 3 D projection plots of 9wt%-TiC/7wt%-Fe @NCNHs (c1-c3) The RL values, 3 D RL, and 3 D projection plots of 7wt%-TiC/9wt%-Fe @NCNHs
表 1 以往参考文献和本研究中不同Fe/C复合材料的电磁吸收特性
Table 1. EM absorption properties of different Fe/C composites in previous references and this work.
Material Thickness Effective absorption bandwidth Minimum reflection loss (Frequency) Refs Fe/C porous nanofibers 4.29 mm 1.7 GHz −56.6 dB (4.96 GHz) [11] Fe@C 3 mm 7.5 GHz −37.7 dB (13.4 GHz) [42] MCNTs@Fe/C 2.4 mm 2 GHz −44.26 dB (8.32 GHz) [43] leaf-like Fe/C 3.05 mm 6.0 GHz −59.7 dB (6 GHz) [44] Fe2C/Fe3O4/C 2.8 mm 3.8 GHz −60 dB (10.8 GHz) [45] ripple-like Fe/C 2.5 mm 6.3 GHz −22 dB (17.78 GHz) [46] Fe3O4@Fe@C 1.85 mm 5.36 GHz −59.1 dB (13.36 GHz) [47] Fe@NCNHs 1.6 mm 3.23 GHz −44.52 dB(10.86 GHz) [13] 7wt%-TiC/7wt%-Fe@NCNHs 3.6 mm 3.99 GHz −43.52 dB (7.03 GHz) Herein 9wt%-TiC/7wt%-Fe@NCNHs 2.2 mm 4.76 GHz −43.63 dB (11.37 GHz) Herein 7wt%-TiC/9wt%-Fe@NCNHs 1.4 mm 4.85 GHz −41.62 dB (17.66 GHz) Herein Note: MCNTs—Multiwalled carbon nanotubes. -
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