TiC/Fe@氮掺杂碳纳米角复合材料的电磁吸波性能

许莉; 朱启程; 张育斌; 南艳丽; 乔明涛

TiC/Fe@氮掺杂碳纳米角复合材料的电磁吸波性能

1.
西安建筑科技大学　材料科学与工程学院, 西安, 710072
2.
宁波财经学院 , 宁波, 315175

基金项目: 陕西省自然科学基金(2024JC-YBQN-0526)；浙江省自然科学基金(LQ21E010004)；宁波市科技计划项目(2021S022)

详细信息

通讯作者:
南艳丽，博士，副教授，硕士生导师，研究方向为新型碳材料　E-mail: nanyl@xauat.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB333
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- 文章访问数: 93
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-02-22
- 修回日期: 2024-03-19
- 录用日期: 2024-04-01
- 网络出版日期: 2024-05-18

Electromagnetic absorption properties of TiC/Fe@nitrogen-doped carbon nanohorn composites

1.
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710072, China
2.
Ningbo University of Finance and Economics, Ningbo, 315175, China

Funds: Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation (2024JC-YBQN-0526); Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation (LQ21E010004); Ningbo Municipal Science and Technology Programme Project (2021S022)

摘要

摘要: Fe/C复合材料因其优异的微波吸收性能而备受关注，但其阻抗匹配和匹配厚度有待进一步优化。本文通过高温等离子放电法在制备包覆Fe纳米颗粒的氮掺杂碳纳米角(Fe@NCNHs)的基础上引入了TiC，成功合成包覆TiC和Fe纳米颗粒的N掺杂碳纳米角(TiC/Fe@NCNHs)复合材料。这种复合材料具有良好的阻抗匹配，同时具备介电损耗、磁损耗、反射损耗等多种损耗机制，展现出良好的电磁波衰减性能。实验结果表明，当Fe和TiC纳米颗粒的负载量分别为9wt%和7wt%时，吸波性能最优。在频率为17.66 GHz处，其匹配厚度为1.4 mm，最小反射损耗达到−41.66 dB，有效吸收带宽为4.85 GHz(13.15-18 GHz)。本研究解决了Fe/C复合材料阻抗匹配差的问题，并且进一步优化了其电磁波衰减性能，获得了“薄、轻、宽、强”的TiC/Fe@NCNHs 吸波材料。
- 微波吸收 /
- 碳纳米角 /
- TiC /
- 阻抗匹配 /
- 反射损耗 /
- 介电损耗
Abstract: Fe/C composites have attracted much attention due to their excellent microwave absorption properties, but their impedance matching and matched thickness need to be further optimised. In this paper, TiC was introduced on the basis of the preparation of nitrogen-doped carbon nanohorns (Fe@NCNHs) encapsulating Fe nanoparticles by high-temperature plasma discharge method, and N-doped carbon nanohorns (TiC/Fe@NCNHs) composites encapsulating TiC and Fe nanoparticles were successfully synthesised. This composite material has good impedance matching and various loss mechanisms such as dielectric loss, magnetic loss, reflection loss, etc., and exhibits good electromagnetic wave attenuation performance. The experimental results show that the optimum wave-absorbing performance is achieved when the loadings of Fe and TiC nanoparticles are 9 wt% and 7 wt%, respectively. At a frequency of 17.66 GHz with a matched thickness of 1.4 mm, the minimum reflection loss reaches -41.66 dB and the effective absorption bandwidth is 4.85 GHz (13.15-18 GHz). In this study, the problem of poor impedance matching of Fe/C composites is solved, and the electromagnetic wave attenuation performance is further optimised, and the TiC/Fe@NCNHs wave-absorbing materials are obtained as "thin, light, wide and strong".
- microwave absorption /
- carbon nanohorn /
- TiC /
- impedance matching /
- reflection loss /
- dielectric loss

HTML全文

图 1 TiC/Fe@氮掺杂碳纳米角(TiC/Fe@NCNHs)复合材料的制备示意图

Figure 1. Schematic Illustration of the Fabrication of TiC/Fe@nitrogen-doped carbon nanohorn (TiC/Fe@NCNHs) composite

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图 2 (a) 9wt%-TiC/7wt%-Fe@NCNHs的TEM图像(插图a₁为 CNHs尖端的HRTEEM图像、插图a₂为电子衍射花样)(b-c)9wt%-TiC/7wt%-Fe@NCNHs的HRTEM图像

Figure 2. (a) TEM image of 9wt%-TiC/7wt%-Fe@NCNHs (a₁ inset of HRTEEM image of the tip of the CNHs, a₂ inset of theSAED pattern). (b-c) HRTEM images of 9wt%-TiC/7wt%-Fe@NCNHs

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图 3 (a) Fe/TiC@NCNHs的XRD图；(b) TiC/Fe@NCNHs的拉曼光谱；(c) 7wt%-TiC/7wt%-Fe@NCNHs的XPS光谱；(c₁-c₄)C、N、Ti 和 Fe 峰的高分辨率光谱

Figure 3. (a) XRD patterns of Fe/TiC@NCNHs. (b) Raman spectra of TiC/Fe@NCNHs. (c) Wide XPS spectra of 7wt%-TiC/7wt%-Fe@NCNHs. c₁-c₄) The high-resolution spectrum of C, N, Ti and Fe peaks

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图 4 TiC/Fe@NCNHs 的电磁参数：(a)介电常数实部(ε')，(b)介电常数虚部(ε'')，(c)介电常数正切(tanδ_ε)，(d)磁导率实部(μ')，(e)磁导率虚部(μ'')，以及(f)磁导率正切(tanδ_μ)

Figure 4. Electromagnetic parameters of TiC/Fe@NCNHs: (a) real permittivity(ε'), (b) imaginary permittivity(ε''), (c) dielectric loss tangents(tanδ_ε), (d) real permeability(μ'), (e) imaginary permeability(μ''), and (f) magnetic loss tangents(tanδ_μ).

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图 5 (a-c) 7wt%-TiC/7wt%-Fe、9wt%-TiC/7wt%-Fe、7wt%-TiC/9wt%-Fe@NCNHs 的Cole-Cole半圆

Figure 5. (a-c) Cole-Cole semicircles of 7wt%-TiC/7wt%-Fe, 9wt%-TiC/7wt%-Fe, 7wt%-TiC/9wt%-Fe@NCNHs

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图 6 7wt%-TiC/7wt%-Fe @NCNHs、9wt%-TiC/7wt%-Fe @NCNHs 和7wt%-TiC/9wt%-Fe @NCNHs的涡流损耗

Figure 6. Frequency dependences of C0 for 7wt%-TiC/7wt%-Fe @NCNHs, 9wt%-TiC/7wt%-Fe @NCNHs and 7wt%-TiC/9wt%-Fe@NCNHs

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图 7 (a₁-a₃)7wt%-TiC/9wt%-Fe @NCNHs 的 RL 值、三维 RL 和三维投影图(b₁-b₃)9wt%-TiC/7wt%-Fe @NCNHs 的 RL 值、三维 RL 和三维投影图(c₁-c₃)7wt%-TiC/9wt%-Fe @NCNHs 的 RL 值、三维 RL 和三维投影图

Figure 7. (a₁-a₃) The RL values, 3 D RL, and 3 D projection plots of 7wt%-TiC/9wt%-Fe @NCNHs (b₁-b₃) The RL values, 3 D RL, and 3 D projection plots of 9wt%-TiC/7wt%-Fe @NCNHs (c₁-c₃) The RL values, 3 D RL, and 3 D projection plots of 7wt%-TiC/9wt%-Fe @NCNHs

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图 8 7wt%-TiC/7wt%-Fe@NCNHs 、9wt%-TiC/7wt%-Fe@NCNHs 和 7wt%-TiC/9wt%-Fe@NCNHs 的衰减常数α

Figure 8. Attenuation constant α of 7wt%-TiC/7wt%-Fe@NCNHs, 9wt%-TiC/7wt%-Fe @NCNHs and 7wt%-TiC/9wt%-Fe @NCNHs

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图 9 (a-c) 7wt%-TiC/7wt%-Fe@ NCNHs、9wt%-TiC/7wt%-Fe@ NCNHs和7wt%-TiC/9wt%-Fe@ NCNHs的阻抗匹配 Z 曲线。

Figure 9. (a-c) Impedance matching Z curves of 7wt%-TiC/7wt%-Fe@ NCNHs, 9wt%-TiC/7wt%-Fe@ NCNHs and 7wt%-TiC/9wt%-Fe@NCNHs

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图 10 TiC/Fe@NCNHs可能的电磁波吸收机制示意图

Figure 10. Schematic illustration of the possible EMW absorption mechanism for the TiC/Fe@NCNHs

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表 1 以往参考文献和本研究中不同Fe/C复合材料的电磁吸收特性

Table 1. EM absorption properties of different Fe/C composites in previous references and this work.

Material	Thickness	Effective absorption bandwidth	Minimum reflection loss (Frequency)	Refs
Fe/C porous nanofibers	4.29 mm	1.7 GHz	−56.6 dB (4.96 GHz)	[11]
Fe@C	3 mm	7.5 GHz	−37.7 dB (13.4 GHz)	[42]
MCNTs@Fe/C	2.4 mm	2 GHz	−44.26 dB (8.32 GHz)	[43]
leaf-like Fe/C	3.05 mm	6.0 GHz	−59.7 dB (6 GHz)	[44]
Fe₂C/Fe₃O₄/C	2.8 mm	3.8 GHz	−60 dB (10.8 GHz)	[45]
ripple-like Fe/C	2.5 mm	6.3 GHz	−22 dB (17.78 GHz)	[46]
Fe₃O₄@Fe@C	1.85 mm	5.36 GHz	−59.1 dB (13.36 GHz)	[47]
Fe@NCNHs	1.6 mm	3.23 GHz	−44.52 dB(10.86 GHz)	[13]
7wt%-TiC/7wt%-Fe@NCNHs	3.6 mm	3.99 GHz	−43.52 dB (7.03 GHz)	Herein
9wt%-TiC/7wt%-Fe@NCNHs	2.2 mm	4.76 GHz	−43.63 dB (11.37 GHz)	Herein
7wt%-TiC/9wt%-Fe@NCNHs	1.4 mm	4.85 GHz	−41.62 dB (17.66 GHz)	Herein
Note: MCNTs—Multiwalled carbon nanotubes.

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