Bio-based conductive hydrogels and their application to flexible electronic devices
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摘要: 生物基导电水凝胶是将生物质材料和导电介质引入水凝胶中制备而成的导电材料，因其具有良好的生物相容性和亲肤性等优势，被广泛应用在柔性电子器件领域。本综述按照生物基体类别，分别介绍蛋白质基、多糖基、核酸基三类常见的生物基导电水凝胶，分析了不同生物基材料的导电机制以及各自特有的功能，并介绍了生物基导电水凝胶在柔性传感器、柔性电化学储能器件、摩擦纳米发电机、仿生柔性电子设备等柔性电子器件中的应用，最后对生物基导电水凝胶的发展趋势进行了总结与展望。Abstract: Bio-based conductive hydrogel is a conductive material prepared by introducing biomass material and conductive medium into hydrogel, which is widely used in the field of flexible electronic devices due to its advantages such as good biocompatibility and skin friendliness. This review introduces three common types of bio-based conductive hydrogels, namely, protein-based, polysaccharide-based, and nucleic acid-based, according to the categories of bio-matrix, analyzes the conductive mechanisms of different bio-based materials and their respective unique functions, and introduces the applications of bio-based conductive hydrogels in flexible electronic devices, such as flexible sensors, flexible electrochemical energy storage devices, friction nano-generators, and biomimetic flexible electronic devices, etc., and finally provides a comprehensive overview of the development trend of bio-based conductive hydrogels. Finally, the development trend of bio-based conductive hydrogels is summarised and outlooked.
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图 2 (a) GMOHx有机水凝胶的制备示意图[29]；(b)复合生物基凝胶聚合物电解质(c-GPE)骨架材料的制备过程示意图[31]；(c) LMO 阴极抑制锂枝晶的机制示意图[31]
Figure 2. (a) Schematic illustration of the preparation of GMOHx organohydrogels[29]; (b) A schematic diagram for the fabrication process of skeleton materials of composite biobased gel polymer electrolyte(c-GPE)[31]; (c) Schematics showing the mechanism for the Li dendrites suppressing [31]
图 3 (a) SPGL 复合水凝胶制备过程示意图[35]；(b) PBH 中三种成分的分子结构[37]；(c) 抗膨胀水凝胶快速凝胶化及其 UCST 行为示意图[39]；(d) 水凝胶形成示意图[40]
Figure 3. (a) Schematic illustration of the preparation process of SPGL composite hydrogel[35]; (b) Molecular structures of three components in the PBH[37];(c) Schematic illustration of the rapid gelation of the anti-swelling hydrogel and its UCST behavior[39]; (d) schematic illustration for the formation of hydrogels[40]
图 6 (a) SA-PAM-Fe水凝胶的结构图[71]；(b)温度传感器在火灾下的实时响应曲线[71]；(c) PVA-Gelatin-Fe3+水凝胶交联机制图[72]；(d)湿度传感器在40%–70%湿度下的循环响应[72]
Figure 6. (a) Structural diagram of SA-PAM-Fe hydrogel[71]; (b) Real-time response curve of temperature sensor under fire[71]; (c) Diagram of cross-linking mechanism of PVA-Gelatin-Fe3+ hydrogel[72]; and (d) Cyclic response of humidity sensor at 40%-70% humidity[72]
图 7 (a)PAM-HPC水凝胶的制备工艺；(b)基于PAM-HPC水凝胶电解质的超级电容器组件的示意图；(c)PAM-HPC-0.4水凝胶电解质基柔性超级电容器在200 mV/s的不同折叠角下的CV曲线和在200 mV/s下不同压力的CV曲线[76]
Figure 7. (a) Preparation process of PAM-HPC hydrogel; (b) Schematic diagram of supercapacitor assembly based on PAM-HPC hydrogel electrolyte; (c) CV curves of PAM-HPC-0.4 hydrogel electrolyte-based flexible supercapacitor at different folding angles at 200 mV/s and CV curves at different pressures at 200 mV/s[76]
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