Low-velocity impact of functional gradient honeycomb sandwich plate with CFRP face sheets
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摘要:
为了提高蜂窝夹层板的抗低速冲击性能，使能量吸收过程以一种和缓的形式进行，创新型蜂窝结构作为一种高效的能量吸收装置成为工程师们关注的热点领域。功能梯度多孔材料与传统多孔材料相比对冲击波有更好地衰减作用，在不改变质量的前提下能够更好地发挥多孔材料的吸能特性。所以本文通过改变壁厚，在传统蜂窝结构中引入密度梯度，通过有限元分析的方法，在不同冲击能量下，对比研究了不同梯度系数形式的夹层板的吸能特性。结果表明，在20J,50J和100J的冲击能量下，随着冲击能量的增加，具有吸能优越性的芯层从梯度系数α>1逐渐向梯度系数α<1转变，且在这三种冲击能量下，具有吸能优势的芯层梯度形式别为α>1，α>1和α<1，同等质量下的功能梯度夹层板比传统夹层板吸能分别提升7.54%，5.33%和8.65%。 梯度芯层夹层板几何模型 抗冲击性能综合对比 Impact energy /J α Peak contact force /N Total energy /J Core energy /J Total energy percentage increase (%) 20 0.7 3033.87 15.77 9.74 -6.14 1 3670.45 16.85 11.76 —— 1.4 4265.74 18.12 13.52 7.54 50 0.7 4420.25 40.63 30.11 -4.22 1 4496.30 42.42 32.66 —— 1.4 4781.43 44.68 36.03 5.33 100 0.7 4100.79 91.58 61.76 8.65 1 4700.03 84.29 53.88 —— 1.4 4570.88 88.63 58.78 5.15 Abstract: The impact process and resistance capability of honeycomb plate with CFRP face sheets were studied by using finite element method (FEM), and the FEM model was verified by comparing with impact experiment. The density gradient was introduced into the traditional honeycomb structure by changing the wall thickness and the protection characteristics of functional gradient (FG) honeycomb sandwich plate under low-velocity impact (LVI) were simulated under different impact energies and gradient coefficients. The energy absorption characteristics of the FG and the traditional sandwich plate were compared through FEM. The results show that, under low impact energy, the honeycomb sandwich plate with a gradient coefficient greater than 1 has better energy absorption energy absorption. With the increase of impact energy, the core with absorbing energy advantages changes gradually from gradient coefficient greater than 1 to less than 1, when the whole sandwich plate is penetrated, the sandwich plate with a gradient coefficient less than 1 has better energy absorption characteristics. Under the impact energy of 20 J, 50 J and 100 J, the energy absorptions of functional gradient sandwich plates are 7.54%, 5.33% and 8.65% higher than that of traditional sandwich plates with the same mass.-
Key words:
- functional gradient /
- low-velocity impact /
- energy absorption /
- sandwich plate /
- FEM
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图 1 梯度夹层板几何模型
Figure 1. Geometric model of functional gradient honeycomb sandwich plate
图 2 CFRP面板-ASB蜂窝夹层板冲击有限元模型
Figure 2. FEM model of sandwich plate with ABS core and CFRP facesheets under impact
图 4 不同冲击能量Ek下CFRP面板-ABS蜂窝夹层板的接触力与吸能
Figure 4. History curves of contact force and energy of sandwich plate with ABS core and CFRP facesheets under different impact energies Ek
图 5 不同冲击能量Ek下CFRP面板-ABS蜂窝夹层板的试验与仿真损伤对比图
Figure 5. Comparison diagram of experimental and simulation damage of sandwich plate with ABS core and CFRP facesheets under different impact energies Ek
图 6 不同冲击能量Ek下CFRP面板-功能梯度蜂窝夹层板芯层变形及应变图
Figure 6. Deformation and strain diagram of cores of functional gradient honeycomb sandwich plate with CFRP face sheets under different impact energies Ek
图 7 不同冲击能量Ek下CFRP面板-功能梯度蜂窝夹层板的接触力历程
Figure 7. Contact force history curves of functional gradient honeycomb sandwich plate with CFRP face sheets under different impact energies Ek
α—Gradient coefficient which defined as the ratio of the volume fraction of two adjacent layers of honeycomb
图 8 不同冲击能量Ek下CFRP面板-功能梯度蜂窝夹层板的吸能历程
Figure 8. Energy absorption history curves of functional gradient honeycomb sandwich plate with CFRP face sheets under different impact energies Ek
图 9 不同冲击能量Ek下CFRP面板-功能梯度蜂窝夹层板 的中节点位移历程
Figure 9. Displacement history of intermediate point in functional gradient honeycomb sandwich plate with CFRP face sheets under different impact energies Ek
图 10 不同密度梯度CFRP面板-功能梯度蜂窝夹层板的能量吸收特性
Figure 10. Energy absorption characteristics of functional gradient honeycomb sandwich plate with CFRP face sheets with different density gradients
图 11 不同梯度形式下CFRP面板-功能梯度蜂窝夹层板吸能分布对比
Figure 11. Comparison of energy absorption distribution of functional gradient honeycomb sandwich plate with CFRP face sheets under different gradient forms
图 12 不同梯度数值下CFRP面板-功能梯度蜂窝夹层板吸能分布对比
Figure 12. Comparison of energy absorption distribution of functional gradient honeycomb sandwich plate with CFRP face sheets under different gradient values
5 抗冲击性能综合对比
Impact energy /J α Peak contact force /N Total energy /J Core energy /J Total energy percentage increase (%) 20 0.7 3033.87 15.77 9.74 -6.14 1 3670.45 16.85 11.76 —— 1.4 4265.74 18.12 13.52 7.54 50 0.7 4420.25 40.63 30.11 -4.22 1 4496.30 42.42 32.66 —— 1.4 4781.43 44.68 36.03 5.33 100 0.7 4100.79 91.58 61.76 8.65 1 4700.03 84.29 53.88 —— 1.4 4570.88 88.63 58.78 5.15 
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表 1 CFRP材料参数
Table 1. Material properties of CFRP
Property Value Longitudinal stiffness E1 /GPa 55.92 Transverse stiffness E2 /GPa 54.40 Shear modulus G12 /GPa 4.199 Poisson’s ratio v21 0.043 Longitudinal tensile strength Xt /MPa 910.1 Longitudinal compressive strength Xc/MPa 710.2 Transverse tensile strength Yt/MPa 772.2 Transverse compressive strength Yc/MPa 703.2 Shear strength Sc/MPa 131.0
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表 2 ABS材料参数
Table 2. Material properties of ABS
Density/
(kg/m3)Young’s modulus/
MPaPoisson’s ratio Yield
Strength/MPaEffective failure
strain1100 1741 0.35 39 0.015
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表 3 网格收敛性分析
Table 3. Analysis of mesh convergence
Mesh size/mm Peak force Experimental difference/% FEM relative difference% 1 5374.09 36.45 - 0.8 4489.10 13.98 16.48 0.5 4103.61 4.19% 8.59
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表 4 不同冲击能量Ek下CFRP面板-ABS蜂窝夹层板的接触力峰值和吸能及其相对误差
Table 4. Contact force peak and energy absorption and their relative errors of sandwich plate with ABS core and CFRP facesheets under different impact energies Ek
Impact energy/J Contact force/N Energy/J Cf-Experiment[19]/N Cf-Simulation/N Error/% En-Experiment[19]/J En-Simulation/J Relative error/% 20 3938.59 4103.61 4.19 17.15 16.54 −3.56 40 4346.52 4641.75 6.79 38.33 36.46 −4.88 70 3745.37 4014.12 7.18 68.27 65.51 −4.04 Notes：Cf-Experiment—Contact force of experiment；Cf-Simulation—Contact force of simulation；En-Experiment—Energy of experiment；En-Simulation—Energy of simulation.
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表 5 CFRP面板-功能梯度蜂窝夹层板壁厚与梯度值
Table 5. Wall thickness and gradient values of functional gradient honeycomb sandwich plate with CFRP face sheets
Gradient coefficient α Wall thickness/mm Layer1 Layer2 Layer3 1 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.2 1.94 1.62 1.35 1.3 2.13 1.64 1.26 1.4 2.29 1.64 1.17 1.5 2.43 1.62 1.08 1.6 2.56 1.60 1.00 0.7 1.17 1.64 2.29
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表 6 CFRP面板-功能梯度蜂窝夹层板抗冲击性能综合对比
Table 6. Comprehensive comparison of impact resistance of functional gradient honeycomb sandwich plate with CFRP face sheets
Impact
energy/
Jα Peak contact
force/
NTotal
energy/
JCore
energy/
JTotal energy
percentage
increase /%20 0.7 3033.87 15.77 9.74 −6.14 1 3670.45 16.85 11.76 − 1.4 4265.74 18.12 13.52 7.54 50 0.7 4420.25 40.63 30.11 −4.22 1 4496.30 42.42 32.66 − 1.4 4781.43 44.68 36.03 5.33 100 0.7 4100.79 91.58 61.76 8.65 1 4700.03 84.29 53.88 − 1.4 4570.88 88.63 58.78 5.15
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表 7 不同冲击能量下CFRP面板-功能梯度蜂窝夹层板吸能特性对比
Table 7. Comparison of energy absorption characteristics of functional gradient honeycomb sandwich plate with CFRP face sheets under different impact energies Ek
Impact energy /J Optimal α Total energy/J Total energy percentage increase /% 20 1.6 18.56 10.15 50 1.6 45.19 6.53 100 0.7 92.61 9.87
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