CB-CIP@SiO<sub>2</sub>-GF/PA6复合材料的制备及其宽带微波吸收和力学性能

胡婉欣; 尹洪峰; 任小虎; 汤云; 魏英; 袁蝴蝶

CB-CIP@SiO₂-GF/PA6复合材料的制备及其宽带微波吸收和力学性能

西安建筑科技大学　材料科学与工程学院, 西安 710055

详细信息

通讯作者:
尹洪峰，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为结构功能一体化复合材料　E-mail: yinhongfeng@xauat.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB333
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-07-03
- 修回日期: 2024-07-26
- 录用日期: 2024-08-03
- 网络出版日期: 2024-08-27

Broadband microwave absorption and mechanical properties of CB-CIP@SiO₂-GF/PA6 composites

College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China

摘要

摘要: 本工作以拓宽结构型吸波复合材料的吸收频带为目的，在玻璃纤维增强尼龙复合材料中同时引入磁损耗型吸波剂羰基铁粉(carbonyl iron powder, CIP)和电阻损耗型吸波剂炭黑(Carbon black, CB)，采用热压成型工艺制备了CB-CIP@SiO₂/玻璃纤维/尼龙6(CB-CIP@SiO₂-GF/PA6)吸波复合材料。重点研究了CIP表面包覆SiO₂薄膜及其加入量对复合材料微波吸收和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：SiO₂薄膜包覆不仅解决了CIP氧化问题，同时改善了复合材料的阻抗匹配特性，使得CIP与CB协同提升了复合材料的吸波性能。在保障复合材料具有良好吸波性能前提下，CIP的负载量从70 wt.%降低至30 wt.%左右，大大减轻了复合材料的质量。其中，掺量为1 wt.%CB和30 wt.%CIP@SiO₂的吸波复合材料的有效吸收带宽在材料厚度为1.91-1.95 mm时超过了5.6 GHz，且覆盖了整个Ku波段。这种方法一方面拓宽了吸波复合材料的有效吸收带宽，实现了宽带吸波。另一方面，CIP@SiO₂颗粒与GF的纤维实现共同增强，提升了复合材料的整体力学性能。当CIP@SiO₂的含量为40 wt.%时，复合材料的力学性能最佳，弯曲强度为212.8±9.8 MPa，剪切强度为21.0±1.4 MPa，摆锤冲击强度为64.4±6.2 kJ/m²。
- 吸波材料 /
- 玻璃纤维 /
- 炭黑 /
- 羰基铁粉 /
- 力学性能
Abstract: With the aim of broadening the absorption band of structural microwave absorbing composites, a magnetic loss absorber carbonyl iron powder (CIP) and the resistive loss absorber carbon black (CB) were simultaneously introduced into glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6 composites, and CB-CIP@SiO₂-GF/PA6 composites were prepared by the hot press molding process. Focusing on the effect of CIP surface coated SiO₂ film and its incorporation on the microwave absorption and mechanical properties of composites. The results show that SiO₂ coating not only prevents the oxidation of CIP, but also improves the impedance matching of the composites, so that CIP and CB synergistically enhance the microwave absorbing properties of the composites. Under the premise of guaranteeing good microwave absorbing properties, the loading of CIP is reduced from 70 wt.% to about 30 wt.%, which greatly lightens the mass of the composites. The effective absorption bandwidth of the composites with 1 wt.% CB and 30 wt.% CIP@SiO₂ exceeds 5.6 GHz at a thickness of 1.91-1.95 mm and covers the entire Ku-band. On the one hand, this method broadens the effective absorption bandwidth of the composites and realizes broadband absorption. On the other hand, the particle reinforcement of CIP@SiO₂ has a co-enhancing effect with GF. When the content of CIP@SiO₂ was 40 wt.%, the mechanical properties of the composites were optimal, with a flexural strength of 212.8±9.8 MPa, a shearing strength of 21.0±1.4 MPa, and a pendulum impact strength of 64.4±6.2 kJ/m².
- Microwave absorbing material /
- glass fiber /
- carbon black /
- carbonyl iron powder /
- mechanical properties

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图 1 羰基铁粉(CIP)和CIP@SiO₂热处理前后的XRD图谱。

Figure 1. XRD patterns of carbonyl iron powder (CIP) and CIP@SiO₂ before and after heat treatment.

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图 2 SiO₂包覆CIP前后的SEM图像：(a)包覆前;(b)包覆后。EDS点扫描谱图：(c)点1;(d)点2。面扫描元素分布图像：(e) CIP@SiO₂电子图像；(f) Fe元素分布图像；(g) O元素分布图像；(h) Si元素分布图像。

Figure 2. SEM images before and after SiO₂ coated CIP: (a) before coating; (b) after coating. EDS spectrum: (c) point 1; (d) point 2. Element distribution maps: (e) CIP@SiO₂ image; (f) Fe distribution map; (g) O distribution map; (h) Si distribution map.

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图 3 复合材料的电磁参数：(a)介电常数的实部ε'；(b)介电常数的虚部ε''；(c)磁导率的实部μ'；(d)磁导率的虚部μ''。

Figure 3. Electromagnetic parameters of composites: (a) the real part ε' of dielectric constant; (b) the imaginary part ε'' of dielectric constant; (c) the real part μ' of magnetic permeability; (d) the imaginary part μ'' of magnetic permeability.

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图 4 吸波复合材料的RL三维图：(a) 30 wt.%CIP@SiO₂的CIP@SiO₂-GF/PA6；(b) 40 wt.%CIP@SiO₂的CIP@SiO₂-GF/PA6；(c) 50 wt.%CIP@SiO₂的CIP@SiO₂-GF/PA6；(d) 60 wt.%CIP@SiO₂的CIP@SiO₂-GF/PA6；(e) 70 wt.%CIP@SiO₂的CIP@SiO₂-GF/PA6；(f)70 wt.%CIP的CIP-GF/PA6。

Figure 4. RL 3 D plots of composites: (a) 30 wt.% CIP@SiO₂ of CIP@SiO₂-GF/PA6; (b) 40 wt.% CIP@SiO₂ of CIP@SiO₂-GF/PA6; (c) 50 wt.% CIP@SiO₂ of CIP@SiO₂-GF/PA6; (d) 60 wt.% CIP@SiO₂ of CIP@SiO₂-GF/PA6; (e) 70 wt.% CIP@SiO₂ of CIP@SiO₂-GF/PA6; (f) 70 wt.%CIP of CIP-GF/PA6.

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图 5 (a) CIP@SiO₂的微波损耗示意图。复合材料的Z_in/Z₀值：(b) 70 wt.% CIP的CIP-GF/PA6；(c) 70 wt.% CIP@SiO₂的CIP@SiO₂-GF/PA6。

Figure 5. (a) Schematic diagram of microwave loss for CIP@SiO₂. Z_in/Z₀ of composites: (b) 70 wt.% CIP of CIP-GF/PA6; (c) 70 wt.% CIP@SiO₂ of CIP@SiO₂-GF/PA6.

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图 6 1 wt.%CB的CB-GF/PA6复合材料的RL三维图。

Figure 6. RL 3D plots of CB-GF/PA6 composite with 1 wt.%CB.

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图 7 不同CIP@SiO₂含量的CB-CIP@SiO₂-GF/PA6吸波复合材料的电磁参数：(a)介电常数的实部ε'；(b)介电常数的虚部ε''；(c)磁导率的实部μ'；(d)磁导率的虚部μ''；(e)介电损耗角正切tanδε；(f)磁损耗角正切tanδμ。

Figure 7. Electromagnetic parameters of different contents of CIP@SiO₂ of CB-CIP@SiO₂-GF/PA6 composites: (a) real part ε' of dielectric constant; (b) imaginary part ε'' of dielectric constant; (c) real part μ' of magnetic permeability; (d) imaginary part μ'' of magnetic permeability; (e) dielectric loss angle tangent tanδ_ε; (f) magnetic loss angle tangent tanδ_μ.

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图 8 CB-CIP@SiO₂-GF/PA6吸波复合材料的Z_in/Z₀：(a) 20 wt.% CIP@SiO₂；(b) 30 wt.% CIP@SiO₂；(c) 35 wt.% CIP@SiO₂；(d) 40 wt.% CIP@SiO₂；(e) 50 wt.% CIP@SiO₂；(f)不同含量的CB-CIP@SiO₂-GF/PA6吸波复合材料的衰减常数ɑ。

Figure 8. Z_in/Z₀ of CB-CIP@SiO₂-GF/PA6 composite: (a) 20 wt.% CIP@SiO₂; (b) 30 wt.% CIP@SiO₂; (c) 35 wt.% CIP@SiO₂; (e) 40 wt.% CIP@SiO₂; (e) 50 wt.% CIP@SiO₂; (f) Attenuation constant ɑ of CB-CIP@SiO₂-GF/PA6 composite with different content.

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图 9 CB-CIP@SiO₂-GF/PA6吸波复合材料的RL三维图：(a, b)20 wt.% CIP@SiO₂；(c, d)30 wt.% CIP@SiO₂；(e, f)35 wt.% CIP@SiO₂；(g, h)40 wt.% CIP@SiO₂；(i, j)50 wt.% CIP@SiO₂。

Figure 9. RL of CB-CIP@SiO₂-GF/PA6 composite: (a, b) 20 wt.% CIP@SiO₂; (c, d) 30 wt.% CIP@SiO₂; (e, f) 35 wt.% CIP@SiO₂; (g, h) 40 wt.% CIP@SiO₂; (i, j) 50 wt.% CIP@SiO₂.

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图 10 CB-CIP@SiO₂-GF/PA6复合材料C₀随频率的变化曲线。

Figure 10. C₀ versus frequency for CB-CIP@SiO₂-GF/PA6 composites with different contents of CIP@SiO₂.

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图 11 (a，b)CB-CIP@SiO₂-GF/PA6吸波复合材料断口的微观形貌。CB-CIP@SiO₂-GF/PA6吸波复合材料的力学性能：(c)弯曲强度；(d)剪切强度；(e)冲击强度。

Figure 11. (a, b) SEM images of CB-CIP@SiO₂-GF/PA6 composite fracture. Mechanical strength of CB-CIP@SiO₂-GF/PA6 composites: (c) flexural strength; (d) shearing strength; (e) impact strength.

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