Hybrid adhesive-woven lap mode and mechanical properties of steel-CFRP joints
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摘要: CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer, CFRP)以其轻质高强的特性在航天、汽车、土木和石油等领域广泛应用，但其与钢材的连接强度成为当前研究的重要问题。本文进行了五种试验，每种试验设有三个平行试件，总计15组试验，研究了单层钢-CFRP胶-编混合搭接接头在不同孔距和孔形组合下的最优设计。基于单层试验结果，进一步开展了六种试验，每种试验设有三个平行试样，总计18组试验，探讨了三种不同搭接形式和四种不同搭接长度对多层钢-CFRP胶-编混合搭接接头力学性能的影响。实验分析了不同搭接形式和长度下的接头荷载-位移曲线、失效模式、单位厚度峰值强度和极限承载力。同时，结合数字图像相关方法详细分析了接头的应变分布和演化过程。研究结果显示，相较于椭圆形开孔，单层矩形开孔接头的强度提高了23.51%，并且在孔距为20 mm时达到了最高强度。在多层搭接接头中，双层碳纤维布和双层钢带搭接形式显著提高了接头的强度，分别比前两种形式提升了160.33%和119.26%。进一步分析表明，增加搭接长度有效提升了接头的承载能力，但随着搭接长度进一步增加，接头强度逐渐趋于稳定甚至略有下降；当搭接长度增至60 mm时，接头强度达到最高点，比40 mm长度的接头提升了20.94%。Abstract: CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer) is widely used in aerospace, automotive, civil engineering and petroleum industries due to its lightweight and high-strength characteristics. However, the strength of connections between steel and CFRP remained a significant challenge in current research. This paper investigated the optimal design of single-layer steel-CFRP hybrid adhesive-woven lap joints under different hole spacing and hole shapes through five types of experiments, each with 3 parallel tests, totaling 15 specimens. Based on the results from single-layer experiments, six types of experiments were further conducted, each with 3 parallel tests, totaling 18 specimens, the mechanical performance of multi-layer steel-CFRP hybrid adhesive-woven lap joints under the influence of three different joint overlap configurations and four different overlap lengths were examined. The load-displacement curves, failure modes, peak unit thickness strengths, and ultimate load under different configurations and lengths were analyzed. Concurrently, detailed strain distribution and evolution processes of joints were analyzed using digital image correlation (DIC) methods. The results indicate that compared to elliptical holes, rectangular hole joints exhibit 11.99% increase in mechanical strength, and the mechanical strength reaches its maximum at a 20 mm hole spacing. In multi-layer joints, double-layer carbon fiber cloths and double-layer steel configurations significantly enhance the strength of joints compared to the other two configurations, improved by 160.33% and 119.26% respectively. It’s found that increasing overlap length also effectively enhances joints’ ultimate load. However, when the overlap length exceeds a certain value, the mechanical strength of joints gradually stabilizes and slightly decreases. At the overlap length of 60 mm, the joint mechanical strength reaches its peak and is improved by 20.94% compared to the overlap length of 40 mm.
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图 1 钢-CFRP 钻杆应用场景示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the application scenarios of steel-CFRP drill pipes
图 2 碳纤维布、UHU300胶黏剂及304超薄不锈钢带实物图(单位：mm)
Figure 2. Physical display of carbon fiber fabric, UHU300 adhesive and 304 ultra-thin stainless steel strip (Unit: mm)
图 4 钢-CFRP胶-编混合搭接接头试件制备流程图
Figure 4. Preparation process diagram of steel-CFRP hybrid adhesive-woven lap joints specimens
图 5 钢-CFRP胶-编混合搭接接头散斑处理试件图
Figure 5. Speckle treatment specimen diagram of steel-CFRP hybrid adhesive-woven lap joints
图 6 钢-CFRP胶-编混合搭接接头拉伸试验及应变采集设备
Figure 6. Tensile test and strain collection equipment of steel-CFRP hybrid adhesive-woven lap joints
图 7 单层钢-CFRP胶-编混合搭接接头的拉伸过程
Figure 7. Process of tensile failure of single-layer steel-CFRP hybrid adhesive-woven lap joints
图 8 不同孔距单层钢-CFRP胶-编混合搭接接头荷载-位移曲线
Figure 8. Load-displacement curve of single-layer steel-CFRP hybrid adhesive-woven lap joints with different hole spacing
图 9 不同孔形单层钢-CFRP胶-编混合搭接接头荷载-位移曲线
Figure 9. Load-displacement curve of single-layer steel-CFRP hybrid adhesive-woven lap joints with different hole shape
(The second number in specimen number is the parallel specimen serial number)
图 10 单层钢-CFRP胶-编混合搭接接头典型失效模式ssss
Figure 10. Typical failure modes of single-layer steel-CFRP hybrid adhesive-woven lap joint
图 11 不同开孔间距单层钢-CFRP胶-编混合搭接接头应变分布
Figure 11. Strain distribution of single-layer steel-CFRP hybrid adhesive-woven lap joints with different hole spacing
图 12 多层钢-CFRP胶-编混合搭接接头的拉伸过程
Figure 12. Process of tensile failure of multi-layer steel-CFRP hybrid adhesive-woven lap joints
图 13 不同搭接长度多层钢-CFRP胶-编混合搭接接头荷载-位移曲线
Figure 13. Load-displacement curves of multi-layer steel-CFRP hybrid adhesive-woven lap joints with different lap lengths
图 14 不同搭接形式多层钢-CFRP胶-编混合搭接接头荷载-位移曲线
Figure 14. Load-displacement curves of multi-layer steel-CFRP hybrid adhesive-woven lap joints with different overlapping
图 15 多层钢-CFRP胶-编混合搭接接头破坏模式
Figure 15. Failure modes of multi-layer steel-CFRP hybrid adhesive-woven lap joints
图 16 不同搭接长度多层钢-CFRP胶-编混合搭接接头应变分布
Figure 16. Strain distribution of multi-layer steel-CFRP hybrid adhesive-woven lap joints with different lap lengths
图 17 不同搭接形式多层钢-CFRP胶-编混合搭接接头应变分布
Figure 17. Strain distribution of multi-layer steel-CFRP hybrid adhesive-woven lap joints with different lap forms
图 18 不同搭接形式多层钢-CFRP胶-编混合搭接接头强度和极限承载力
Figure 18. Strength and ultimate load-bearing capacity of multi-layer steel-CFRP hybrid adhesive-woven lap joints with different lap configurations
图 19 不同搭接长度多层钢-CFRP胶-编混合搭接接头强度和极限承载力
Figure 19. Strength and ultimate load of multi-layer steel-CFRP hybrid adhesive-woven joints with different lap lengths
表 1 碳纤维布、304超薄不锈钢带及UHU300胶黏剂材料参数
Table 1. Material parameters of carbon fiber cloth, 304 ultra-thin stainless steel strip, and UHU300 adhesive
Material name Tensile strength/MPa Tensile Young's modulus/GPa Thickness/mm 1 K double-sided plain weave CFRP 3800 230 0.15 304 ultra-thin stainless steel strip 510 190 0.15 UHU300 epoxy adhesive 12 2 — 
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表 2 钢-CFRP胶-编混合搭接接头试验方案
Table 2. Test plan for steel-CFRP hybrid adhesive-woven lap joints
Serial number Specimen number Perforation spacing/mm Perforation shape Overlap length (L)/mm Overlap forms 1 SHJ-R-5 5 Rectangular 40 Single-layer Overlap: A single layer of carbon fiber fabric is overlapped with a single layer of ultra-thin stainless steel strip. 2 SHJ-R-10 10 3 SHJ-R-15 15 4 SHJ-R-20 20 5 SHJ-E-15 15 Elliptical 6 MHJ1-40 20 Rectangular 40 Overlap forms 1: Two layers of carbon fiber fabric are bonded with adhesive and then combined with a single layer of steel to form a hybrid adhesive-woven lap joint 7 MHJ1-50 50 8 MHJ1-60 60 9 MHJ1-70 70 10 MHJ2-40 40 Overlap forms 2: One layer of carbon fiber fabric and two layers of steel bonded with adhesive to form a hybrid adhesive-woven lap joint 11 MHJ3-40 40 Overlap forms 3: Two layers of carbon fiber fabric and two layers of steel, each bonded with adhesive, are combined to form a hybrid adhesive-woven lap joint Notes: The SHJ represents the single-layer hybrid adhesive-woven lap joint, The MHJ represents the multi-layer hybrid adhesive-woven lap joint; R represents the rectangular opening, E represents the elliptical opening; the number represent the lap length for SHJ, the first number represents the lap forms, the second number represents the lap length for MHJ.
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表 3 不同搭接形式和搭接长度多层钢-CFRP胶-编混合搭接接头试件参数
Table 3. Specimen parameters of multi-layer steel-CFRP hybrid adhesive-woven lap joints with different lap configurations and lap lengths
Overlap forms Overlap lenth/mm Serial number Ultimate load/N Effective joint area/mm2 Unit thickness peak strength/(MPa/mm) Failure modes Single-layer Overlap: A single layer of carbon fiber fabric is overlapped with a single layer of ultra-thin stainless steel strip 40 SHJ-R-5 945.33 950 6.63 Steel-adhesive interface failure; Cohesion failure; CFRP (damage) breaks; CFRP slippage SHJ-R-10 1034.17 7.26 SHJ-R-15 1183.00 8.30 SHJ-R-20 1268.83 8.90 SHJ-E-15 958.17 6.72 Overlap forms 1 70 MHJ1-70 2015.33 1700 3.95 Cohesion failure; Steel-adhesive interface failure; CFRP slippage; Steel warping 60 MHJ1-60 1903.17 1450 4.38 Cohesion failure; Steel-adhesive interface failure; CFRP slippage 50 MHJ1-50 1557.67 1200 4.33 Steel-adhesive interface failure; CFRP slippage; The steel breaks 40 MHJ1-40 1034.17 950 3.63 Steel-adhesive interface failure; CFRP slippage Overlap forms 2 40 MHJ2-40 1228.67 950 4.31 Steel-adhesive interface failure; CFRP (damage) breaks; CFRP slippage Overlap forms 3 40 MHJ3-40 2694.33 950 9.45 Steel-adhesive interface failure; CFRP slippage; Delamination failure Notes: Overlap forms 1:Two layers of carbon fiber fabric are bonded with adhesive and then combined with a single layer of steel to form a hybrid adhesive-woven lap joint; Overlap forms 2: One layer of carbon fiber fabric and two layers of steel bonded with 40 adhesive to form a hybrid adhesive-woven lap joint; Overlap forms 3: Two layers of carbon fiber fabric and two layers of steel, each bonded with adhesive, are combined to form a hybrid adhesive-woven lap joint.
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