聚芳醚酮树脂基体特性对复合材料界面性能和层间性能的影响

顾洋洋; 姚佳楠; 王力风; 刘刚; 陈春海; 杨曙光

聚芳醚酮树脂基体特性对复合材料界面性能和层间性能的影响

东华大学　材料科学与工程学院纤维材料改性国家重点实验室, 上海 201620

基金项目: 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2232022 A-12)

详细信息

通讯作者:
刘刚，博士，研究员，博士生导师，研究方向为纤维增强树脂基复合材料　E-mail: liugang@dhu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB332
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-09-01
- 修回日期: 2022-10-22
- 录用日期: 2022-11-04
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-19
- 刊出日期: 2023-08-15

Influence of poly aryl ether ketone resin matrix properties on interfacial properties and interlayer properties of composites

State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China

Funds: Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No. 2232022 A-12)

摘要

摘要: 碳纤维增强聚芳醚酮(CF/PAEK)高性能热塑性复合材料，因其优异的韧性、耐老化性能及耐疲劳性能，使CF/PAEK热塑性复合材料得以替代部分传统热固性复合材料，在航空、航天等领域取得成功应用。相比于国外的成熟应用，受限于国内连续碳纤维增强PAEK热塑性复合材料预浸料的生产技术水平，针对CF/PAEK热塑性复合材料研究和应用依然较少，多数研究集中于采用纳米粒子填充、纤维表面修饰、上浆剂改性等手段优化复合材料的界面性能，采用优化成型工艺条件、树脂基体改性等手段优化复合材料的层间性能，而针对树脂基体特性对复合材料界面性能和层间性能的影响研究较少。本文采用了两种不同特性的国产高性能聚芳醚酮树脂(PAEK-L、PAEK-H)及国产T300级碳纤维(SCF35)，制备了碳纤维增强聚芳醚酮(SCF35/PAEK)热塑性复合材料，研究了树脂基体对复合材料的界面剪切性能、90°拉伸性能、短梁剪切性能、Ⅰ型断裂韧性、Ⅱ型断裂韧性的影响。结果显示SCF35/PAEK复合材料的界面性能受到树脂基体流动性的影响，流动性较高的PAEK-H树脂能够与纤维之间形成较好的界面结合及较高的界面强度，SCF35/PAEK-H复合材料中，树脂与纤维的接触角为~34.4 °，界面剪切强度为~79 MPa，复合材料90°拉伸强度为~76 MPa，模量为~9.7 GPa，短梁剪切强度为~92 MPa；而流动性较低的PAEK-L树脂与SCF35碳纤维复合材料中，树脂与纤维的接触角为~35.8 °，界面剪切强度为~64 MPa，复合材料90°拉伸强度为~55 MPa，模量约为~8.6 GPa，短梁剪切强度为~86 MPa。SCF35/PAEK复合材料的层间性能受到树脂基体塑性变形能力的影响，基体塑性变形能力较强的PAEK-L较PAEK-H，其复合材料具有较高的断裂韧性，SCF35/PAEK-L的Ⅰ型断裂韧性为~938 J/m²，Ⅱ型断裂韧性为~2232 J/m²，SCF35/PAEK-H的Ⅰ型断裂韧性为~638 J/m²，Ⅱ型断裂韧性为~1702 J/m²。1SCF35/PAEK微球脱黏的截面形貌：(a)SCF35/PAEK-L：(b)SCF35/PAEK-HCross-sectional morphology of SCF35/PAEK microsphere debonding:(a)SCF35/PAEK-L：(b)SCF35/PAEK-H
- 碳纤维 /
- 聚芳醚酮 /
- 热塑性复合材料 /
- 界面性能 /
- 层间性能
Abstract: The interfacial strength between PAEK resin matrix and domestic T300 grade carbon fiber (SCF35) carbon fiber was studied by microsphere debonding method for domestic high performance poly aryl ether ketone (PAEK-L, PAEK-H) resins with different characteristics; the composites were prepared by using domestic carbon fiber reinforced poly aryl ether ketone (SCF35/PAEK) thermoplastic prepreg, and the effects of resin matrix on 90° tensile properties, short beam shear properties, type I fracture toughness and type II fracture toughness of the composites were studied. The results show that the interfacial properties of SCF35/PAEK composites are influenced by the fluidity of the resin matrix, and PAEK-H resin with higher fluidity can form a better interfacial bond with the fibers and higher interfacial strength. In the SCF35/PAEK-H composite, the resin-fiber contact angle is ~34.4°, the interfacial shear strength is ~79 MPa, the 90° tensile strength of the composite is ~76 MPa, the modulus is ~9.7 GPa, and the short-beam shear strength is ~92 MPa; while in the lower-fluidity PAEK-L resin and SCF35 carbon fiber composite, the resin-fiber contact angle of ~35.8°, interfacial shear strength of ~64 MPa, composite 90° tensile strength of ~55 MPa, modulus of ~8.6 GPa, and short-beam shear strength of ~86 MPa. The interlaminar properties of SCF35/PAEK composites are influenced by the plastic deformation ability of the resin matrix. PAEK-L, which has a stronger plastic deformation ability of the matrix, has a higher fracture toughness than PAEK-H. The type I fracture toughness of SCF35/PAEK-L is ~938 J/m² and the type II fracture toughness is ~2232 J/m², and the type I fracture toughness of SCF35/PAEK-H is ~638 J/m² and the type II fracture toughness is ~1702 J/m².
- carbon fiber /
- poly aryl ether ketone /
- thermoplastic composites /
- interfacial properties /
- interlaminar properties

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图 1 国产T300级(SCF35)碳纤维表面形貌

Figure 1. Surface morphology of domestic T300 grade carbon fiber (SCF35) SCF35 carbon fiber

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图 2 SCF35/PAEK复合材料成型工艺：(a)薄板成型工艺；(b)厚板成型工艺

Figure 2. Forming process of SCF35/PAEK composite: (a) Thin plate forming process; (b) Thick plate forming process

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图 3 预制缺陷层压板的铺层示意图

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of laying of prefabricated defective laminates

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图 4 微球脱黏试验示意图

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of microsphere debonding test

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图 5 SCF35/PAEK微球脱黏的表面形貌：(a) SCF35/PAEK-L，(1)整体形貌，(2)微球脱黏的示意图，(3)微球脱黏的前端形貌，(4)微球脱黏的后端形貌；(b) SCF35/PAEK-H，(1)整体形貌，(2)微球脱黏的示意图，(3)微球脱黏的前端形貌，(4)微球脱黏的后端形貌

Figure 5. Surface morphology of SCF35/PAEK microsphere debonding: (a) SCF35/PAEK-L, (1) Overall Shape, (2) Schematic diagram of microsphere debonding, (3) Shape of the front end of microsphere debonding, (4) Shape of the back end of microsphere debonding; (b) SCF35/PAEK-H, (1) Overall Shape, (2) Schematic diagram of microsphere debonding, (3) Shape of the front end of microsphere debonding, (4) Shape of the back end of microsphere debonding

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图 6 SCF35/PAEK微球脱黏的截面形貌：(a)SCF35/PAEK-L：(b)SCF35/PAEK-H

Figure 6. Cross-sectional morphology of SCF35/PAEK microsphere debonding: (a) SCF35/PAEK-L; (b) SCF35/PAEK-H

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图 7 SCF35/PAEK间的接触角：(a) SCF35/PAEK-L; (b) SCF35/PAEK-H

Figure 7. Contact angle between SCF35/PAEK: (a) SCF35/PAEK-L; (b) SCF35/PAEK-H

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图 8 SCF35/PAEK复合材料90°拉伸破坏形貌：(a) SCF35/PAEK-L; (b) SCF35/PAEK-H

Figure 8. 90° tensile damage morphology of SCF35/PAEK composite: (a) SCF35/PAEK-L; (b) SCF35/PAEK-H

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图 9 SCF35/PAEK短梁剪切的典型应力-应变曲线

Figure 9. Typical stress-strain curve of SCF35/PAEK short beam shear

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图 10 SCF35/PAEK短梁剪切的截面形貌

Figure 10. Cross-sectional morphology of SCF35/PAEK short beam shear

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图 11 SCF35/PAEK短梁剪切的表面形貌

Figure 11. Surface morphology of SCF35/PAEK short beam shear

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图 12 SCF35/PAEK典型断裂韧性曲线：(a) Ⅰ型断裂韧性；(b) Ⅱ型断裂韧性

Figure 12. Typical fracture toughness curve of SCF35/PAEK: (a) Type I fracture toughness; (b) Type II fracture toughness

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图 13 SCF35/PAEK断裂形貌：(a) SCF35/PAEK-L Ⅰ型断裂形貌；(b) SCF35/PAEK-L Ⅱ型断裂形貌；(c) SCF35/PAEK-H Ⅰ型断裂形貌；(d) SCF35/PAEK-H Ⅱ型断裂形貌

Figure 13. Fracture morphology of SCF35/PAEK: (a) Type I fracture morphology of SCF35/PAEK-L; (b) Type Ⅱ fracture morphology of SCF35/PAEK-L; (c) Type I fracture morphology of SCF35/PAEK-H; (d) Type Ⅱ fracture morphology of SCF35/PAEK-H

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图 14 PAEK树脂试样断裂形貌：(a) PAEK-L冲击断面形貌；(b) PAEK-L拉伸断面形貌；(c) PAEK-H冲击断面形貌；(d) PAEK-H拉伸断面形貌

Figure 14. Fracture morphology of PAEK resin specimens: (a) Impact section morphology of PAEK-L; (b) Tensile section morphology of PAEK-L; (c) Impact section morphology of PAEK-H; (d) Tensile section morphology of PAEK-H

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表 1 聚芳醚酮(PAEK)树脂基体的性能

Table 1. Properties of poly aryl ether ketone (PAEK) resin matrix

Property	PAEK-L	PAEK-H
Tensile strength/ MPa	96±0.5	95±0.5
Tensile modulus/ GPa	4.0±0.2	3.9±0.2
Elongation/ %	109±7.2	101±4.4
Notched Impact Strength/ (kJ∙m^-2)	5.7±0.2	5.7±0.2
Apparent viscosity (360℃)/ (Pa·s)	1139	399

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表 2 SCF35碳纤维的性能

Table 2. Properties of SCF35 carbon fiber

Fibre	Specifications	Tensile strength /MPa	Tensile modulus /GPa	Elongation /%	Bulk density /(g∙cm⁻³⁾	Linear density /(g∙m⁻¹)
SCF35	12 K	4300	230	1.85	1.8	0.8

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表 3 SCF35/PAEK复合材料的界面性能

Table 3. Interfacial properties of SCF35/PAEK composites

System	Interfacial shear strength/ MPa	Contact angle/ (°)	90° Tensile Strength/ MPa	90° Tensile Modulus/ GPa	Short beam shear strength/ MPa
SCF35/PAEK-L	64±3.4	35.8±1.0	55±2.9	8.6±0.1	86±1.9
SCF35/PAEK-H	79±6.0	34.4±3.0	76±5.4	9.7±0.4	92±1.4

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表 4 SCF35/PAEK复合材料的断裂韧性

Table 4. Fracture toughness of SCF35/PAEK composites

System	G_ⅠC/ (J∙m⁻²)	G_ⅡC/ (J∙m⁻²)
SCF35/PAEK-L	938±38	2232±208
SCF35/PAEK-H	638±38	1702±46
Notes：G_ⅠC is the type I fracture toughness of SCF35/PAEK composites; G_ⅡC is the type Ⅱ fracture toughness of SCF35/PAEK composites.

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