Electric field driven micro 3D printing of high-precision circuit on bismaleimide resin matrix composite
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摘要: 纤维改性双马树脂基复合材料凭借其优异的力学性能、耐高温、耐腐蚀特性，被广泛应用于航空航天、智能蒙皮、共形天线、电磁屏蔽、高频电路基板、电加热等领域。然而，由于石英纤维增强双马树脂基复合材料具有非平整、异质、各向异性的特点，在此基材上简单、高效、低成本制造高分辨率微细电路是当前亟待解决的难题。本文提出了一种基于电场驱动微3D打印在石英纤维增强双马树脂基复合材料上制造高精度电路的新方法，阐述了基本成形原理和关键技术实现，探究了非平整异质复合材料表面电场分布特点和场强变化规律，提出通过调节电场强度阈值实现稳定打印的策略；通过实验揭示了主要工艺参数对制造电路精度、形貌以及性能的影响规律，并结合优化的工艺窗口，实现了最小线宽50 μm的多种图案微细电路的制造。制造的典型样件电导率为4.5×107 S/m，经100次附着力实验和100分钟超声实验后电阻变化率在1%左右；在电加热应用方面展现出优异的热响应速度，在3 V电压下最高温度可达158℃，能够在200 s内实现除冰。该技术为高效低成本制造纤维改性双马树脂复合材料基微细电路提供了一种有效方法，显示出良好的工业化应用前景。
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关键词:
- 电场驱动微3D打印 /
- 石英纤维增强双马树脂基复合材料 /
- 非平整异质基材 /
- 增材制造 /
- 高精度电路
Abstract: Fiber-modified bismaleimide resin matrix composites are widely used in aerospace, smart skins, conformal antennas, electromagnetic shielding, high-frequency circuit substrates, and electrical heating by virtue of their excellent mechanical properties, high-temperature and corrosion-resistant characteristics. However, due to the non-flat, heterogeneous, and anisotropic characteristics of bismaleimide resin matrix composites, the simple, efficient, and low-cost fabrication of high-resolution circuits on this substrate is a current challenge to be solved. In this paper, a new method for fabricating high-precision circuits based on electric-field-driven micro-3D printing on quartz fiber modified bismaleimide resin matrix composites are proposed, and the basic forming principle and key technology implementation are described. Explored the characteristics of electric field distribution on the surface of non-flat heterogeneous composites and the changing law of field strength, and proposed a strategy to realize stable printing adjusting the threshold of electric field strength. The effects of the main process parameters on the precision, morphology and performance of the fabricated circuits were revealed experimentally, and the fabrication of various patterned circuits with a minimum line width of 50 μm had been realized by combining with an optimized process parameter. The typical sample manufactured had a conductivity of 4.5×107 S/m, and the resistance change rate was around 1% after 100 times of adhesion testing and 100 min ultrasonic experiments. It had excellent thermal response speed when applied to electric heating applications, and the maximum temperature can reach 158℃ under 3 V, and de-icing can be realized within 200s. This technology provides an effective method for the efficient and low-cost fabrication of fiber modified bismaleimide resin composite-based circuits, showing good prospects for industrial applications. -
图 1 电场驱动喷射沉积微3D打印原理示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of electric field driven jet deposition micro 3D printing principle
图 2 电场驱动喷射微3D打印双马树脂基复合材料高精度微细电路工艺流程示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the process flow of high-precision microfabricated circuits in electric field-driven jet micro-3D printing of bismaleimide resin matrix composites
图 3 石英纤维增强双马树脂基复合材料宏观图与微观图
Figure 3. Macroscopic and microscopic diagrams of quartz fiber reinforced bismaleimide resin matrix composites
图 4 单材料组分基底与双马树脂基复材的电场强度对比和双马树脂基复材在EHD模式下的电场强度
Figure 4. Comparison of electric field strength between single material component substrate and bismaleimide resin-based composite and bismaleimide resin-based composite in EHD mode
图 6 不同电压和不同打印高度下电场数值模拟流程图及仿真结果
Figure 6. Numerical simulation flowchart and simulation results of electric field at different voltages and different print heights
图 7 纳米银浆在双马树脂基复材上喷射性能实验图
Figure 7. Experimental plot of spraying performance of nanosilver paste on bismaleimide resin-based composites
图 9 石英纤维增强双马树脂基复合材料基底3D打印工艺参数研究结果
Figure 9. Results of 3D printing process parameters of quartz fiber reinforced bismaleimide resin matrix composite substrates
图 10 不同烧结温度和烧结时间下银线电阻变化规律
Figure 10. Change rule of silver wire resistance at different sintering temperature and sintering time
图 11 石英纤维增强双马树脂基复合材料电加热实验
Figure 11. Electric heating experiment of quartz fiber reinforced bismaleimide resin matrix composites
图 12 石英纤维增强双马树脂基复合材料与银线的结合性能测试
Figure 12. Adhesion test of quartz fiber reinforced bismaleimide resin matrix composites with silver wire
图 13 不同线宽银线烧结后单位长度电阻和电导率
Figure 13. Resistance and conductivity per unit length after sintering of silver wires with different wire widths
图 14 石英纤维增强双马树脂基复材复杂图案打印
Figure 14. Complex pattern printing on quartz fiber-reinforced bismaleimide resin-based replicas
表 1 主要实验设备信息
Table 1. Main experimental equipment information
Name Model number Factory owners Electric field-driven micro-3D printer EM3DP-4 A Self-research High temperature atmosphere furnaces GR.AF12/11 Shanghai guier machinery equipment co Vacuum drying oven DZF-6092 Shanghai yiheng scientific instrument co. Resistance tester ATL56 Suzhou penglian electronic equipment co. Infrared thermal imager NDJ-5 S Guangzhou ruimei electronic technology co. Constant voltage and constant current DC power supplies 85-2 Changzhou yinergy experimental instrument factory Ultrasonic cleaner SCQ—180323 P Shanghai shengyan ultrasonic co. 
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