碳化硼陶瓷/超高分子量聚乙烯复合装甲板抗12.7 mm穿甲弹侵彻过程中陶瓷的碎裂行为

贾楠; 焦亚男; 周庆; 何业茂; 陈利; 万喜莉

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220905.003

碳化硼陶瓷/超高分子量聚乙烯复合装甲板抗12.7 mm穿甲弹侵彻过程中陶瓷的碎裂行为

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220905.003

贾楠^{1, 2, 3,},
焦亚男^{1, 2, ,},
周庆³,
何业茂^{1, 2, 3},
陈利^{1, 2},
万喜莉³

1.
天津工业大学　纺织科学与工程学院，天津 300387
2.
天津工业大学　先进纺织复合材料教育部重点实验室，天津 300387
3.
北京普诺泰新材料科技有限公司，北京 102200

详细信息

通讯作者:
焦亚男，博士，研究员，博士生导师，研究方向为纺织复合材料结构与性能　E-mail：jiaoyn@tiangong.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB332
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-27
- 修回日期: 2022-07-27
- 录用日期: 2022-08-24
- 网络出版日期: 2022-09-06
- 刊出日期: 2023-06-15

Ceramic fragmentation behavior of B₄C ceramic/ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene composite armor plate impacted by 12.7 mm armor piercing projectile

JIA Nan^{1, 2, 3
,},
JIAO Ya'nan^{1, 2
, ,},
ZHOU Qing³,
HE Yemao^{1, 2, 3},
CHEN Li^{1, 2},
WAN Xili³

1.
School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composite Materials, Ministry of Education, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
3.
Beijing Protech New Material Science CO., LTD., Beijing 102200, China

摘要

摘要: 陶瓷/UHMWPE复合装甲板以其轻质高强的优异性能广泛应用于弹道防护领域，其通过陶瓷的破碎与背板的变形破坏耗散弹丸动能，其中陶瓷的破碎吸能是消耗动能的主要模式。因此，分析陶瓷的碎裂过程及损伤演化特性，对优化陶瓷复合装甲的防护性能具有重要意义。本文以碳化硼陶瓷(B₄C)作为面板材料，超高分子量聚乙烯(Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene，UHMWPE)层压板作为背板材料，通过真空袋膜压工艺制备B₄C/UHMWPE复合装甲板。采用54式12.7 mm穿甲弹以弹速(488±10) m/s侵彻复合装甲板，研究复合装甲板的抗侵彻性能；基于X射线计算机断层扫描(X-ray computed tomography，CT)技术和断口形貌观察，分析复合装甲板的弹道侵彻响应机制及B₄C陶瓷的破碎行为和特征参数。研究结果表明：B₄C陶瓷的破碎区域呈现双圆台状；陶瓷的响应区域包括陶瓷板背面的超前破碎区、弹道侵彻后剩余的陶瓷板、弹丸正下方的碎片-完全粉化区；B₄C陶瓷内的自由面锥角与复合装甲板的抗穿甲弹侵彻性能存在明显正相关性；B₄C/UHMWPE复合装甲板的响应过程包括冲击波传播过程及诱导陶瓷内自由面生成、B₄C陶瓷的破碎过程、UHMWPE层压板的压缩-剪切-拉伸的耦合过程。
- 碳化硼陶瓷 /
- 复合装甲板 /
- 12.7 mm穿甲弹 /
- 陶瓷破碎 /
- 超高分子量聚乙烯 /
- CT分析
Abstract: The ceramic/ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composite armor plate is widely used in the ballistic protection field because of its excellent performance of light weight and high strength. It dissipates the kinetic energy of the projectile through the breaking of the ceramic and the deformation of the back plate. The energy absorption of ceramic fragmentation is the main mode of dissipating kinetic energy of armor piercing projectile. Therefore, it is important to analyze the fracture process and damage evolution characteristics of ceramic to optimize the protective performance of ceramic composite armor. The B₄C was used as panel material, and UHMWPE laminate was used as back plate material. B₄C/UHMWPE composite armor plate was prepared by resin film infusion. The composite armor plate was impacted by 54-types 12.7 mm armor piercing projectile at the velocity of (488±10) m/s to study the anti-penetration performance. Based on X-ray computed tomography (CT) technology and fracture morphology observation, the ballistic response mechanism of composite armor plate was analyzed. Further, the fragmentation behavior and characteristic parameters of B₄C ceramics were explored. The results show that the damage region of B₄C ceramics presents a double cone shape. The response region of the ceramic includes the advanced fragmentation zone on the back face of the ceramic plate, the remaining ceramic plate after ballistic penetration, and the fragment-complete pulverization zone directly below the projectile. There is an obvious positive correlation between the free surface cone angle of B₄C ceramics and the anti-penetration performance of composite armor plate. The response process of B₄C/UHMWPE composite armor plate includes shock wave propagation process and the generation of free surface formation in ceramics, B₄C ceramic fragmentation process, and the coupling process of compression, shear, and tension of UHMWPE laminate.
- B₄C ceramic /
- composite armor plate /
- 12.7 mm armor piercing projectile /
- ceramic fragmentation /
- ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene /
- CT analysis

HTML全文

图 1 实验路线示意图：(a) 真空袋膜压工艺制备装甲板；(b) 弹道测试装置；(c) 弹道测试后的复合装甲板和弹丸；(d) CT扫描设备

Figure 1. Schematic of experimental route: (a) Preparation of armor plate by vacuum bag film pressing process; (b) Illustration of ballistic test setup; (c) Post-impact composite laminate and bullet; (d) Illustration of CT-scan setup

API-Armor Piercing Incendiary ; IR—infrared ray; A—sectional drawing

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图 2 不同结构的B₄C/UHMWPE复合装甲板抵挡12.7 mm穿甲侵彻的有效防护百分比

Figure 2. Effective protection percentage of B₄C/UHMWPE composite armor plates with different structures against 12.7 mm armor piercing penetration

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图 3 弹道侵彻后B₄C/UHMWPE复合装甲板的损伤形貌：(a) 基于CT扫描的沿弹孔直径方向的复合装甲板横截面剖面形貌(S4^#-3)；(b) 弹着点处装甲板的宏观尺度的损伤形貌；(c) 弹着点处装甲板的微观尺度的损伤形貌

Figure 3. Damage morphologies of post-impact B₄C/UHMWPE composite armor plate: (a) Cross section morphology of composite armor plate along bullet hole diameter based on CT scanning (S4^#-3); (b) Macroscopic damage morphology of armor plate at the impact point; (c) Micro scale damage morphology of armor plate at the impact point

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图 4 (a1) 弹着点处B₄C陶瓷板背面的破碎形貌(S4^#-5)；(a2) 与B₄C陶瓷板背面分离并贴附于UHMWPE层压板上的超前碎裂区陶瓷破碎形貌(S4^#-5)；(b) 穿甲弹侵彻作用下B₄C陶瓷响应区域分类示意图

Figure 4. (a1) Fracture morphology of back face of B₄C ceramic plate at impact point (S4^#-5); (a2) Fracture morphology of ceramic in the advanced fragmentation zone separated from B₄C ceramic plate back face and attached to the UHMWPE laminate (S4^#-5); (b) Schematic diagram of response area classification of B4 C ceramic under penetration of piercing projectile

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图 5 穿甲弹侵彻作用下B₄C/UHMWPE复合装甲板中B₄C陶瓷超前破碎区的形成机制

Figure 5. Formation mechanism of B₄C ceramic advanced fragmentation zone in B₄C/UHMWPE composite armor plate under armor piercing projectile

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图 6 穿甲弹侵彻作用下B₄C/UHMWPE复合装甲板的响应机制：(a) 冲击波的传播过程；(b) 弹道侵彻过程：(b1) 陶瓷表面产生裂纹并形成超前破坏区；(b2) 超前破碎区与陶瓷分离并发生碎裂；(b3) 弹丸开始侵彻背板；(b4) 弹丸动能耗尽；(b5) 装甲有效抵挡弹丸侵彻；(b6) 装甲被弹丸穿透

Figure 6. Response mechanism of B₄C/UHMWPE composite armor plate under armor piercing projectile: (a) Process of shock wave propagation; (b) Ballistic penetration process: (b1) Cracks appear on ceramic surface and advanced fragmentation zone is formed; (b2) Advanced fragmentation zone separates from the ceramic and breaks; (b3) Projectile began to penetrate the backplane; (b4) Kinetic energy of projectile is exhausted; (b5) Armor effectively resists projectile penetration; (b6) Armor was penetrated by the projectile

V—Velocity of projectile

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图 7 弹道侵彻后B₄C/UHMWPE复合装甲板的自由面锥角

Figure 7. Free surface cone angle of post-impact B₄C/UHMWPE composite armor plate

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表 1 B₄C陶瓷的物理性能

Table 1. Physical properties of B₄C ceramic

Bending strength/MPa	Elastic modulus/GPa	Vickers harness/(kgf·mm⁻²)	Fracture toughness/(MPa·m^1/2)	Volume density/(g·cm⁻³)
564	393	3536	3.47	2.57

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表 2 试验用超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)层压板的物理性能

Table 2. Physical properties of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) laminate in experiment

Volume density /(g·cm⁻³)	Tensile strength at break/MPa	Young’s modulus/GPa	Tensile strain at break/%
0.95-1.0	1064.39	42.09	3.10

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表 3 试验用B₄C/UHMWPE复合装甲板结构及其参数

Table 3. Structure and specifications of B₄C/UHMWPE composite armor plate in experiment

Test structure No.	Structure design of armor plate	Parameters of B₄C/UHMWPE laminated composite armor plate						Repetition
		Thickness of B₄C/mm		Areal density of UHMWPE/(kg·m⁻²)		Areal density of armor plate/(kg·m⁻²)
		AVG.	STD.	AVG.	STD.	AVG.	STD.
S1^#	11 mm B₄C + 10 kg/m² UHMWPE	11.13	0.13	10.13	0.08	39.21	0.54	9
S2^#	12 mm B₄C + 8 kg/m² UHMWPE	12.08	0.10	8.12	0.04	39.56	0.45	5
S3^#	11 mm B₄C + 12 kg/m² UHMWPE	11.18	0.02	11.98	0.16	41.77	0.39	4
S4^#	12 mm B₄C + 10 kg/m² UHMWPE	12.2	0.01	10.02	0.07	42.18	0.36	7
Notes: AVG.—Average; STD.—Standard deviation.

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表 4 B₄C /UHMWPE复合装甲板抵挡54式12.7 mm穿甲弹侵彻试验结果

Table 4. Test results of B₄C /UHMWPE composite armor plate resisting the penetration of 54 Type 12.7 mm armor piercing projectile

No. of test structure	Repeat sample No.	Impact velocity/(m·s⁻¹)	Post-impact state	Location of impact point		Bulge length/mm
No. of test structure	Repeat sample No.	Impact velocity/(m·s⁻¹)	Post-impact state	Distance form top/mm	Distance from left/mm	Bulge length/mm
S1^#: 11 mm B₄C + 10 kg/m² UHMWPE	S1^#-1	495	NP	130	200	39
	S1^#-2	497	CP	150	160	—
	S1^#-3	489	NP	145	155	60
	S1^#-4	492	CP	160	175	—
	S1^#-5	491	CP	215	150	—
	S1^#-6	493	CP	105	155	—
	S1^#-7	493	NP	115	135	95
	S1^#-8	483	CP	175	180	—
	S1^#-9	497	CP	160	160	—
S2^#: 12 mm B₄C + 8 kg/m² UHMWPE	S2^#-1	495	CP	165	195	—
	S2^#-2	493	CP	210	170	—
	S2^#-3	491	CP	180	215	—
	S2^#-4	489	CP	155	145	—
	S2^#-5	493	NP	145	150	79
S3^#: 11 mm B₄C + 12 kg/m² UHMWPE	S3^#-1	489	CP	115	150	—
	S3^#-2	498	NP	110	120	93
	S3^#-3	491	NP	210	190	68
	S3^#-4	483	NP	175	240	66
S4^#: 12 mm B₄C + 10 kg/m² UHMWPE	S4^#-1	496	NP	120	140	55
	S4^#-2	490	CP	150	165	—
	S4^#-3	494	NP	135	150	30
	S4^#-4	489	CP	155	160	—
	S4^#-5	485	CP	200	115	—
	S4^#-6	486	CP	160	165	—
	S4^#-7	491	NP	150	170	40
Notes: NP—Non-perforating; CP—Complete perforating.

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