碳/玻混杂纤维铺层结构对风力机叶片弯扭耦合特性的影响

付凌峰; 姜鑫; 孙震; 温世东; 高铭泽; 田瑞

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220915.006

碳/玻混杂纤维铺层结构对风力机叶片弯扭耦合特性的影响

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220915.006

付凌峰¹,
姜鑫^1, ,,
孙震³,
温世东¹,
高铭泽¹,
田瑞^{1, 2}

1.
内蒙古工业大学　能源与动力工程学院，呼和浩特 010051
2.
内蒙古工业大学　风能太阳能利用技术教育部重点实验室，呼和浩特 010051
3.
国能准能集团有限责任公司，鄂尔多斯 017000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(12272189)；内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究项目-重点项目(NJZZ22395)；内蒙古工业大学科学研究项目-博士基金(BS2021056)

详细信息

通讯作者:
姜鑫，博士，副教授，硕士生导师，研究方向为风力机叶片结构设计及优化　E-mail: jiangxin@imut.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB332
计量
- 文章访问数: 635
- HTML全文浏览量: 323
- PDF下载量: 58
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-14
- 修回日期: 2022-08-20
- 录用日期: 2022-09-03
- 网络出版日期: 2022-09-16
- 刊出日期: 2023-07-15

Influence of carbon/glass hybrid fiber layup structure on the bending-twisting coupling behavior of wind turbine blades

FU Lingfeng¹,
JIANG Xin^{1
, ,},
SUN Zhen³,
WEN Shidong¹,
GAO Mingze¹,
TIAN Rui^{1, 2}

1.
College of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Wind and Solar Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
3.
Guoneng Zhunneng Group CO., LTD., Erdos 017000, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (12272189); Scientific Research Project of Higher Education Institutions in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region-Key Project (NJZZ22395); Inner Mongolia University of Technology Scientific Research Project-Doctoral Foundation (BS2021056)

摘要

摘要: 为研究复合材料铺层结构对叶片弯扭耦合特性的影响。以功率2 kW的风力机叶片试样为研究对象，选用碳/玻纤维不同混杂比(4∶4和2∶6)双轴向经编织物。基于经典层合板理论及联合节点位移法，实验研究集中载荷作用下，铺层结构叶片试样形变特性，分析叶片试样弯扭耦合特性。结果表明：同种碳/玻纤维混杂时，纤维排列角度为25°时，叶片试样等效弯扭耦合系数最佳为0.186，而同种纤维排列角度，碳/玻纤维混杂比4∶4的叶片试样等效弯扭耦合系数大于碳/玻纤维混杂比2∶6的叶片试样。应变测试实验发现沿叶片试样展向，叶片试样主应变逐渐减小，弯扭耦合特性可有效改善叶根处主应变。
- 碳/玻混杂 /
- 风力机叶片 /
- 弯扭耦合 /
- 应变特性 /
- 节点位移法
Abstract: In order to analyze the influence of layer structure of composite material on bending-twisting coupling behavior of wind turbine blade, the carbon/glass biaxial warp knitting fabric with hybrid layer ratio 4∶4 and 2∶6 were selected as reinforcement to fabricate blade. A 2 kW wind turbine blade samples model was established and the strain deform behavior of blade samples was experimental studied by combining classical laminate theory and nodal displacement method. The bending-twisting coupling behavior was also analyzed. The results show that when the carbon/glass hybrid ratio is same and the fiber off-axis angle is 25°, the optimal value of equivalent bending-twisting coupling coefficient of blade samples is 0.186. With same fiber off-axis angle, carbon/glass hybrid ratio 4∶4 blade samples has higher equivalent bending-twisting coupling coefficient than carbon/glass hybrid ratio 2∶6 blade samples. The strain measurement experiment shows that the principal strains decreases gradually along with blade length, and bending-twisting coupling behavior have a good effect on perfecting the principal strain at the blade root.
- carbon/glass hybrid /
- wind turbine blades /
- bending-twisting coupling /
- strain behavior /
- nodal displacement method

HTML全文

图 1 双轴向经编织物结构示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of biaxial warp-knitted fabric

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 碳/玻混杂叶片试样的成型系统

Figure 2. Vacuum system of carbon-glass hybrid blades samples

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 碳/玻混杂材料试样示意图

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of carbon/glass hybrid material samples

L—Total length of composite material samples; L₀—Test length of composite material sample; L₁—Length of reinforcing piece of composite material sample; b—Width of composite material sample; h—Thickness of composite material sample

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 准静态拉伸实验图

Figure 4. Quasi-static tensile diagram

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 部分叶片试样

Figure 5. Diagram of part carbon/glass hybrid blades samples

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 碳/玻混杂叶片测量面示意图

Figure 6. Schematic of measure plane for carbon/glass hybrid blades

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 碳/玻混杂叶片试样弯扭耦合实验

Figure 7. Bending-twisting coupling test of carbon/glass hybrid blades

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 碳/玻混杂叶片试样各截面扭曲角

Figure 8. Torsion angle of carbon/glass hybrid blades each section

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 碳/玻混杂叶片试样各截面弯曲角

Figure 9. Bending angle at each section of carbon-glass hybrid blades

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 碳/玻混杂叶片试样各截面主应变

Figure 10. Principal strain of each section of carbon/glass hybrid blades

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 碳/玻混杂叶片材料试样尺寸

Table 1. Samples size of carbon/glass hybrid blade material

Title	Size/mm
Length L	250
Width b	25
Thickness h	2-3
Test section L₀	150
Strengthening section L₁	50

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 碳/玻混杂叶片试样性能

Table 2. Properties of carbon/glass hybrid blade samples

Carbon/glass hybrid ratio	Test direction/(°)	Density/(g·cm⁻³)	E/GPa	G/GPa	ν
4∶4	0	1.73	8.15	3.17	0.284
4∶4	90	1.73	7.56	2.94	0.284
2∶6	0	1.77	5.15	2.02	0.275
2∶6	90	1.77	4.64	1.82	0.275
Notes: E—Modulus of elasticity; G—Shear modulus; ν—Poisson's ratio.

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 碳/玻混杂叶片试样编号及含义

Table 3. Carbon/glass hybrid blade samples number and meaning

Number	Implication
A0	Ratio (carbon/glass) 4∶4，angle 0°
A15	Ratio (carbon/glass) 4∶4，angle 15°
A25	Ratio (carbon/glass) 4∶4，angle 25°
A35	Ratio (carbon/glass) 4∶4，angle 35°
A45	Ratio (carbon/glass) 4∶4，angle 45°
A55	Ratio (carbon/glass) 4∶4，angle 55°
B0	Ratio (carbon/glass) 2∶6，angle 0°
B15	Ratio (carbon/glass) 2∶6，angle 15°
B25	Ratio (carbon/glass) 2∶6，angle 25°
B35	Ratio (carbon/glass) 2∶6，angle 35°
B45	Ratio (carbon/glass) 2∶6，angle 45°
B55	Ratio (carbon/glass) 2∶6，angle 55°

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 碳/玻混杂叶片试样各截面加权系数

Table 4. Weighting factors for measured cross sections of carbon/glass hybrid blades samples

Measurement cross-section	Weighting factor
1-1	0.0018
2-2	0.0054
3-3	0.0090
4-4	0.0126
5-5	0.0162
6-6	0.0198
7-7	0.0234
8-8	0.0270
9-9	0.0306
10-10	0.0342

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 碳/玻混杂叶片试样的等效弯扭耦合系数

Table 5. Equivalent bend-twist coupling coefficient of carbon/glass hybrid blades samples

Blade	Coefficient
A15	0.133
A25	0.186
A35	0.154
A45	0.133
A55	0.128
B15	0.130
B25	0.150
B35	0.117
B45	0.053
B55	0.104

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(22)

[1]	王同光. 风力机叶片结构设计[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2015: 12-22. WANG Tongguang. Wind turbine blade structure design[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2015: 12-22(in Chinese) .
[2]	邓富泉, 张丽, 刘少祯,等. 单向连续碳纤维-玻璃纤维层间混杂增强环氧树脂基复合材料的力学性能[J]. 复合材料学报, 2018, 35(7):1857-1863. doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20180402.003 DENG Fuquan, ZHANG Li, LIU Shaozhen, et al. Mechanical properties of unidirectional continuous carbon fiber-glass fiber interlayer hybrid reinforced epoxy resin matrix composites[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2018,35(7):1857-1863(in Chinese). doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20180402.003
[3]	CHEN J G, SHEN X, ZHU X C, et al. Study on composite bend-twist coupled wind turbine blade for passive load mitigation[J]. Composite Structures,2019,213:173-189. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.01.086
[4]	PRAVEEN S, MOHAMMED R S, DIPAK K M. A parametric study of flutter behavior of a composite wind turbine blade with bend-twist coupling[J]. Composite Structures,2019,207:764-775. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.09.064
[5]	周邢银. 大型风力机复合材料叶片弯扭耦合特性研究[D]. 北京: 华北电力大学(北京), 2016. ZHOU Xingyin. Study on the bending and twisting coupling characteristics of large wind turbine composite blades[D]. Beijing: North China Electric Power University (Beijing), 2016(in Chinese).
[6]	张龙, 贾普荣, 王波, 等. 考虑弯扭耦合效应的复合材料叶片铺层优化方法[J]. 西北工业大学学报, 2018, 36(6):1093-1101. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2758.2018.06.009 ZHANG Long, JIA Purong, WANG Bo, et al. Optimization method of composite blade layup considering bending-torsion coupling effect[J]. Journal of Northwestern Polytechnic University,2018,36(6):1093-1101(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2758.2018.06.009
[7]	ZHANG Z, WU J, LIANG B, et al. Investigation to the torsion generation of spatial tubes in bending-twisting process[J]. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2020,107(3/4):1191-1203. doi: 10.1007/s00170-020-05101-7
[8]	JING Z, CHEN J. An investigation on design of signs in composite laminates to control bending-twisting coupling effects using sign optimization algorithm[J]. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization,2019,60(5):2131-2156. doi: 10.1007/s00158-019-02315-6
[9]	GU H, SHAW A D, AMOOZGAR M, et al. Twist morphing of a composite rotor blade using a novel metamaterial[J]. Composite Structures,2020,254:112855. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.112855
[10]	刘瑞杰. 智能风力机的气弹特性仿真研究[D]. 北京: 华北电力大学(北京), 2019. LIU Ruijie. Simulation study of air-elastic characteristics of intelligent wind turbine[D]. Beijing: North China Electric Power University (Beijing), 2019(in Chinese).
[11]	KHAZAR H, ALVARO G M L, CARLOS D M, et al. Flutter performance of bend-twist coupled large-scale wind turbine blades[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,2016,370:149-162. doi: 10.1016/j.jsv.2016.01.032
[12]	STABLEIN A R, HANSEN M H, PIRRUNG G. Fundamental aeroelastic properties of a bend-twist coupled blade section[J]. Journal of Fluids & Structures,2017,68:72-89. doi: 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2016.10.010
[13]	FARSADI T, KAYRAN A. Flutter study of flapwise bend-twist coupled composite wind turbine blades[J]. Wind and Structures An International Journal,2021,32(3):267-281. doi: 10.12989/was.2021.32.3.267
[14]	周邢银, 安利强, 王璋奇. 对称非匀层合板梁的弯扭耦合效应[J]. 复合材料学报, 2017, 34(7):1462-1468. doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20170121.001 ZHOU Xingyin, AN Liqiang, WANG Zhangqi. Bend-twist coupling effect of symmetric un-uniform laminate plate beam[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2017,34(7):1462-1468(in Chinese). doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20170121.001
[15]	王庆涛. 碳/玻层内混杂单向经编织物渗透性能及混杂复合材料力学性能研究[D]. 上海: 东华大学, 2018. WANG Qingtao. Study on the permeability properties of unidirectional warp-knitted fabrics blended within carbon/glass layers and the mechanical properties of blended composites[D]. Shanghai: Donghua University, 2018(in Chinese).
[16]	KIM S H, SHIN H, BANG H J. Bend-twist coupling behavior of 10 MW composite wind blade[J]. Composites Research,2016,29(6):369-374. doi: 10.7234/composres.2016.29.6.369
[17]	杨庆生. 复合材料力学[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2020: 134-158. YANG Qingsheng. Mechanics of composite materials[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2020: 134-158(in Chinese).
[18]	马腾, 李炜. 单向碳/玻璃纤维层内-层间混杂复合材料拉伸破坏模式研究[J]. 复合材料科学与工程, 2015, 262(12):87-93. MA Teng, LI Wei. Study on tensile damage mode of unidirectional carbon/glass fiber intra-layer-interlayer hybrid composites[J]. Composites Science and Engineering,2015,262(12):87-93(in Chinese).
[19]	International Organization for Standardization. Plastics— Determination of tensile properties—Part 5: Test conditions for fibre-reinforced plastic composites: ISO 527-5: 2009[S]. Genève: ISO, 2009-06-26.
[20]	刘旺玉, 龚佳兴, 刘希凤, 等. 基于弯扭耦合的自适应风力机叶片设计[J]. 太阳能学报, 2011, 32(7):1014-1019. LIU Wangyu, GONG Jiaxing, LIU Xifeng, et al. Adaptive wind turbine blade design based on bending-torsion coupling[J]. Journal of Solar Energy,2011,32(7):1014-1019(in Chinese).
[21]	庞程燕. 水平轴水轮机叶片的弯扭耦合设计及流固耦合计算[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工程大学, 2014. PANG Chengyan. Bending-torsional coupling design and fluid-structure coupling calculation of horizontal axis hydraulic turbine blades[D]. Harbin: Harbin Engineering University, 2014(in Chinese).
[22]	WIENS M, MEYER T, WENSKE J. Exploiting bend-twist coupling in wind turbine control for load reduction[J]. IFAC-Papers On Line,2020,53(2):12139-12144. doi: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2020.12.781