光子晶体纤维的制备及应用研究进展

孔亚杰; 唐明宇; 符婉琳; 孟祥钰; 孙岳明; 代云茜

光子晶体纤维的制备及应用研究进展

东南大学　化学化工学院, 南京 211189

基金项目: 江苏省“六大人才高峰”项目XCL-082；江苏省优势学科建设项目

详细信息

通讯作者:
孙岳明，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为材料分子设计、新能源材料　E-mail: sun@seu.edu.cn

代云茜，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为清洁能源、催化、环境领域中低维纳米材料的构效关系及其表、界面效应　E-mail: daiy@seu.edu.cn

中图分类号: O734;TB34
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- 文章访问数: 87
- HTML全文浏览量: 51
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-02-23
- 修回日期: 2023-03-23
- 录用日期: 2023-04-08
- 网络出版日期: 2023-05-04

Research progress in the preparation and application of photonic crystal fibers

School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China

Funds: Project of Six Talents Climax Foundation of Jiangsu (XCL-082); Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions

摘要

摘要: 光子晶体(PC)是介质材料经周期性排列后产生的结构，它凭借独特的光调控特性在光学和光子学领域获得了广泛关注。其中，光子晶体纤维(PCFs)凭借高比表面积和三维结构可控等优势，为发展检测传感、智能穿戴、光电传输等工业产业提供了新机会。本文从PC的结构生色机制、基元材料出发，综述了PCFs的制备方法和应用，并展望了未来可能的研究重点和方向。光子晶体是折射率不同的两种以上介质形成的具有一定序列的周期性结构，能够产生类似于半导体中电子带隙的光子带隙(PBG)。当可见光通过这一结构时，波长处于PBG范围内的光被禁止继续传播，展现出对光波的选择和调制能力。PC结构色凭借高饱和度、高亮度、永不褪色、绿色环保等优势，有望解决传统纺织印刷行业的高污染、高能耗等棘手问题。制备和应用研究的基础是原理和机制，结构生色的主要机制有薄膜干涉、光栅衍射、光散射、漫反射等效应。PC最主要的特征就是PBG，光波遵循布拉格公式，经过强烈散射或多次干涉形成独特的光学显示。此外，相较于规整周期性结构的PC，非晶PC拥有各向同性、非虹彩效应和光局域化等优点，能满足光电和印染等多个领域的特定需求。PC的成功构建离不开基元材料和构造策略这两大关键因素，通过选择合适的基元材料，采取可行的构造策略可以设计特定光子应用的PC。依据组成，制备PC的基元材料可以分为无机材料、有机材料和有机-无机复合材料三大类。PCFs是具有PC结构的纤维材料，根据是否借助模板，制备PCFs的方法可以分为直接制备法和模板合成法，根据是否去除模板又可分为去除模板法和保留模板法。在直接制备法中，静电纺丝作为一种工艺简单、损耗低、绿色环保、可快速制备大量PCFs的方法，具备良好的灵活性和易操作性，能轻松生产直径从几十纳米到几微米的连续纤维。同时，由静电纺丝得到的纳米纤维具有高长径比、高比表面积、孔隙可控的特点以及出色的力学性能和生物相容性。快速发展的绿色静电纺丝技术将对PFCs的简单制备、结构优化、产业化、量产和大规模应用起到重要推动作用。PCFs的周期性微结构精巧地调控着光子的运动，向人们呈现出高亮度和永不褪色的结构生色。PCFs在有色纺织和印刷方面的实际生产中已经取得一定成果，并展现出优异性能和广阔前景。通过改变晶格间距等结构参数或基元材料，PCFs表现出动态可调的变色性能，尤其是引入光、电、溶剂等外部因素敏感物质后，进一步拓展了PCFs的应用领域。此外，PCFs在疏水、光纤等领域也有着独特的应用优势。为推动目前存在的制备技术和生产设备开发低而导致的材料实际应用存在局限性等问题的解决，本文提出以下方向可作为重点开展研究：开发连续流工艺以提高基元材料产率，借助静电纺丝制备技术调控结构本征特性，充分发挥静电纺丝连续化制备高长径比纳米纤维优势，综合PC和纤维的双重特点实现材料智能化。相信在科技高度发展的背景下，随着研究的不断深入和技术的快速发展，PCFs将在智能穿戴、微型机器人、全息显示等领域展现更加出彩的性能。
- 光子晶体 /
- 光子晶体纤维 /
- 结构色 /
- 静电纺丝 /
- 印染
Abstract: Photonic crystal (PC) is a structure formed by the periodic arrangement of dielectric materials. Due to its distinct photoregulatory features, it has drawn significant attention in the realm of optics and photonics. From the structure, mechanism, material, and functional application, people have carried out in-depth research and continuous development. Because of their large specific surface area and customizable three-dimensional structure, photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) in particular provide new potential for the development of detecting sensing, smart wearables, photoelectric transmission, and other sectors. In this paper, the structure and color mechanism of PC, basic materials, preparation methods, and applications of PCFs are reviewed. The contribution of electrostatic spinning technology in the field of PCFs is highlighted, as are the functional applications of PCFs in textile printing and dyeing, intelligent response, sensing detection, and hydrophobic regulation are discussed. Finally, the problems in macro preparation and practical production application of PCFs are pointed out, and the possible research focus and direction in the future have prospected.
- photonic crystal /
- photonic crystal fibers /
- structural color /
- electrospinning /
- printing and dyeing

HTML全文

图 1 不同维度的三种光子晶体(PC)模型：1D PC结构(a)，2D PC结构(b)，3D PC结构(c)

Figure 1. Three kinds of photonic crystal (PC) models in different dimensions: 1D PC structure (a), 2D PC structure (b), 3D PC structure (c)

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图 2 产生结构色的光学效应和光子晶体显色结构的示意图：(a)多层膜干涉效应，(b)光栅衍射效应，(c)相干散射效应，(d)非相干散射效应^[9]；(e) PC，(f)非晶PC^[13]

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of optical effects that produce structural color and color structure of photonic crystals: (a) multi-film interference effect, (b) diffraction effect of grating, (c) coherent scattering effect, (d) incoherent scattering effect^[9]; (e) PC, (f) amorphous PC^[13]

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图 3 光子晶体纤维的制备方法^[14,32-35]

Figure 3. Preparation method of photonic crystal fibers^[14,32-35]

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图 4 静电纺丝制备光子晶体纤维(PCFs)：(a)纳米粒子与高分子聚合物前驱液通过静电纺丝技术及后处理制备PC结构色纤维^[32]；(b)静电纺丝制备ZnO种子层及其显色^[12]

Figure 4. Preparation of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) by electrospinning: (a) PC structured color fibers were prepared by electrospinning and post-processing of nanoparticles and polymer precursor solution ^[32]; (b) ZnO seed layer prepared by electrospinning and its color rendering ^[12]

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图 5 微流控纺丝法制备SiO₂ PCFs^[33]

Figure 5. Preparation of SiO₂ PCFs by microfluidic spinning^[33]

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图 6 挤压固化法制备磁性Fe₃O₄粒子混合聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺凝胶1D链状热响应PCFs^[14]

Figure 6. 1D chain thermal response PCFs of Magnetic Fe₃O₄ particle mixed poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) gel prepared by extrusion curing method^[14]

NIPAM—N-isopropylacrylamide；MBAAM—N,N-methylene-bisacrylamide；APS—ammonium persulfate；CNCs—colloidal nanocrystal clusters；TEMED—N,N,N’,N-tetramethylethy-lenediamine

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图 7 制备反蛋白石PCFs^[34]

Figure 7. Preparation of anti-opal PCFs^[34]

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图 8 将玻璃纤维垂直浸渍到胶体分散体中并保留玻璃纤维模板得到PCFs^[35]

Figure 8. Glass fiber was vertically impregnated into colloidal dispersion and the glass fiber template was retained to obtain PCFs^[35]

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图 9 依次喷涂SiO₂胶体粒子和PA制备彩色PET织物的示意图及其微观形貌^[29]

Figure 9. The schematic diagram and microstructure of color PET fabric prepared by spraying SiO₂ colloidal particles and PA in turn^[29]

PA—polyacrylate；PET—polyester

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图 10 由PCFs编制的手链(a)、带图案的织物(b)及纤维的应力变色(c)^[54]

Figure 10. Bracelet made by PCFs (a), patterned fabric (b), and stress discoloration of such fibers (c)^[54]

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图 11 应用MET传感器检测人体关节运动^[61]

Figure 11. The MET sensor was used to detect human joint motion^[61]

R—real-time resistances；R₀—initial resistances；MET—Mechanochromic electronic textile

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图 12 SiO₂-PA/PET织物的可图案化(a)、透气性(b)、角度依赖特性及其大规模合成的潜力(c)^[29]

Figure 12. Patternability (a), air permeability (b), angle-dependent properties of SiO₂-PA/PET fabrics and their potential for large-scale synthesis (c)^[29]

PA—polyacrylate；PET—polyeste

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图 13 基于反蛋白石碳纤维电极的可穿戴眼健康监测传感器^[68]

Figure 13. Wearable eye health monitoring sensor based on inverse opal carbon fiber electrode^[68]

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图 14 基于TPU/Fe₃O₄/PC纤维薄膜制备磁驱动动态仿生蝴蝶^[70]

Figure 14. Magnetically driven dynamic biomimetic butterfly fabricated by TPU/Fe₃O₄/PC fiber film^[70]

TPU—Thermoplastic polyurethane

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图 15 聚碳酸酯和聚偏氟乙烯制备的PCFs的不同颜色(a)、(b)，接触角(c)及其微观形貌(d)^[71]

Figure 15. Different colors (a), contact angle (c), and morphology (d) of PCFs prepared by polycarbonate and polyvinylidene fluoride^[71]

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图 16 不同类别的3 D打印PCFs^[72]

Figure 16. Different classes of 3 D printed PCFs^[72]

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